NEUROMUSKULOSKLETAL
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Transcript of NEUROMUSKULOSKLETAL
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NEUROMUSKULOSKLETALNEUROMUSKULOSKLETAL
Dr. Sylvia Rahman, Dr. Sylvia Rahman, Sp.RadSp.Rad
Bagian Radiologi, Radioterapi dan RadioNuklirBagian Radiologi, Radioterapi dan RadioNuklirFakultas Kedokteran Universitas AndalasFakultas Kedokteran Universitas AndalasRSUP Dr. M. Djamil PadangRSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang
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SISTEMA SISTEMA NEURONEUROMUSKULOSKEMUSKULOSKELETAL
1.1. NeuroNeuro
2.2. Muskulus Muskulus
3.3. Tulang atau skeletal meliputi: tulang Tulang atau skeletal meliputi: tulang pendek/vertebra, jari tangan dan kaki, tulang pendek/vertebra, jari tangan dan kaki, tulang pipih/cranium, tulang panjang/extremitas atas pipih/cranium, tulang panjang/extremitas atas dan bawahdan bawah
4.4. Sendi merupakan susunan dari muskulus dan Sendi merupakan susunan dari muskulus dan tulangtulang
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Neural: sistema syaraf Muskulus: sekumpulan jaringan otot (muskulus),
terdiri dari: a. Muskulus fusiformis b. Muskulus biceps c. Muskulus biventer d. Muskulus planus e. Muskulus intersectus f. Muskulus semipennatus g. Muskulus pennatus Skeletal: kerangka tempat muskulus melekat
(insertio, origo)
Komponen Muskuloskeletal
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Komposisi tulang:
20% air, 30% bahan organik, 45% in
organik
Organik terutama protein
In organik: 85% Ca phospat dan 10,5%
Ca Carbonat radio opaq pada tulang
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Tulang terdiri dari 3 komponen, yaitu:
Kortex
Spongiosa
Periost
Yang terlihat pada roentgen: korteks & spongiosa.
Radang/neoplasma periost (iritasi) dan terangkat
reaksi periosteeal.
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LOGOStruktur Tulang
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LOGOVertebral body
Normal OsteoporosisOsteoporosis
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ANATOMI RADIOLOGIANATOMI RADIOLOGI
1.1. Articular cartilageArticular cartilage
2.2. Subarticular of epiphyseSubarticular of epiphyse
3.3. EpiphysisEpiphysis
4.4. Epiphyseal lineEpiphyseal line
5.5. MetaphysisMetaphysis
6.6. DiaphysisDiaphysis
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3.2.1.
4.
5.
6.
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Pada anak:
Tulang panjang: epifise, metafise, diafise
Pada bayi:
Epifise ossifikasi (-) tidak terlihat
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Osteoclast Osteoblast
(Bone Resorption) (Production)
Normal :
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DIAGNOSTIK MUSKULOSKELETAL
1.1. Foto polos konvensionalFoto polos konvensional
2.2. Radiography digitalRadiography digital
3.3. Tomography konvensionalTomography konvensional
4.4. Skintigrafi tulang (Bone Scintigraphy)Skintigrafi tulang (Bone Scintigraphy)
5.5. Computerized tomography (CT-Scan)Computerized tomography (CT-Scan)
6.6. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
7.7. Ultrasonography (USG)Ultrasonography (USG)
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LOGOSISTEM SKELETALSISTEM SKELETAL
EXTREMITAS:Radiografi: Posisi
Anteroposterior Posisi lateral Posisi tambahan
(k/p)
VERTEBRA:Radiografi:1. Posisi
Anteroposterior2. Posisi Lateral3. Posisi Oblik kanan
atau kiri.4. Posisi khusus
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Pemeriksaan Ro” Tulang memberi informasi :Pemeriksaan Ro” Tulang memberi informasi :
1.1. Lesi tlg & jar. Lunak sekitarnyaLesi tlg & jar. Lunak sekitarnya
2.2. Adanya fraktur/ancaman fraktur Adanya fraktur/ancaman fraktur patologispatologis
3.3. Asal/Sifat suatu lesi(jinak/ganas)Asal/Sifat suatu lesi(jinak/ganas)
4.4. Sebagai guide utk biopsiSebagai guide utk biopsi
5.5. Follow Up perjalanan penyakitFollow Up perjalanan penyakit
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Besar tulangBesar tulang
Bentuk tulangBentuk tulang
Kontur tulangKontur tulang
Densitas tulangDensitas tulang
KorteksKorteks
SpongiosaSpongiosa
Reaksi periostealReaksi periosteal
Jaringan lunak di sekitar tulangJaringan lunak di sekitar tulang
PembengkakanPembengkakan
PerkapuranPerkapuran
PenulanganPenulangan
Pemeriksaan tulang
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KELAINAN TULANG DAN SENDIKELAINAN TULANG DAN SENDI
1. Anomali perkembangan / kongenital
2. Infeksi
3. Trauma & Fraktur
4. Penyakit defisiensi tulang
5. Penyakit displasia tulang
6. Tumor tulang
7. Osteochondritis/Aseptik nekrosis
8. Penyakit2 degeneratif sendi
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1.1. ANOMALI PERKEMBANGAN ANOMALI PERKEMBANGAN ((KOKONNGENITALGENITAL))
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22.. INFEKSI INFEKSI
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a. Pyogenic / suppurative * Stafilokokus * Pneumokokus
* Streptokokus * Salmonella
b. Spesifik/ non suppurative- TBC, virus, dan jamur- Perlangsungan lambat dibanding
pyogenic
2.INFEKSI 2.INFEKSI OSTEOMYELITIS OSTEOMYELITIS
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-Osteolitik
-Periosteal reaction
-Soft tissue swelling
OSTEOMYELITISOSTEOMYELITIS
•Akut
•Kronis
Acute osteomyelitis
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33.. TRAUMA / FRAKTUR TULANG TRAUMA / FRAKTUR TULANG
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a. Trauma Ringan : Hematoma kdg pd foto tlg tdk terlihat Berat ; subluksasi, dislokasi disertai fraktur Eksternal : tabrakan, jatuh Internal : kontraksi otot yg kuat & mendadak, mis :
epilepsi, tetanus & renjatan listrik
b. Fraktur- adalah rusaknya kontinuitas tlg, kartilago atau keduanya
& disertai kerusakan jar.lunak- fraktur dpt terbuka atau tertutup
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Beberapa type fraktur
• Fr.transversal• Fr. oblique/spiral/screw• Fr.kominutif lebih dari 2 fragmen• Fr.avulsi• Fr.green stick (pada anak-anak)• Fr.kompressi vertebra• Fr.impressi tengkorak• Fr. linier
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Fr. transversalFr. transversalFr. transversalFr. transversal Fr. oblikFr. oblik Fr. kominutifFr. kominutif
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Fraktur radius bagian distal
a. Fraktur Colles
fr. radius bag distal (sampai 1 mm dibagian distal) dgn angulasi ke posterior, dislokasi ke posterior dan deviasi fragmen distal ke radial.
b. Fraktur Smith
Fr. radius bagian distal dgn angulasi atau dislokasi fragmen distal ke volar.
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Fr.CollesFr.Colles
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Fraktur radius dan ulna
a. Fr. Monteggia fr.ulna bagian proximal dgn dislokasi kaput radiib. Fr. Galeazzi fr. radius bagian distal dgn dislokasi ulna bagian
distal.
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Fr. GaleazziFr. GaleazziFr. GaleazziFr. Galeazzi Fr. MonteggiaFr. Monteggia
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Fr.KompressiFr.Kompressi
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LOGOX-ray osteoporotic vertebral fractureX-ray osteoporotic vertebral fracture
Genant HK, et al. J Bone Miner Res 1996;11:984–96Genant HK, et al. J Bone Miner Res 1996;11:984–96http://courses.washington.edu/bonephys/opclin.htmlhttp://courses.washington.edu/bonephys/opclin.html
NormalNormal
MildMild
SevereSevere
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Komplikasi Fraktur
1. Osteomyelitis
2. Non Union (neoarthrosis)
3. Bone artrophy
4. Bone formation in muscle myositis ossificans
5. Deformitas berat
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Fraktur Patologis
1. Fr. Trauma berat2. Fr. Spontan/patologis, 3. Fr. Stress :
o/ trauma ringan & terus menerus Exp. : fr.march metacarpal
fr.tibia Penari Balletfr. Fibula pelari jarak jauh
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Evaluasi foto
1. Diagnostik segera setlh terjadi trauma
2. Post reposisi
3. 1-2 mgg apakah kedudukan berubah/tdk
4. 6-8 mgg callus forming
5. Setiap perubahan / pergantian traksi
6. Menjelang keluar RS
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44.. PENYAKIT DEFISIENSI TULANG PENYAKIT DEFISIENSI TULANG
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A. Rickets (Hipovitaminosis D)
Kelainan tlg akibat defisiensi vitamin D
4. PENYAKIT DEFISIENSI TULANG
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B. Scurvy (hipovitaminosis C)
1. Akibat def.Vit C terjadi kegagalan
pembentukan jar. Intrseluler termasuk tlg,
kartilago & endotel
2. Pembentukan tlg terhambat, sdgkan
reabsorbsi tetap tjd (osteoporosis)
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Scurvy
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5. 5. PENYAKIT PENYAKIT DISPLASIADISPLASIA
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Achondroplasia
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66.. TUMOR TUMOR
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Benigna
Malignant
Metastase
Tumor tulangTumor tulang
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LOGOTumor tulangTumor tulang
OsteosarkomaOsteosarkomaOsteosarkomaOsteosarkoma
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LOGOLokasi / Lesi Tumor pada Tulang
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Gambaran reaksi periosteal:
Lamelar
Sun ray appearance
Renda (irregular)
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LOGOBatas LesiBatas Lesi
Jinak Ganas
Batas tegas Batas tak tegas
Kortex menipis Destruksi
Rx. Periosteal (-) Rx. Periosteal (+)
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MetastasisDapat osteolitik, osteoblastikBatas tdk tegasTepi irreguler & kadang2 tepi sklerotikPredisposisi metastase urutan terbanyak : vertebra iga & sternum tengkorak & pelvis tlg2 sendi tulang2 lain
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7. 7. PENYAKIT DEGENERATIFPENYAKIT DEGENERATIF
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PENYAKIT DEGENERATIF SENDI PENYAKIT DEGENERATIF SENDI
A. SPONDYLOSIS / SPONDYLOARTHROSIS
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B. OSTEOARTHRITIS (OA)
Ro (Lutut) :
Spur aspek posterior patella
Spur formation : condylus tibia proximal,femur distal, eminentia intercondyloidea tibia
Sendi menyempit aspek medial (DD. Rheumatoid : menyeluruh sendi)
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8. 8. PENYAKIT PENYAKIT INFEKSIINFEKSI
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Lesi pd corpus vertebra ada 3 tempat :A. Tipe marginal
- dekat diskus intervertebra atas/bawah- destruksi ostiolitik bgn depan corpus vertebra &
cepat merusak discus discus sempit- 2 atau lebih corp. vert berdekatan terlibat- wedge/baji gibbus- Spider leg app- Kronis timbul kalsifikasi pd abses- tidak tampak osteosclerotik
TBC TULANG BELAKANG TBC TULANG BELAKANG SPONDILITIS TBC SPONDILITIS TBC
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B. Tipe Sentral- Abses timbul pd bgn tengah corpus
vertebra- discus lambat terkena- bila meluas ke tepi tlg proses sama tipe
marginal
C. Tipe anterior- berlangsung dibawah periosteum- meluas dibawah lig. Long anterior- kerusakan discus intervertebra lambat
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LOGOSPONDYLITIS TBC & PARA VERTEBRAL ABSCESS
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TBC TULANG PANJANG
Rontgen :
- terutama metafise tulang panjang
- osteolitik lebih dominan
- kadang2 tepi osteosklerotik ringan
- perosteal reaction ringan tdk ada
- soft tissue swelling ringan
Primer dapat di tulang
Sekunder hematogen
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Tuberculosis of the knee
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Tuberculosis of right hip
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KEPALA
JENISNYA:1. Komosio serebri2. Kontusio serebri3. Laserasio serebri4. Fraktura tulang kepala
PEMERIKSAAN RADIOLOGI:1. Kepala 3 posisi: AP, Lateral, Towne’s atau Waters2. CT-kepala3. MRI4. SPECT5. PET
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FOTO KEPALA
Informasi/kelainan2 dapat : Fraktur Infeksi Tumor : - primer
- sekunder Sinus paranasalis Kongenital Tanda2 peningkatan tekanan intra kranial : Sutura melebar Impressiones digitatae Destruksi sella
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LOGOFOTO KEPALA POSISI AP
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LOGOFOTO KEPALA LATERAL
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CT-scan otak normal
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LOGOFractura calvaria dengan epidural hematoma dan hematoma jaringan lunak kepala
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LOGOSUBDURAL HEMATOMA
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LOGOPERDARAHAN SUBARACHNOID
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FOTO SINUS PARANASALIS
1. Caldwell2. Water’s3. LateralKelainan2 : sinusitis paranasalis Tumor : sinus maxillaris+ ethmoidalis Deviasi septum nasi
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