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BY GROUP 7 :NIK NUR SHUHADA NIK RASIDI

2012450886 NURSYAHIRA BAHARUDIN

2012453596NURUL ‘AQILAH ZAKARIA

2012498636NOR FARAHANA SIDEK

2012451928NUR FATIN IZZATI MAHAMUD

2012602446NIK NUR AISHAH NIK ABDUL

AZIZ 2012463644

PREPARED FOR :MISS LAILA AHMAD

PLASTIC SURGERYLAW012

INTRODUCTION TO LAW 1CASE STUDY

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CONTENTSTITLES PAGES

WHAT IS PLASTIC SURGERY 3-5

TYPES OF PLASTIC SURGERY 6-12

PLASTIC SURGERY IN PERSPECTIVE OF LAW 13-16

PLASTIC SURGERY IN PERSPECTIVE OF MORALITY 17-20

PLASTIC SURGERY IN PERSPECTIVE OF EQUALITY 21-23

PLASTIC SURGERY IN PERSPECTIVE OF JUSTICE 24-26

PLASTIC SURGERY IN PERSPECTIVE OF EQUALITY

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CONCLUSION 30

REFERENCES 31-32

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WHAT IS PLASTIC SURGERY?

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Medical specialty concerned with the various purpose such as repair, restoration, or improvement of lost, injured, defective, or misshapen parts of the body chiefly by transfer of tissues.

The word plastic has nothing to do with the material known as plastic. It refers to molding and reshaping of tissues.

WHAT IS PLASTIC SURGERY?

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WHAT IS PLASTIC SURGERY?

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TYPES OF PLASTIC SURGERY

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Reconstructive

Surgery

Cosmetic Surgery

PLASTIC SURGERY

TYPES OF PLASTIC SURGERY?

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Reconstructive Surgery To correct :• functional impairments caused by burns• traumatic injuries, such as facial bone fractures and

breaks• congenital abnormalities, such as cleft palates or

cleft lips• developmental abnormalities• infection and disease• cancer or tumors

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usually performed to improve function, but it may be done to approximate a normal appearance. the most common reconstructive procedures are:

• tumor removal• laceration repair• scar repair• hand surgery• breast reduction

RECONSRUCTIVE SURGERY

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Cosmetic Surgery“Cosmetic surgery” (also known as “plastic surgery”) is surgery that is unnecessary from a medical perspective, but is carried out to improve appearance. Cosmetic surgery is an ancient practice. Comprise many parts of human body such as:• Facial• Hair or head• Neck• Breast procedure• Abdomen

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• Buttock/butt,• Arm, • Foot, • Vaginal surgery

COSMETIC SURGERY?

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• Since 1997, there has been over 155% increase in the total number of cosmetic procedures. Surgical procedures increased by more than 71%, and non-surgical procedures increased by 228%.

• The top five cosmetic surgical procedures in 2010 were: -breast augmentation (318,123 procedures); -liposuction (289,016 procedures);

- eyelid surgery (152,123 procedures); - abdominoplasty (144,929 procedures); - breast reduction (138,152 procedures).

• The top five nonsurgical cosmetic procedures in 2010 were: - Botulinum Toxin Type A (2,437,165 procedures); - hyaluronic acid (1,315,121 procedures); - laser hair removal (936,270 procedures); - laser skin resurfacing (562,706 procedures);- chemical peel (493,896 procedures).

Quick Facts: Highlights of the ASAPS 2010 Statistics on Cosmetic Surgery:

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PLASTIC SURGERY IN THE PERSPECTIVE

OF LAW

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Legal (Shar`i) rules:

It is permissible in Islamic law to undergo emergency or necessary plastic surgery for following purpose: a) Restoring the form of a part of the body to its original condition. b) Restoring the normal function to a part of the body. c) Correcting a congenital defect, such as cleft palate, severely deviated septum, birthmarks, extra fingers and teeth, conjoined fingers, if those will lead to significant material or moral harm. d) Correcting acquired defects from the effects of burns, accidents, and illness. e) Removing a severely misshapen feature that is causing the person psychological or physical harm.

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It is impermissible to undergo cosmetic surgery (aesthetic plastic surgery), which does not fall into the category of medical treatment, the aim of which is to change a person's natural appearance, following whims and the desire to imitate others.

It is permissible to promote weight loss through reliable scientific methods, including liposuction, if excess weight is considered a medical condition and there is no other solution besides surgery, on the condition that it will be [reasonably] risk-free.

It is impermissible to remove wrinkles through surgery or injection as long as this is not a medical condition, but even in such a case [treatment] would have to be [reasonably] risk-free.

LEGAL (SYAR’I) RULES

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• It is permissible to repair a hymen, which has been broken due to accident, rape or compulsion. However, it is impermissible to repair a hymen broken as a result of immoral acts, in order to block the means to immorality and deception. It is preferable for that procedure to be handled by female doctors.

• The specialized physician should abide by the rules of Shari`ah concerning medical procedures and advise those seeking cosmetic surgery.

LEGAL (SYAR’I) RULES

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PLASTIC SURGERY IN PERSPECTIVE OF

MORALITY

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In the perspective of morality the activity of plastic surgery is immoral. However in a certain reasons plastic surgery can be accepted as moral.According to Jacques Thiroux, morality can be understood as a rule prescribing between what is right and what is wrong.Plastic surgery make someone look fake in front of the public. Plastic surgery is also immoral in the perspective of religious morality.Religious morality deals with a person’s relationship with God.

PLASTIC SURGERY IN PERSPECTIVE OF MORALITY

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In Islam, plastic surgery is permissible since medication is legally prescribed and urged by Islam. However, cosmetic surgery used to change a person's natural appearance for the purpose of beautification only is impermissible.Furthermore, such as the Prophet’s saying (peace and blessings be upon him) in the hadith that was narrated by `Abdullah ibn Mas`ud, “Allah has cursed women who tattoo or have themselves tattooed, who pluck eyebrows or have them plucked, and women who separate their front teeth for beauty, altering what Allah has created.” (Al-Bukhari). The hadith shows that the one who does it is cursed because it involves two things mentioned in the hadith: pursuit of beauty and changing what Allah has created. This is forbiden. Even from other religious point of view, the view on this plastic surgery is almost the same which is immoral.

ISLAMPLASTIC SURGERY IN PERSPECTIVE OF MORALITY

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“Plastic surgery for artistic development is a form of arrogance and vanity (particularly for men) and is illegal unless the patient meets certain criteria that allowed them to do the plastic surgery”. Jewish Ethics

So long as the action is beneficial and is not harmful to oneself as well as to others, there is no valid reason to object. However, as for physical enhancement (cosmetic surgery), there is the danger of the person going overboard o be addicted and totally dependent on this method to maintain their beauty “forever”.

JEWISH

BUDDHA

PLASTIC SURGERY IN PERSPECTIVE OF MORALITY

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PLASTIC SURGERY IN PERSPECTIVE OF

EQUALITY

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In equality, plastic surgery is legal for the certain people as society views. Article 7 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that "All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law.” According to the United Nations, this principle is particularly important to the minorities and to the poor. Thus, the law and the judges must treat everybody by the same laws regardless of their gender, ethnicity, religion, socio-economic status, without privilege. So, the minorities also defined to the people who does not has proper body functions like the other human being does. They are, who, the people has the right to get the equality to be like the others and to be treated by the people who the majorities. As Ronald Dworkin write in his essay ‘ What is equality?’, sees that equality and liberty as joined or as two sides of a coin. People must be allowed to live freely within the resources they have.

PLASTIC SURGERY IN PERSPECTIVE OF EQUALITY

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As Ronald Dworkin write in his essay ‘ What is equality?’, sees that equality and liberty as joined or as two sides of a coin. People must be allowed to live freely within the resources they have.

Highlight the point of his essay, ‘People must allowed to live freely’, so the people must be allowed to live freely and thus, as an equality to them, the people must be allowed to made this plastic surgery.

PLASTIC SURGERY IN PERSPECTIVE OF EQUALITY

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PLASTIC SURGERY IN

PERSPECTIVE OF JUSTICE

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According to a scholar, Justinian, justice is the virtue which results in each person receiving his due. The

purpose and aim of justice is to represent justice as moral / natural entitlement. According to another scholar,

Jacques Thiroux, there are 4 basically ways in which goods van be distributed – as equally among people as

possible without regard to their abilities or merits, according to people’s abilities , according to what they merit

or deserve and according to their needs.

In this case , people deserve to get what they want and what they needs in order to feel “normal” and

accepted by the society. According to Dr. Cutler , a plastic surgeon, plastic surgery is not about beauty, but,

about identity. For a woman who feels trapped in a body whish does not fit her sense of who she is, plastic

surgery or cosmetic surgery becomes a way to renegotiate identity through her body. Plastic surgery or

cosmetic surgery is about justice. For a woman whose suffering has gone beyond a certain point , plastic

surgery or cosmetic surgery can become a matter of justice – the only fair thing to do.

Furthermore, according to Jacques Thiroux every people deserve to get what they needs. For example,

accident victims , they undergo plastic surgery or to be specific reconstructive surgery because they have to.

Instead of having this surgery for beauty reasons , patient have it for medical or health reasons. People who

have been horribly disfigured in automobile accidents may have to have parts of their faces reconstructed.

PLASTIC SURGERY IN PERSPECTIVE OF JUSTICE

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In addition , according to Dr. Steve Buchman, children with severe mental impairments undoubtedly benefit

from plastic surgery and ultimately gain the functional tools that will help them lead a fuller life. Children whom

are looked upon by their peers or teachers as something different from other kids , can experience things that

really interfere with their development. Nevertheless, the more these children these are accepted by their peers ,

teachers and society and the more interactions they have with others , the better they learn.

Teachers may underestimated the intellectual abilities of children with facial deformities and have

correspondingly low expectations for their achievements. By addressing the deformities , the subconscious bias

of parents , teachers and society may diminish , giving the child a better chance to be exposed to positive

feedback and increase their learning capability.

In a nutshell, plastic surgery , cosmetic surgery or even reconstructive surgery, is a method in order to help

the unfortunate and unlucky people regardless of their gender and abilities. Plastic surgery is absolutely a

justice – the only fair thing to do for people who does not feel normal because of accident and lack of self –

esteem. Furthermore, for children with mental disabilities and facial deformities, it will help them lead a fuller life

for being normal.

PLASTIC SURGERY IN PERSPECTIVE OF JUSTICE

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PLASTIC SURGERY IN

PERSPECTIVE OF FREEDOM

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Freedom is a right, power, ability to decide or oneself what to do and how to live according to one interest, desire, taste determination or thought of the mind in order to realize one’s aims.

John Locke wrote in his book ‘Two Treatises of Government’ (1689) that “ no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty or possessions”. For Immanuel Kant (1724-1804),the German philosopher, morality arises and can only arise from freedom. According to Dias, the word ‘freedom’ brings 3 meanings, which are freedom from power. For example, a freeman is one who is not under anyone’s power. Next, freedom to act (liberty).For example, free speech implies the absence of duty not to speak. Lastly, freedom from disability (capacity, the acquisition of powers and liberties).For example, coming of age.

There’s no doubt that enhancing outer looks can help the inner beauty shine through since there is freedom to choose anything. This freedom of choice which has led to an increase in the number of people choosing to undergo procedures like non-invasive cosmetic surgery treatments in order to help them feel their best. The instant results and confidence-boosting effects of these treatments, including teeth-whitening, Botox jabs and laser-hair removal made people all over the world flocking to clinics for a boost.

A recent study has revealed that women who chose to improve their looks out of their own accord experience a boost in confidence and self-esteem. Many believe that their inner beauty and true personalities shine through after these confidence-boosting procedures, and that anyone should have the freedom to choose to look and feel their best.

And it’s not only women, as men are jumping on the surgery bandwagon for many reasons. A recent study even proved that men believe looking good will help them stay employed, as it will encourage confidence in client meetings and in the boardroom. When it comes to freedom of choice, no one wants to be told what to do. Many magazines around the world have been proactive in promoting cosmetic surgery as a personal choice that many women will feel empowered by.

Many people choose to oppose the freedom of choice to undergo cosmetic surgery. People decide what the best for themselves. Whether that means a skin treatment or something more, like breast surgery, it’s up to you to decide.

PLASTIC SURGERY IN PERSPECTIVE OF MORALITY

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Despite cosmetic surgery's rise in popularity in recent times, the history of these procedures dates back centuries. It was originally used as a treatment of body parts damaged by injury or war. The more society grew, the more important physical beauty began to become. There are only a few people who currently still hold to the belief that beauty is merely on the inside. In contemporary terms, beauty is considered to include physical appearance, especially among women. The fact that a strong majority of people now view cosmetic surgery in a positive light, there are still a few that hold to the idea that it is a trap to maintain society's unjust standards of beauty. The truth of the matter is, cosmetic surgery allows freedom of choice: the choice to change appearance, improve self-image, and create fantastic first impressions. Miami Cosmetic Surgery allows people that suffer anxiety based on society's standards of beauty to choose to change their lives through cosmetic surgery.

FREEDOM TO CHOOSE IN MIAMIPLASTIC SURGERY IN PERSPECTIVE OF MORALITY

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ONE OF THE WORST PLASTIC SURGERY

Jocelyn Wildenstein: a US$4 million monster

Known by the press by the nickname of "The Bride of Wildenstein" --a reference to The Bride of Frankenstein--, Jocelyn Wildenstein has allegedly spent almost US$4,000,000 on cosmetic surgery over the years, ending up as one of the worst and most famous cases of plastic surgery addiction. But who did that happened? 

Once upon a time, in the late 70’s there was a beautiful women named Jocelyn Wildenstein. Jocelyn really had it made. She was a fresh-faced mother of two and married to an extremely rich art dealer. That is until she caught her husband in bed with a 21 year old Russian model. Now, any normal person would just leave her husband and take all of his money with her, right? Not Jocelyn Wildenstein! Instead she decided to win back her husbands love and make herself more beautiful by going under the knife. Well, her husband left her anyways, but Jocelyn will always have her plastic surgeon. 

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In conclusion, plastic surgery goes against the perspectives of law, morality and equality but are

supported in the perspective of justice and freedom.

This is because plastic surgery is a change in person's natural appearance for the purpose of beautification and

other reasons.

CONCLUSION

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REFERENCES• Mohd Syahar Barkat Ali, Suhaila Hj. Ismail, Nor Shahily

Dahalan & Ahmad Junaidi Ali. (n.d). Pendidikan syariah islam. Batu Caves,

Selangor: Pustaka Ilmi.

• Aesthetic surgery and religion: Islamic law perspective. Retrieved

from http://www.onislam.net/english/ask-the-scholar/morals-

and-manners/178114.html?Manners=

• Islamic view on plastic surgery . Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17968614

• Are we allowed to have a plastic surgery?. Retrieved fromhttp://intjforum.com/archive/index.php/t-35664.html

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• Plastic surgery. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_surgery.

• Plastic surgery records. Retrieved from http://www.telegraph.co.uk

/history/9396435/Pioneering-plastic-surgery-records-from-

First-World-War-published.html.

• Health care. Retrieved from http://issuu.com/lifehealthcare/ docs/life_spring_2011/search.

• Types of plastic surgery. Retrieved from http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How

many_types_of_cosmetic_or_plastic_surgery_are_there.

• Plastic surgery. Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/

medical/plastic%20surgery.

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THE ENDQ & A