Laporan Uji Molekul Hayati

7/23/2019 Laporan Uji Molekul Hayati

1/22

MNUKZNF UZNAPDASH

ADHDN INZHN\D @N\NZ

D. Fkhkr Ucrlkjnnf ? YDDDDD. Fnhn Ucrlkjnnf ? Sod Hkmcaum Bnyntd

DDD. Puounf Ucrlkjnnf ?>. Hcfgcfnm sdint-sdint idsdan `nf adhdn hkmcaum anrjkbd`rnt, prktcdf, `nf mchna.. Hcfgbujufganf rcnasd anrjkbd rnt `cfgnf struaturfyn.!. Hcmnauanf uod sc`crbnfn tcrbn`np hkmcaum bnyntd.

DY. @nsnr Pckrd

"nrjkbd`rnt hcrupnanf scfyn#n anrjkf ynfg jnfyna `douhpnd `dnmnh, tcrutnhn

scjngnd pcfyusuf utnhn onrdfgnf tuhjub-tuhjubnf. $nhn mndf anrjkbd`rnt n`nmnb

snanrd`n %jcrnsnm `nrd &nbnsn mntdf sn''bnruh ( gumn). *cfyn#n anrjkbd`rnt n`nmnb

pkmdbd`rkasd nm`cbd`n ntnu pkmdbd`rkasd actkf ynfg hcfgnf`ufg ufsur anrjkf %+),bd`rkgcf %B), `nf kasdgcf %) `cfgnf ruhus chpdrds tktnm %+B)f. "nrjbd`rnt

pnmdfg sc`crbnfn n`nmnb hkfksnanrd`n `dnftnrnfyn gmuaksn ynfg hchpufynu ruhus

hkmcaum +B>%csscf`cf `nf csscf`cf, >/5).

"nrjkbd rnt hcrupnanf scfyn#n ynfg tcrjcftua `nrd hkmcaum anrjkf, bd`rkgcf

`nf kasdgcf. *cjngnd snmnb sntu ocfds nt gdd iufgsd utnhn anrjkbd`rnt n`nmnb

pcfgbnsdm cfcrgd `d`nmnh tujub. :dnp > grnh anrjkbd`rnt ynfg `dakfsuhsd nanf

hcfgbnsdmanf cfcrgd scjcsnr < aanm `nf cfcrgd bnsdm prkscs kasd`nsd %pchjnanrnf)anrjkbd`rnt dfd achu`dnf nanf `dgufnanf kmcb tujub uftua hcfonmnfanf jcrjngnd

natd0dtns scpcrtd jcacron `nf kmnbrngn %Drn#nf, 339).

"nrjkbd`rnt snmnb sntu jnbnf ynfg snfgnt `dpcrmuanf tujub hnfusdn bc#nf, `nf

tuhjubnf `d snhpdfg mchna `nf prktcdf. *cfyn#n dfd `nmnh onrdfgnf hcrupnanf

'n`nfgnf hnanfnf ntnu cfcrgd ynfg `dsdhpnf `nmnh scm. *cjngdnf jcsnr anrjkbd`rnt

ynfg `dtchuanf `d nmnh tcr`npnt scjngnd pkmdsnanrd`n `cfgnf jcrnt hkmcaum tdfggd.

&cjcrnpn pkmdsnanrd`n jcriufgsd scjngnd jcftua pcfydhpnfnf jngd hkfksnanrd`n,

sc`nfganf ynfg mndf scjngnd pcfyusuf struatur `d `nmnh `df`dfg scm `nf onrdfgnf

pcfgdant %Bnrt, >/5!).

7n`n tuhjubnf, anrjkbd`rnt `dsdftcsds `nrd + `nf B hcmnud prkscs

iktksdftcsds `nmnh scm jcramkrkidm `cfgnf jnftunf sdfnr hntnbnrd. "nrjkbd`rnt ynfg

`dbnsdmanf hcrupnanf 'n`nfgnf hnanfnf ynfg `dsdhpnf `nmnh nanr,jntnfg `nf jdod


2/22

scjngnd pntd %nhdmuh). "nrjkbd`rnt `nmnh tujub hnfusdn `nf bc#nf `djcftua `nrd

jcjrnpn nsnh nhdfk, gmdscrkm, mchna `nf scjngdnf jcsnr `dpcrkmcb `nrd hnanfnf ynfg

jcrnsnm `nrd tuhjub-tuhjubnf. "nrjkbd`rnt `nmnh scm tujub `dsdhpnf `nmnh bntd `nf

onrdfgnf ktkt `nmnh jcftua gmdakgcf %7dfc, >/55).2nrd ruhus anrjkbd`rnt `npnf `dactnbud jnb#n scfyn#n dfd hcrupnanf suntu

pkmdhcr ynfg tcrsusuf ntns hkfkhcr-hkfkhcr. &cr`nsnranf hkfkhcr ynfg

hcfyusuffyn, anrjkbd rnt `djc`nanf hcfon d ! gkmkfgnf, yndtu hkfksnanrd`n,

kmdgksnanrd`n, pkmdsnanrd`n.

Hkfksnanrd`n hcrupnanf anrjkbd`rnt pnmdfg sc`crbnfn ynfg td`na `npnt `d

bd`rkmdsds hcfon`d anrjkbd`rnt mndf. &cftua dfd `djc`nanf achjnmd hcfurut ouhmnb

ntkh + ynfg `dhdmdad `nf scjngnd nm`ksn ntnu actksn. Hkfksnanrd`n ynfg tcrpcftdfgn`nmnb gmuaksn, gnmnatksn, iruatksn. +kftkb mndffyn tcr'nftuh `nmnh tnjcm.

Hkfksnanrd`n Zuhus hkcau N`ksn Ac!ksn

:rdtksn +!B! 4mdscrksn 2dbd`rkasd nsctkf:ctrksn +31 =djksn =djumksnBcasksn +B> 4muaksn ruatksn

mdgksnanrd`n hcrupnanf anrjkbd`rnt ynfg tcrsusuf `nrd `un snhpnd scpumub

sntunf hkfksnanrd`n. mdgksnanrd`n ynfg uhuh n`nmnb `dsnanrd`n ynfg tcr`drd `nrd

`un sntunf hkfksnanrd`n `nf `npnt tcrbd`rkmdsds hcfon`d hkfksnanrd`n. +kftkb ?suarksn, hnmtksn `nf mnatksn.

7kmdsnanrd n hcrupnanf anrjkbd rnt ynfg tcrsusuf mcjdb `nrd scpumub sntunf

hkfksnanrd`n `nf `npnt jcrnftnd murus ntnu jcr'njnfg. 7kmdsnanrd`n `npnt `dbd`rkmdsds

kmcb nsnh ntnu cfdh tcrtcftu ynfg acronfyn spcsdida. Bd`rkmdsds scjngdnf

pkmdsnanrd`n hcfgbnsdmanf kmdgksnanrd`n `nf `npnt `dgufnanf uftua hcfcftuanf

struatur hkmcaum pkmdsnand n. +kftkb ? nhdmuh, `castrdf, gmdakgcf `nf scmumksn

%=dn#nf, >//3).7n`n uhuhfyn anrjkbd`rnt jcrupn scrjua putdb ynfg hchpufynd sdint suanr

mnrut `nmnh pcmnrut fkfpkmnr, tctnpd hu`nb mnrut `nmnh ndr, ac'unmd pkmdsnanrd`n

jcrsdint td`na mnrut `nmnh ndr. 8hdmuh `cfgnf ndr `dfgdf nanf hchjcftua suspcfsc

`nf jdmn `dpnfnsanf nanf tcrjcftua pchjcsnrnf jcrupn pnstn `nf jdmn `d`dfgdfanf


3/22

nanf hchjcftua akmkd` ynfg acftnm schn'nh gcm. *uspcfsd nhdmuh nanf

hchjcrdanf #nrfn jdru `cfgnf mnrutnf dk`duh. Bnm dfd `npnt `dgufnanf uftua

hcfgd`cftdidansd n`nfyn nhdmuh `nmnh suntu jnbnf. Bd`rkmdsds schpurfn nhdmuh

kmcb nsnfn tnu cfdh nanf hcfgbnsdmanf gmuaksn %*yuard, >///).*chun ocfds anrjkbd`rnt, jnda hkfksnanrd`n `dsnanrd`n hnupuf pkmdsnanrd`n

nanf jcr#nrfn hcrnb-ufgu jdmn mnrutnffyn `d'nhpur jcjcrnpn tctcs 6-fnitkm `nmnh

nmakbkm `nf `dtnhjnbanf nsnh sumint pcant scbdfggn td`na jcr'nhpur. ;nrfn ufgu

nanf tnhpna pn`n jd`nfg ntns acùn 'ndrnf. *dint dfd `dpnand scjngnd `nsnr uod

aunmdtntdi n`nfyn anrjkbd`rnt `nmnh suntu jnbnf ynfg `dacfnm `cfgnf Sod hkmds'b.

Hkfksnanrd`n `nf `dsnanrd`n hchdmdad rnsn hnfds, scbdfggn scrdfg `dscjut gumn. =nsn

hnfds `nrd gumn `dscjnjanf kmcb gugus bd`rkasdmfyn. "cjnfynanf hkfksnanrd`n `nf`dsnanrd`n, ac'unm suarksn n`nmnb gumn pcrcùasd. *dint hcrcùasd `dscjnjanf kmcb

n`nfyn gugus nm`cbd` ntnu actkf jcjns `nmnh hkmcaumfyn. Enrutnf gumn jcrcnasd

pksdtdi `cfgnf pcrcnasd icbmdfg, pcrcnasd tkmmcfs, hnupuf pcrnasd jcfc`d't.

*cjnmdafyn, acjnfynanf pkmdsnanrd`n n`nmnb gumn fkfpcrcùasd %;dmjrnbnh, >//).

2nmnh dmhu adhdn, mdpd`n tcrgkmkfg scfyn#n krgnfda ynfg tcr`drd ntns ufsur

anrjkf bd`rkgcf, `nf kasdgcf. &cjcrnpn mdpd`n hcfgnfùfg nt mndf scpcrtd iksikr,

fdtrkgcf, anrjkbd`rnt ntnu prktcdf. Hcfurut struatur adhdnfyn mchna tcr`drd ntns

gmdscrkm `nf nsnh mchna.8snh mchna hcrupnanf jngdnf tcrjcsnr `nrd mdpd n. Edpd`n

nmnhd uhuhfyn hcfgnfùfg tdgn nsnh mchna ynfg jcrjc`n %Drdnftk, 33/).

Ydtnhdf mnrut mchna sc'nrn adhdn#d scjctumfyn tcrhnsua gkmkfgnf mdpd`n.

"mnsdidansd mdpd`n hcfurut iufgsd jdkmkgdfyn `nmnh tujub, yndtu mchna sdhpnfnf `nf

mchna struaturnm. Echna sdhpnfnf ynfg tcrutnhn tcr drd ntns trdgmdscrd`n `nf

`dsdhpnf `nmnh `cpkt-`cpkt `d`nmnh onrdfgnf tuhjub-tuhjubnf `nf bc#nf. Echna

dfd hcrupnanf sdhpnfnf cfcrgd pnmdfg utnhn `d`nmnh tujub `nf `d`nmnh bc#nf

`dsnhpdfg dtu hcrupnanf suhjcr nt gdd csscfsdnm. Echna struaturnm ynfg tcrutnhntcr`drd ntns iksikmd`n `nf akmcstcrkm. 2d `nmnh onrdfgnf mufna mchna struaturnm dfd

scsu`nb prktcdf hcrupnanf dantnf struaturnm pnmdfg tdfggd `d`nmnh tujub.

Edpd` jcriufgsd scjngnd suhjcr nsnh mchna cscfsdnm nsnh mdfkmcnt `nf mdfkmcnt.

Echna hcfgnfùfg 0dtnhdf mnrut mchna tcrtcftu. Echna susu `nf hdfyna danf mnut


4/22

tcrtcftu hcfgnfùfg 0dtnhdf 8 `nf 2 `nmnh ouhmnb jcrnrtd. Bnhpdr schun hdfyna

fnjntd hcrupnanf suhjcr 0dtnhdf . Hdfyna acmnpn sn#dt hcfgnfùfg jnfyna

anrktcfkd` %prk0dtnhdf 8). Echna hchjnftu trnfspkrtnsd `nf njskrjs 0dtnhdf mchna

yndtu 8, 2, , `nf " %8mhntsdcr, 3>3).Hkmcaum n`nmnb suntu ngrcgnt %auhpumnf) ynfg tcr`drd `nrd sc`dadtfyn ùn ntkh

`nmnh susufnf tcrtcftu ynfg tcrdant jcrsnhn kmcb gnyn-gnyn adhdn %`dscjut ougn

dantnf adhdn). *untu hkmcaum `npnt hcfggnfùfg ntkh-ntkh `nrd ufsur ynfg

jcrgnjufg `nmnh pcrjnf`dfgnf tcrtcftu, scsund `cfgnf buauh pcrjnf`dfgnf tctnp.

Buauh pcrjnf`dfgnf tctnp %mn# ki `cidfdtc prkpkrtdkf) 7rkust hcfyntnanf jnb#n

snhpcm-snhpcm ynfg jcrjc`n `nrd scfyn#n ynfg snhn scmnmu hcfggnfùfg ufsur-

ufsur pcfyusuffyn `cfgnf pcrjnf`dfgnf hnssn ynfg snhn. Nn`d, suntu hkmcaumtd`na bnrus jcrupn scfyn#n ynfg jcr`nsnranf `cidfdsd, tcrjcftua `nrd ùn ntnu mcjdb

ufsur. Hdsnmfyn, gns bd`rkgcf n`nmnb suntu ufsur hurfd, tctnpd tcr`drd ntns hkmcaum-

hkmcaum ynfg hnsdfg-hnsdfg hcfggnfùfg bd`rkgcf `nf kasdgcf `cfgnf

pcrjnf`dfgnf ùn ntkh B `nf sntu bnmfyn ntkh . *cpcrtd bnmfyn ntkh, hkmcaum

td`na jcrhuntnf mdstrda %+bnfg, 33


5/22

"nrjkbd`rnt `d`cidfdsdanf sc'nrn uhuh scjngnd scfyn#n `cfgnf ruhus hkmcaum

+f%B)f. "nrjkbd`rnt n`nmnb turufnf nm`cbd` ntnu actkf `nrd nmakbkm pkmdbd`rkasd

ntnu scfyn#n turufnf scjngnd bnsdm bd`rkmdsds scfyn#n akhpmcas %4drdf`n, >/5) .

"nrjkbd`rnt tcr`d`d `nrd ! acmkhpka, yndtu J hkfksnanrd`n, kmdgksnanrd`n, `nfpkmdsnanrd`n. Hkfksnanrd`n hcrupnanf anrjkbd`rnt pnmdfg sc`crbnfn. mdgksnanrd`n

hcrupnanf scfyn#n `dbd`rkmdsds hcfgbnsdmanf snhpnd gumn hkfksnanrd`n.

*c`nfganf pkmdsnanrd`n hcrupnanf hkfkhcr-hkfkhcr jcrnsnm `nrd hkfksnanrd`n.

+kftkb uhuh `nrd actdgn acmkhpka anrjkbd`rnt tcrscjut n`nmnb gmuaksn %`nmnh

hnù), suarksn %`nmnh tcju) `nf nhdmksn %`nmnh jcrns).

*chun hkfksnanrd`n `nf `dsnanrd`n, scrtn jcjcrnpn pkmdsnanrd`n mnrut `nmnh ndr,

tctnpd td`na mnrut `nmnh pcmnrut krgnfda. "nrjkbd`rnt ynfg pn`n bnadantfyn n`nmnbpkmdnmakbkm, hchjcftua dantnf bd`rkgcf `cfgnf ndr. *dint adhdn anrjkbd`rnt

jcrbujufgnf `cfgnf gugus iufgsd ynfg tcr`npnt pn`n hkmcaumfyn, yndtu gugus LB,

gugus nm`cbd` `nf gugus actkf %7kcòdn`d, 331).

*chun hkfksnanrd n `nf acjnfynanf `dsnanrd n hcrcùasd scfyn#n

pcfgkasd`n mchnb scpcrtd +u `nmnh pcrcnasd icbmdfg. "nrjkbd`rnt scpcrtd dfd `dscjut

gumn pcrcùasd. 8gnr `npnt jcriufgsd scjngnd gumn pcrcùasd, suntu anrjkbd`rnt bnrus

hchpufynd gugus iufgsd scjngnd nm`cbd`n ntnu gugus iufgsd bchdnsctnm ynfg `npnt

hchjuan scjngnd nm`cbd`n. 2nrd actdgn jcftua gmuaksn, bnfyn jcftua rnftnd tcrjuan

%nsdamda) ynfg `dkasd`nsd kmcb pcrcnasd icbmdfg.

Bd`rkmdsds dantnf nsctnm pn`n `dsnanrd`n hcfgbnsdmanf hkfksnanrd`n. Bd`rkmdsds

pkmdsnanrd`n scpcrtd nhdmksn, `nf nhdmkpcatdf jcrmnfgsufg jcrtnbnp `nf hchjcrdanf

prkùa. 7chutusnf schun dantnf nsctnm %bd`rkmdsds schpurfn) hcfgbnsdmanf bnfyn

gmuaksn.Bd`rkmdsds pcrsdnm pn`n dantnf sc'nrn n'na hcfgbnsdmanf hkmcaum pntd ynfg

mcjdb ac'dm ynfg `dscjut `castrdf `nf sc`dadt hnmtksn. Hkmcaum hnmtksn `dbnsdmanf

npnjdmn n`n datnf nsctnm nftnrn ùn ufdt gmuaksn.*cpcrtd bnmfyn nmakbkm, anrjkbd`rnt hcfonmnfd rcnasd `cbd`rnsd odan n`n nsnh

sumint pcant. 7rkùa utnhn anrjkbd`rnt n`nmnb anrjk`dkasd`n, bd`rkgcf hcmnf, nsnh

mchna rnftnd pcf`ca ynfg hu`nb hcfgunp. "nrjkbd`rnt tcrbd`rkmdsds kmcb cfdh `nf


6/22

kmcb anrcfnfyn pcf'crfnnf anrjkbd rnt `dkjscr0nsd scjngnd hkfksnanrd n, `d`nmnh

bntd, iruatksn `nf gmuaksn `dujnb hcfon`d gmuaksn.

"nrjkbd rnt %hkfksnanrd`n) ynfg pcfyusuf utnhnfyn n`nmnb gmuaksn, mnmu

`dkasd nsd hcfon d + `nf B, achu`dnf `dujnb hcfon`d hkfksnanrd`n,`dsnanrd`n, pkmdgksnanrd`n, actdgnfyn `dscjut Bcasksn.

7ntd tcr`drd `nrd 'nhpurnf nhdmksn `nf nhdmkpcatdf. 8hdmksn rcnasd `cfgnf dk`,

> hcfgbnsdmnanf akhpmcas jdru-bdtnh ynfg tnonh, sc`nfganf nhdmkpcatdf `nf dk`

hchjcftua akhpmcas hcrnb-ufgu. 2dpcrmuanf hkmcaum pntd ynfg jcsnr uftua

hchjcftua akhpmcas dfd. Bnsdm bd`rkmdsds pnrsdnm pn`n hkmcaum pntd, nftnrn mndf

`castrdf, td`na hcfonmnfd rcnasd dfd.

7rktcdf hcrupnanf scfyn#n pcftdfg hcfyusuf scm bdùp.*cfyn#n dfd tcr`npntpn`n schun onrdfgnf bdùp jnda tuhjubnf. ufgsd prktcdf snfgnt jcrngnh nftnrn mndf

scjngnd pchjnfguf, pcfgntur, pcrtnbnfnf `nf scjngnd suhjcr cfcrgd. 2nmnh jnbnsn

@ufnfd prktcdf jcrnrtd Cpcfgdant sntuI `nf Cynfg utnhnI. 8snh nhdfk n`nmnb sntu

gkmkfgnf scfyn#n anrjkf ynfg sctd`nafyn hcfgnfùfg sntu anrjkasdm %-+B) `nf

sntu gugusnf nhdfk.

Sod hdmmmkf `dgufnanf uftua hcfcftuanf mnrutnf jcfcfc. Sod hdmmkf, `cfgnf

pcr'kjnnf hdmmkf nmjuhdn jcrmnfgsufg pksdtdi, anrcdf ougn pksdtdi, tctnpd uftua

gnmcrdf fcgntdi, odan hufgadf pksdtdi nanf jcrsdint mchnb scanmd, gnmcrdf

hcfggnfùfg sc`dadt scanmd tdrksdf %*rd, >//3).

Y. Nn! nf "n#nf

8mnt ? - :njufg =cnasd- 7dpct tctcs


7/22

- 4cmns jcacr- 4cmns uaur- &ufscf-7cfngns ndr

&nbnf ? - Enrutnf 4muaksn G- Enrutnf *uarksn G- Enrutnf iruatksn G- Enrutnf nhdmuh G- =cngcf hkmds'b %>3G 6-fnptbkm `nmnh ctnfkm)- 8snh *umint pcant- 8un`cs- cbmdfg 8 `nf cbmdfg &- 7utdb :cmur- *usu- Hn`u

- :chjngn %DD) *umint 3,331 H- $ntrduh Bd`rkasd`n >3 H- 8snh *umint pcant- $dfbd rdf- Hdfyna $njntd- 4mdscrkm- "nmduh Bd`rkgcf *umint pn`nt

YD. Urksc`ur Ucrlkjnnf

8. Sod "nrjkbd`rnt>. Sod Hkmds'b

< tnjufg rcnasd `dtnhjnbanf pn`n

hnsdfg-hnsdfg tnjufg

hE mnrutnf gmuaksn G, hE mnrutnf iruatksn, hE mnrutnf suarksn, hE mnrutnf nhdmuh

`dtctcsd

tctcs rcngcf hkmds'b


8/22

`dhnsuaanf

hE B*< `dnhntd

7crujnbnf #nrfn

. Sod cbmdfg:njufg rcnasd < hE ndr sumdfg

`dtnhjnbanf

> hE cbmdfg 8 `nf cbmdfg &

`d'nhpur, djngd hcfon`d !tnjufg, `dtnhjnbanf

hE gmuaksn, suarksn, nhdmuh

2dpnfnsanf

*ubu 3O+, scmnhn >3 hcfdt

`dnhntd

7crujnbnf #nrfn

&. Sod 7rktcdf `nf 8snh 8hdfk>. Sod &durct

hE snhpcm putdb tcmur, susu, hn`u

1 tctcs mnrutnf +u*3 H

7crujnbnf #nrfn

. Sod Anftkprktcdf


9/22

3,1 hE snhpcm putdb tcmur, susu, tcmur

`dtnhjnbanf

3,1 hE B$!pcant `dnhntd

7crujnbnf #nrfn

`dtnhjnbanf

$nB bdfggn nmanmds

`dnhntd

7crujnbnf #nrfn

!. Sod $dfbd rdf > hE snhpcm putdb tcmur, susu, hn`u

`dtnhjnbanf

1 tctcs $dfbd`rdf

`d`d`dbanf scmnhn hcfdt

7crujnbnf #nrfn

+. Sod EchnaSod "nrktcf

tnjufg rcnasd pyrcM

`dtnhjnbanf

1 tctcs hdfyna fnjntd pn`n tnjufg >,1 tctcs gmdscrkm pn`n tnjufg

`dtnhjnbanf

7n`ntnf anmduh bd`rkgcf sumint&kjkt ynfg snhn

`dpnfnsanf, `djnud, `d'ntnt, `nf `djnf`dfganf


10/22

&nu nmrkmcf `nrd gmdscrkm hnupuf hdfyna fnjntd

YDD. Ucr!nf$nnf Urn%Urna!ca

>. &nf`dfganf struatur gmuaksn `nf iruatksn.Nn#nj ?4muaksn `nf iruatksn hcrupnanf hkfksnanrd n ynfg jcrdskhcr iufgsd

tctnpdgmuaksn hcrupnanf nm`ksn yndtu hkfksnanrd`n ynfg hcfgnf`ufggugusnm`cbd`n, sc`nfganf iruatksn n`nmnb gugus actksc, yndtu

hkfksnanrd`n jcrgugus actkf *truatur 4muaksn B B B B B FF F F F F FB L + L + L + L + L + L +B F F F F

B B B B *truatur ruatksnB B B B B F FF F F F F+BL + L + L + L + L +B F F F B B B

. 8pn ynfg `dhnasu` dantnf pcptd`c KNn#nj ?Dantnf pcptd`c n`nmnb dantnf nftnrn gugus nhdfk `cfgnf ynfg mndffyn, ntnu

dantnf `nr gugus-gugus L + L nsnh nhdfk pcrtnhn `cfgnf L $B L nsnh nhdfk

ynfg mndf*truatur dantnf pcptd`c= L + L $B FF

!. :umds nsnh nhdfk cscfsdnm jcscrtn ruhusfyn.


11/22

Nn#nj ?8snh nhdfk cscfsdnm ? nsnh nhdfk ynfg td`na `npnt `dsdftcsds kmcb tujub.L Ecusdf %Ecu) +B!

FB!+ L +B L +BL +B L +B F

$B!- cfdmnmndf %7bc)

+BL +B L +B F

$B- Hctdkfdf %Hc)+B!L * L +B L +B L +B

F $B

YDDD. @n!n &nsd Ucf'nhn!nf

8."nrjkbd`rnt

>.Sod hkmds'b

(n! )nf' @duod \cjcuh \csu`n#

4muaksn &cfdfg &cfdfg*uarksn &cfdfg &cfdfgruatksn &cfdfg &cfdfg8hdmuh 7utdb "crub 7utdb "crub

.Sod cbmdfg


12/22


4muaksn &dru 2kfgacr Hcrnb &ntn*uarksn &dru 2kfgacr &dru Hu`n8hdmuh &dru 2kfgacr &dru Hu`n

&.7rktcdf nf 8snh 8hdfk

>.Sod &durct


*usu 7utdb "crub *c`dadt Sfgu7utdb :cmur 7utdb SfguHnù "ufdfg Hu`n rnfgc :un

.Sod $dfbd`rdf


*usu 7utdb Sfgu Hu`n7utdb :cmur 7utdb Sfgu 7cantHnù "ufdfg Sfgu "cbdtnhnf

!.Sod Anftkprktcdf


*usu 7utdb "ufdfg7utdb :cmur 7utdb Hcrnb &ntnHnù "ufdfg Hu`n Hcrnb &ntn

+.Sod Echna

Sod "nrktcf


Hdfyna $njntd &nu fna &nu :cfgda Hcfycfgnt4mdscrkm &nu fna &nu :cfgda :d`na

Hcfycfgnt


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D*. Zcnasd

8. Sod "nrjkbd`rnt>. Sod Hkmds'b

U

B*


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^

. Sod cbmdfg

+u^ +u

+B

B +B

B B B B B

B B B B

B B +u ^ B B +u

B B B B

+BB +BB

&. Sod 7rktcdf `nf 8snh 8hdfk

>. Sod &durct U U

= Z +B Z + Z B $B Z +B Z + Z B +u*


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= Z B = Z B \ \ B Z + Z $ B Z + Z $ \ \

B Z B Z + U U

+u $n*


16/22

+. Sod EchnaSod "nrktcf

+BB +B \ \

+B Z B "B*< B +B\ \+BB + P

\ B

%4mdscrkm) %8arkmnf)

U+BZ Z + Z %+B)!Z +B Z +B Z %+B)9Z +B!

U+BZ Z + Z %+B)!Z +B Z +B Z %+B)9Z +B!

U+BZ Z + Z %+B)!Z +B Z +B Z %+B)9Z +B!

U+BZ Z + Z %+B)!Z +B Z +B Z %+B)9Z +B!


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*. Uchjn#nsnf

7n`n 7cr'kjnnf dfd prnatdanf `dbnrnpanf hnhpu hcfgctnbud `nf

hcf`csardpsdanf npn dtu anrjkbd rnt, prktcdf,`nf mchna. "nrjkbd`rnt `d`cidfdsdanf

scjngnd suhjcr cfcrgd utnhn ynfg `dgufnanf `nmnh hctnjkmdshc tujub scrtn ougn

jcriufgsd scjngnd 'n`nfgnf hnanfnf. "nrjkbd`rnt `djngd hcfon`d chpnt hn'nh,

`dnftnrnfyn? hkfksnanrd`n, `dsnanrd`n, pkmdsnanrd`n, `nf kmdgksnanrd`n. 7chjngdnf

anrjkbd`rnt dfd `d`nsnranf `nrd ouhmnb `nf jcftua hkmcaum ynfg tcr`npnt `nmnh

anrjkbd`rnt tcrscjut. 2d `nmnh anrjkbd`rnt tcr npnt pcfgbujufg nftnr hkfksnanrd`n

ynfg sntu `cfgnf hkfksnard`n mndffyn ynfg `d`cidfdsdanf scjngnd dantnf gmdkasd`n.

*untu scfyn#n adhdn ynfg hcfgnf`ufg ufsur-ufsur "nrjkf ,Bd rkgcf,

asdgcf ,$dtrkgcf% an`nfg *umiur `nf mkr) `d`cidfdsdanf scjngnd prktcdf. 7rktcdf

tcrsusuf ntns nsnh nhdfk ynfg `dbujufganf kmcb dantnf pcptd`n. *cfyn#n pcptd`n dfd

tcrjcftua anrcfn n`nfyn akf`cfsnsd nsnh nhdfk. 8snh nhdfk `djngd ac`nmnh `un

ocfds, `dnftnrnfyn? nsnh nhdfk cscfsdnm `nf nsnh nhdfk fkf cscfsdnm. 8snh nhdfk

ynfg td na `npnt `dsdftcsds kmcb tujub `d`csardpsdanf scjngnd nsnh nhdfkcscfsdnm.&cjcrnpn 'kftkb nsnh nhdfk cscfsdnm, `dnftnrnfyn? 0nmdf, mcusdf, dskmcusdf,

trckfdf, hctdkfdf, mdsdf, icfdmnmnfdf, nrgdfdf, bdstd`df, trdptkinf. *c`nfganf nsnh

nhdfk fkf cscfsdnm `npnt `dsdftcsds `d `nmnh tujub `nf ougn `npnt jcrnsnm `nrd

hnanfnf tcrtcftu. &cjcrnpn ocfds nsnh nhdfk fkf cscsfsdnm, `dnftnrnfyn? gmdsdf,


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nmnfdf, scrdf, sdstcdf, nsnh nspnrtnt, nsnh gmutnhnt, tdrksdf, prkmdf, nspnrngdf,

gmutnhdf.

Echna `nf hdfyna `npnt `djc`nanf, ynfg hchjc`nanf mchna `cfgnf

hdfyna yndtu mchna td`na mnrut `nmnh ndr fnhuf mnrut `d `nmnh scfyn#n krgnfda.*c`nfganf hdfyna `d`cidfdsdanf nt ynfg `dpcrkmcb `nrd suntu prkscs ynfg `dscjut

mchna fnjntd. :dtda mcjur mchna jcrgnftufg pn`n ocfds nsnh mchnafyn, hu`nb

hcfycrnp jnu, `npnt tcrbd`rkmdsds `cfgnf jnsn hchjcftua snjuf `nf gmdscrkm.

&cr`nsnranf tdfgant acocfubnffyn, mchna `djc`nanf hcfon`d mchna ocfub `nf mchna

tna ocfub. Echna ocfub `d`csardpsdanf scjngnd mchna ynfg td`na hchpufynd dantnf

rnfganp `nmnh struaturfyn. *c`nfganf mchna tna ocfub `d`cidfdsdanf scjngnd mchna

ynfg td`na hchpufynd dantnf rnfganp `nmnh struatur adhdnfyn.2d `nmnh rcnasd jdurct, tchjngn %DD) sumint `dtnhjnb sk`duh bd`rkasd`n nanf

hchjcftua #nrfn hcrnb hu`n bdfggn 0dkmct. =cnasd `nrd fdfbd`rdf nanf hchjcftua

mnrutnf ynfg jcr#nrfn ufgu jdru, yndtu bnsdm nabdrfyn nsnh nhdfk. 2d `nmnh rcnasd

Mnftkprktcdf, pcfnhjnbnf nsnh fdtrnt hnan nanf tcrjcftua guhpnmnf putdb. 7n`n

rcnasd hkmdsb, anrjkf ynfg tcrjcftua `cfgnf nmin-fnitkm `nmnh nmakbkm `nf sk`duh

bd`rkasd`n ynfg hcfdfgantanf #nrfn. =cnasd icbmdfg nanf hchjcftua cf`npnf

hcrnb jntn.

Sod mchna bnfyn hchdmdad sntu ocfds uod rcnasd `nf bnfyn hcmdjntanf gmdscrkm

`nf hdfyna fnjntd scjngnd jnbnf uodfyn. Bnsdm ynfg `d`npntanf prnatdanf `nmnh

rcnasd uod dfd, sctcmnb `dpnfnsanf gmdscrkm hcfgbnsdmanf jnu tcfgda ynfg mcjdb pcant

`djnf`dfganf hdfyna fnjntd. 8fnmdsn ynfg `dgufnanf `nmnh pcr'kjnnf dfd

`d`cidfdsdanf scjngnd nfnmdsn aunmdtntdi. 8fnmdsn dfd `d`nsnranf `nrd pcfgnhntnf idsda,

pcrujnbnf #nrfn `nf jnu ynfg tcron`d.


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*D. Acsdh+unf

>. 7n`n uod mchna, sctcmnb `dpnfnsanf gmdscrkm hcfgbnsdmanf jnu tcfgda ynfg

mcjdb pcant `djnfganf hdfyna fnjntd.. 2d `nmnh rcnasd jdurct, tchjngn %DD) sumint `dtnhjnb sk duh bd`rkasd`n nanf

hchjcftua #nrfn hcrnb hu`n bdfggn 0dkmct.!. 2d `nmnh rcnasd Mnftkprktcdf, pcfnhjnbnf nsnh fdtrnt hnan nanf tcrjcftua

guhpnmnf putdb.


20/22

@NIPNZ US\PNAN

8jns. >///.Adhdn Nfkrgnfda. Nnanrtn? rmnfggn.

8mhntsdcr. 3>3.Urdfsdp @nsnr Dmhu Gdzd. 4rnhc`dn 7ustnan utnhn? Nnanrtn.

+bnfg, =. 33//3. Adhdn Krgnfda.&dfn =upn 8asnrn? Nnanrtn.

*rd. >//9.Adhdn @nsnr Urdfsdp `nf #crnpnf &k`crf. Nnanrtn? rmnfggn.

*yuard. >///.Adhdn @nsnr . D:& 7rcss? &nf`ufg.

;dmjrnbnh, 8. >//.Ucfgnfnr Adhdn Krgnfda `nf n*nd.D:& 7rcss? &nf`ufg.


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,nhjnr Nn!


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Laporan Uji Molekul Hayati

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