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Bab 2: Sel sebagai unit asas hidupan

SOALAN 1

(a) Rajah di bawah menunjukkan tiga mikroorganisma.

Kelaskan mikroorganisma di atas kepada unisel dan multisel dengan menyatakan

namanya.

(3 markah)(b)

Apa jua bentuk senaman yang dilakukan, ia memberi kesan kepada kesihatan dan

kesejahteraan tubuh. Tidak kiralah menari, mengangkat bebanan di gimnasium,

Mikroorganisma

Multiselnisel

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aerobik atau senaman berasaskan seni mempertahankan diri, semuanya dapat

membantu menggerakkan otot tubuh dan meningkatkan ke!ergasan diri.(i) "yatakan satu sistem badan manusia yang terlibat dalam akti#iti ini.

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( % markah)(ii) &istem badan manusia saling berkaitan antara satu dengan yang lain. 'elaskan satu

sistem badan yang berkaitan dengan sistem yang dinyatakan dalam (i)

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( markah)

&A*A"

+su pengklonan merupakan salah satu isu yang begitu giat dibin!angkan oleh para

saintis barat ketika ini. +su ini semakin giat dibin!angkan apabila kemajuan sains dan

teknologi telah meningkatkan kemajuan dalam bidang sains genetik. saha

pengklonan pertama kali dilakukan oleh ahli embriologi &!otland, +an ilmut

menghasilkan kambing biri-biri bernama olly. /al ini telah menyebabkan saintis-

saintis dalam bidang ginetik mulai ter0ikir untuk membangunkan pengklonan

manusia pula. Apabila isu ini semakin giat dibin!angkan telah menyebabkan isu ini

berubah kepada isu yang melibatkan etika.

(a) Apakah akan terjadi sekiranya pengklonan organisma1 organ1 tisu tidak dikawal2

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( markah)(b) Apakah akan terjadi kepada manusia sekiranya satu organ tidak dapat ber0ungsi

dengan baik

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$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

( markah)

(c) Apakah kemungkinan yang akan berlaku sekiranya terdapat dua manusia yang sama

si0at 0iikalnya dari dua negara yang berbea2

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$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

( markah)

&A*A" 3(a) "yatakan sama ada setiap pernyataan yang berikut adalah 4enar atau 5alsu.

(i)

(ii)

(iii

)

Kloroplas, nukleus dan #akuol ialah tisu.rgan terbentuk dari beb!rapa jenis tisu yang

bekerjasama untuk melaksanakan suatu 0ungsi tertentu.

&el darah merah adalah 6spe!ialised !ells6 yang terdapat

dalam badan manusia. &el-sel ini menyerap air dari

persekitaran.

( 3markah)

(b) Kawan anda melukis satu sel haiwan sep!rti yang ditunjukkan dalam rajah di bawah.

Adakah anda setuju dengan apa yang dilukis2 'elaskan kepada kawan anda struktur

sel haiwan dan bagaimana ia berbea daripada sel tumbuhan

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( 3 markah)

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&A*A" 7

Rajah di bawah menunjukkan beberapa sel dalam badan manusia. &el-sel ini

mempunyai 0ungsi yang tertentu.

(a) "amakan sel-sel yang berikut.

58 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 9 8 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

( markah)(b) :adangkan dua !ara di mana sel 5, 9, R dan & boleh dikelaskan.

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( markah)(c) 9 dan & adalah sel-sel dalam sistem manusia.

(i) "amakan sistem itu

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( % markah)

(ii) "amakan dua organ yang lain dalam sistem yang dinyata!an di (!) (i)

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$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

( markah)

(d) Mat kelihatan pu!at. ia merasa pening dan letih. &imptom lain yang dialaminya

ialah kadar denyutan jantung yang !epat dan sukar berna0as. Menurut doktor, Mat

mempunyai bilangan sel darah merah yang rendah. Terangkan bagaimana bilangan

sel darah merah yang rendah boleh menyebabkan simptom-simptom tersebut.

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$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

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( 3 markah)

&A*A" ;(a) Rajah di bawah menunjukkan beberapa organisma seni yang biasa terdapat di dalam

kolam.

(i) "yatakan satu !iri bagi setiap organisma.

R 8 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

& 8 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

T 8 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

8 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

( 7 markah)

(ii)"yatakan satu !iri yang boleh digunakan untuk mengelaskan organisma-organismaini.

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( % markah)

(b) 4erdasarkan !iri yang dinyatakan di (a)(ii), kelaskan organisma-organisma ini.

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( markah)

(c) &eorang petani menggunakan banyak baja di ladangnya. Terangkan kesan

tindakannya ke atas pertumbuhan organisma T dan di dalam kolam itu.

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( 3 markah)

&A*A"

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( 3 markah)

&A*A" ?

Rajah di bawah menunjukkan dua jenis sel yang terdapat dalam badan manusia.

(a) "amakan jenis sel di atas

@ markah

. @ markah

@ marka

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( % markah)(b) "amakan sel dan sel B.

8 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ B 8 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

( markah)

(c) "yatakan satu !iri bagi sel dan sel B

8 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

B 8 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

( markah)

(d) Apakah yang akan berlaku jika sel B tidak dihasilkan dalam badan manusia2

'elaskan.

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$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

( markah)

&A*A" C(a) *engkapkan urutan dalam organisasi sel yang berikut mengikut urutan daripada

mudah ke kompleks

( 3 markah)

(b) Manusia dianggap sebagai organisma yang kompleks. 'elaskan

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(3 markah)