Introduction to Bacteria 02

7/28/2019 Introduction to Bacteria 02

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PENGENALAN KEPADA

BAKTERIA

USDA NIFSI Food Safety in the Classroom

University of Tennessee, Knoxville 2006


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BAKTERIA?

Organisma yang terdiri darisel tunggal

Sangat kecik

Hanya boleh dilihat melalui

mikroskop

Mudah didapati di semuapermukaan.

E. ColiO157:H7

menyebabkan

terlalu sakit

Streptococcus

can cause strep

throat.

This E. colimembantudalam pencernaan makananUSDA NIFSI Food Safety in the Classroom



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Bagaimana Bentuk

Bakteria

Tiga bentuk asas: Berbentuk Rod iaitu bacilli

(buh-sill-eye)

Berbentuk bulat iaitu cocci(cox-eye)

Berbentuk spiral

Sesetengah wujuddalam bentuk sendiri

dan sesetengah

secara berkelompok

Bacilli

Spiral

Cocci

Cluster of cocci


http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0212089/bac13.jpg&imgrefurl=http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0212089/bac.htm&h=144&w=145&sz=40&tbnid=G51zjcYWfHLRdM:&tbnh=88&tbnw=89&hl=en&start=8&prev=/images%3Fq%3Drod%2Bbacteria%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.promotega.org/msc00003/images/bac1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.promotega.org/msc00003/bacteria.htm&h=671&w=1015&sz=36&tbnid=1mm-TY9mFMjwiM:&tbnh=98&tbnw=149&hl=en&start=58&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcocci%2Bbacteria%26start%3D40%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/frames/thumbs/prok/cocci.large.jpg&imgrefurl=http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/frames/thumbs/prok/cell.content1.html&h=133&w=225&sz=52&tbnid=oz68kx5tjyqN6M:&tbnh=60&tbnw=102&hl=en&start=82&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcocci%2Bbacteria%26start%3D80%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.astrosurf.org/lombry/Bio/cellule-cocci.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.astrosurf.org/lombry/bioastro-contamin-alh84001.htm&h=371&w=522&sz=66&tbnid=hd78CHvNZPJl6M:&tbnh=91&tbnw=129&hl=en&start=1&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcocci%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.astrosurf.org/lombry/Bio/cellule-cocci.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.astrosurf.org/lombry/bioastro-contamin-alh84001.htm&h=371&w=522&sz=66&tbnid=hd78CHvNZPJl6M:&tbnh=91&tbnw=129&hl=en&start=1&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcocci%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/frames/thumbs/prok/cocci.large.jpg&imgrefurl=http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/frames/thumbs/prok/cell.content1.html&h=133&w=225&sz=52&tbnid=oz68kx5tjyqN6M:&tbnh=60&tbnw=102&hl=en&start=82&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcocci%2Bbacteria%26start%3D80%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.promotega.org/msc00003/images/bac1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.promotega.org/msc00003/bacteria.htm&h=671&w=1015&sz=36&tbnid=1mm-TY9mFMjwiM:&tbnh=98&tbnw=149&hl=en&start=58&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcocci%2Bbacteria%26start%3D40%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0212089/bac13.jpg&imgrefurl=http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0212089/bac.htm&h=144&w=145&sz=40&tbnid=G51zjcYWfHLRdM:&tbnh=88&tbnw=89&hl=en&start=8&prev=/images%3Fq%3Drod%2Bbacteria%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D


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Bakteria adalah

mikroganisma HIDUP!

Apakah yang

menjadikannyahidup?

Ia menghasilkan

makanannya (secara

sendiri)

Ia memerlukan

makananUSDA NIFSI Food Safety in the Classroom



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Cara bakteria membiak

Grow in number not in size

Humans grow in size from child to adult

Make copies of themselves by

dividing in half

Human parents create a child




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How do bacteria eat?

Some make their own food fromsunlightlike plants

Some are scavengers

Share the environment around them

Example: The bacteria in your stomach

are now eating what you ate for breakfast

Some are warriors (pathogens) They attack other living things

Example: The bacteria on your face can

attack skin causing infection and acne

Photosynthetic

bacteria

Harmless bacteria

on the stomach

lining

E. Coli O157:H7is a pathogenUSDA NIFSI Food Safety in the ClassroomUniversity of Tennessee, Knoxville 2006


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What is a pathogen?

Bacteria that make you sick

Why do they make you sick?

To get food they need to survive and

reproduce

How do they make you sick?

They produce poisons (toxins) that result in

fever, headache, vomiting, and diarrhea

and destroy body tissue




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Where do you get a

pathogen?

Contact with people who are sick

Direct or indirect

Food, Water, or other Surfaces that

are contaminated

Indirect contact

Direct contact

Foods that

could be

contaminated




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A Closer Look Where do

you get a pathogen

Indirect

Contact

Direct

Contact

Foods and watermay be

contaminated


http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.whirlpool.com/assets/images/category/cat_hero_drinking.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.whirlpool.com/catalog/category.jsp%3FcategoryId%3D175&h=222&w=178&sz=19&hl=en&start=8&tbnid=xRs5m1nk8YhX7M:&tbnh=107&tbnw=86&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddrinking%2Bwater%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D


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Are all bacteria pathogens?

No, most are harmless

Some are even helpful

Examples of helpful bacteria:

Lactobacillus: makes cheese, yogurt, &buttermilk and produces vitamins in yourintestine

Leuconostoc: makes pickles &

sauerkraut Pediococcus: makes pepperoni, salami,

& summer sausage




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A Closer Look Helpful

Bacteria

Pediococcus - used inproduction of fermented meats

Leuconostoc cremoris used in the production of buttermilk and

sour cream

Lactobacillus caseifound inhuman intestines and mouth to improve

digestion

Lactobacillus bulgaricusused in the production of yogurt

www.bioweb.usu.edu




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What are some common

pathogens?

Pathogenic E. coli

(like O157:H7)

Found in ground beef, contaminated

fruits and vegetables

Salmonella

Found in raw meats, poultry, eggs,

sprouts, fruit and vegetables

Listeria Found in deli foods, lunch meats,

smoked fish and vegetables

E. coli

O157:H7

Salmonella

ListeriaUSDA NIFSI Food Safety in the Classroom



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Examples of Pathogens

Salmonella

Staphylococcus

aureus

Campylobacter

jejuni

E. coliO157:H7

What shape are

these bacteria?Cocci, bacilli, or

spiral?




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How can I avoid pathogens?

Wash your hands often so you wont

transfer bacteria to your mouth or

food

Warm water with soap for 20 seconds,

rub hard between fingers and nails




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Cook food thoroughly to kill

any pathogens that may be

in your food

Store food properly to limit

pathogen growth Cold temperatures (40F)

How can I avoid pathogens?




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Review

Bacteria are living organisms

Most are harmless

A few are pathogens that makeyou sick

You can reduce the risk ofgetting sick by washing yourhands and handling food

properly.USDA NIFSI Food Safety in the ClassroomUniversity of Tennessee, Knoxville 2006


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Stained Bacteria Cells at 4x


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Introduction to Bacteria 02

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