MANUSIA PEMPROSES INFORMASI

04/11/23 muhammad nasai / human as information processors

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MANUSIA SEBAGAI PEMPROSES INFORMASISUMBER : BAB 8 (GBD )

MATA KULIAH :

SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN


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Model Umum Manusia Sebagai Pemproses Informasi

Model Newell_Simon Keterbatasan Tentatif Pada Pemprosesan

Informasi Manusia Konsep Pengakuan Dan Pembelajaran


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Karakteristik Kinerja Pemprosesan Informasi Manusia

Para Manajer Sebagai Pemproses Informasi Implikasi Dalam Desain Sistem Informasi


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Konsep Sistem

Boundary Lingkungan

Interface


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Sssssssss………t Mengapa sistem yang

saya milikitidak bisa berjalan sebagai

mana mestinya


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Komponen paling kritis dalam sistem informasi manajemen adalah interface

antara pemakai dengan sistem itu sendiri


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MODEL UMUM MANUSIA SEBAGAI PEMPROSES INFORMASI

1. Sistem Pemprosesan Informasi Manusia

2. Task Environment dan Problem Space

3. Heuristic


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1. Model Umum Manusia sebagai Pemproses Informasi

Input ChannelPemprosesan

Mental

ChannelOutput

Response

Memory

Filter


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Kinerja Manusia sebagai Pemproses Informasi

InformationOverload

Input atau stimuli

OutputAtauRespons


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Filter yang bisa dipergunakan

Frame of References masing-masing individu Normal Decision Procedure Decision Making under stress


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Manfaat Penyaringan

Blocking Unwanted dataBlock data that is inconsistent

with an frame of reference


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A. Normal Condition

B. Stress Condition


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Sistem Pemprosesan Informasi oleh Manusia


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Sistem Pemprosesan Informasi Manusia: Processor Sensory Input Motor Output Memory :

Jangka Panjang (LTM) Jangka Pendek(STM) External Memory(EM)


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receptorsProcessor

effectors

MemoryEnvironment

storage

inputOutputProcessor

Struktur Umum Suatu Pemprosesan Informasi oleh Manusia

Model Umum Sistem Pemprosesan Informasi pada komputer


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Long term memory

Internal

Short-term memory

Elementary processor

Interpreter

chalkboard Vtd Paper

outputInput

Processor

Eskternal memory


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Operasi Sistem Serial Parralel

muhammad nasai / human as information processors 1904/11/23

Data storage register Data storageData storage

registerData storage

Transfer Data

Serial Paralel


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Serial additionAdder

On pair at a time

010000

101101

1111

Carries all at once

All pairs at once


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2. Task Environment and Problem Space

Task Environment is the problem as it exist Problem Space is the way a particular

decision maker represent the task in order to work on it


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3. Heuristic

Heuristic is judgmental rules of thumb which eliminate alternatives without explaining them and thus reduce the search of space


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KETERBATASAN TENTATIV PEMPROSESAN INFORMASI MANUSIA

Keterbatasan tentative Memory Jangka Pendek Geoge A Miller

The Magical Number seven plus minus two (7+/-2)

Weber’s law Just Noticeable Differences

Pengelolaan Data Probabilistik Strategi Pemprosesan Informasi Manusia

Concreteness Anchoring and Adjusment

Human Information Processing strategis Concreteness, anchoring, adjusment


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KONSEP PENGAKUAN DAN PEMBELAJARAN

Cognition Theory Cognitive Style Left Brain - Right Brain Learning theory


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1. Cognition Theory

The activities by which an individual resolves differences between an internalized view of the environment and what actually perceived in that same environment


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2. Cognitive Style

Information Gathering Perceptive Receptive

Information Evaluation Systematic Intuitive ( Heurustic)


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Systematic Intuitive

Perceptive

ReceptiIve

Information gathering

Information Evaluation


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Words

Analytic

Sequential

Active

Realistic

Planned

Images

Intuitive

Simultaneous

Receptive

Imaginative

Impulsive

Right hemisphereLeft hemisphere

3. Left Brain-Right Brain


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4. Learning Theory

Informasi dan sistem Informasi dapat membantu manusia dalam individual Learning

Komponen Learning Process 1. Drive2. Cue ( Stimuli )3. Response4. Reinforcement

Artificial Intellegence Improve understanding of human cognition Improve the potential of the computer as a tool for

problim solving


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KARAKTERISTIK KINERJA

Kebutuhan akan Umpan Balik Nilai Psikologis Data tidak Berguna Perbedaan - Perbedaan Individu Informasi Non Verbal

04/11/23muhammad nasai / human as

information processors 31

MANAJER SEBAGAI PEMPROSES INFORMASIThe organizational position of a person may have a significant effect on a performance as a information ProcessorMany managerial decisions and enviromental context in which the decision making process take place are unstructured


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IMPLIKASI TERHADAP DESAIN SISTEM

INFORMASI


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1. Filtering

Information system should be designed to filter irrelevant data and to provide increased filtering for stress decisions. System should attempt to override undesireable frame of reference filters by reinforced display of relevant data


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2. Newell - Simon Model

Information systems should assist in defining problem space and in the search process for a solution . The information format should attempt to expand the limit of bounded rationality. Systems should utilize the user memory that is suited to the task


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3. Magical number 7 +/- 2

Codes for human use should not exceed five to seven symbols or be devided into segment of five or less. systems should not have human do significant , unaided processing. Graphics may be use to present “chunks” of data in an efficient way


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4. Just Noticable differences

Systems should highlight significant differences rather than assuming human will notice them


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5.Human as Intituitive Statisticians

The information system should provide statistical analysis data : sample variance, correlation, probability estimates, etc. Decision algorithms should provide a consistency check of various information sources. Data generation procedures should be design to assist in eliminating bias such as recency of events.


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6. Concretness

The information needed should be presented in the form needed. No added processing should be required


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7. Anchoring and Adjusment

Information and decision systems should be designed to assist in selecting a suitable anchor point and for prompting adequate adjusment from it


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8. Cognitive style : Right Brain - Left Brain

Systems should allow selection of alternatives for order of processing and form of information presentation in order to accommodate different styles


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9. Learning Theory

Systems interface should comprehesible to the novice user as well as efficient for the skilled user and should facilitate normal progression of learning


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10. Feedback

Systems should provide feedback to indicate that the data has been received , processing is taking place, etc. Response time should be such throughtput is meaningfull and errors are minimized


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11. Value of unused data

Explain some of pressure for data with no apparent utility. Suggest storage and retrieval strategies and terminal access to increase avaibility without individual storage


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12. Information Overload

Input should be kept below the overload point. System use should not involve managing or processing amount data beyond overload


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13. Individual differences

Those which are critical to system use should be identified and explicitly aaccomodated , whenever possible, through a flexible interface.


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14. Non verbal Input

System design and training in use should consider the effect of absence of nonverbal clues in electronic communication


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15. Processing timing

Managers need short burst of information processing to support their mode of operation


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16. Amount of information Compression

Information systems should present summarized data in a decision -impell format, but the system should also allow browsing through the raw data


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SEKIAN

MANUSIA PEMPROSES INFORMASI

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