Organizational Behavior In Education

Soalan 1Sejauh manakah Integriti Model boleh menjelaskan tingkahlaku organisasi? Bincangkan Model OB yang berkaitan dengan 2 perkara iaitu Performance dan Commitment dalam pendidikan.

INTEGRATING MODEL OF ORGANIZATIOAL BEHAVIOR

Organizational behavior (ob)A field of study devolved to:Understanding explaining improving altitudes and behavior of individuals and groups in organizationsTheorys+concepts in ob are drawn from vierity of disciplines~ job performance and individual characteristics-drawn from industrial and organizational psychology~ satisfaction, emotions and team processes drawns from social psycology~ team characteristics and organizational structure drawns from sociology~ organizational culture drawns from anthopology~ motivation, learning and decision making drawns from economic models integrative model of ob in education ?

Tingkahlaku organisasi (OB)satu lapangan kajian untuk:memahami ketinggian meningkatkan menjelaskan dan perilaku individu dan kelompok dalam organisasiteori-teori + konsep di ob diambil dari kepelbagaian disiplin~ prestasi kerja dan karakteristik individu-diambil dari industri dan psikologi organisasi~ kepuasan, emosi dan kumpulan proses diambil dari psikologi sosial~ karakteristik kumpulan dan struktur organisasi diambil dari sosiologi~ budaya organisasi diambil dari anthopology~ motivasi, belajar dan pengambilan keputusan drawns dari model ekonomi model integratif ob dalam pendidikan?Individual outcomes:The two primary outcomes in organizational behavior-employees & managers-are job performance organizational commitment*employees: have two primary goals for working lives. to perform their jobs well to remain a member of the organizational that they respect*managers: have two primary goals for their employees to maximize job performance to ensure that the employees stay with tha organiation for a significant length of time.In educational organizational/school?

ORGANIZATIONALMECHANISM-ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE -ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

GROUP MECHANISM-LEADERSHIP STYLES & BEHAVIOR:-LEADERSHIP POWER & INFLUENCE :-TERMS PROCESSES:-TERMS CHARACTERISTIC:

INDIVIDUALCHARACTERISTIC-PERSONALITY & CULTURAL VALUE-ABILITY

INDIVIDUAL MECHANISM

JOB SATISFACTIONSTRESS

MOTIVATIONTRUST, JUSTICE & ETHICS

LEARNING + DECISION MAKING

INDIVIDUALOUTCOMES-JOB PERFORMANCE-ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT

Individual mechanism-directly affect job performance and organizational commitment.*job satisfaction-captures what employees feel when thinking about their jobs.*stress-reflects employees psychological responsesto job demands that tax or exceed their capacity.*motivation-captures the energetic forces that drive employees work effort.*trust, justice & ethics-the degree to which employees feel their organization do business with fiarness, honesty and integrity.*learning and desicion making-deals with how employees gain job knowledge and how they use it to make accurate judgements on job.

Individual characteristicTwo factors-characteristics of individual employees*personality and cultural values -reflects the various traits and tendencies that describe hoe people act-including. : extraversion : conscientiousness : collectivism -how people behave at work, tasks interested, react to events that happen on the job. *ability -the cognitive abilities-emotional skills,a nd physical abilities... That employees bring to a job. -influences the kind of tasks that that employees are good at, or struggler to do.In educational organization settings?

Group mechanism-employees do not work alone-in work term led by formal and /or informal leaders.-group mechanism shapes satisfaction, stress, motivation, trust and learning*team characteristics-the qualities that team possess, such as norms, roles, and ways member depend on one another.*team processes-how team behave-cooperation, conflict, communication*leader power and influence-the process by which individuals attain authority over others*leadership styles & behaviors-capture the specific actions that leaders take to influence others at work

Organizational mechanism~ larger organizations affect satisfaction, stress, motivation...that are related tojob satisfaction and organizational commitment organizational structure

dictates how the units within the organization link to (communicate with) other units sometimes , structure are centralized around a decision-making authority

organizational culture captures values that shape employee attitudes and behaviors

two primary outcomes in org. Behavior are job perfomance and org. commitment.discuss the factors affecting the two outcomes ?

Soalan 2Mengapa sesetengah ahli organisasi lebih komited daripada orang lain. (Motivasi)

HOW IMPORTANT IS MOTIVATION IN ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR?*MOTIVATION HAS A STRONG POSITIVE EFFECT ON JOB PEFORMANCE AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT.*MOTIVATION IS DEFINED AS A SET OF ENRGETIC FORCES THAT ORIGINATES BOTH WITHIN AND OUTSIDE AN EMPLOYEE.WHY ARE SOME EMPLOYEES MORE MOTIVATED THAN OTHERS?MOTIVATING FORCES.

TO WHAT EXTENT THAT MOTIVATION AMONGST EMPLOYEES AFFECTS BEHAVIOR IN EDU.ORGANIZATION.

Unsur-unsur yang menjurus kepada org yang lebih motovasi.

1.Jangkaan – alatan yang digunakan: cth: guru mengajar di dalam kelas menjangkakan pelajar dapat 100% lulus. Dia akan cari alatan dan cara yang bersesuaian untuk mencapai semua jangkaan – effort – dia akan berusaha untuk mencapai tujuan yang telah ditetapkan @ mncapai jangkaan.

2. Tetapkan matlamat yang lebih tinggi. Cth: pencapaian prestasi pelajar – set goal secara persendirian / individu. Cth: tetapkan by class untuk guru. – usaha yang gigh untuk mencapai matlamat.

3. Sentiasa bermuhasabah diri. Penilaian kendiri. – luasa diri sendiri dan mengawal emosi diri sendiri. – berusaha dengan tabah.

EXPECTANCY

INSTRUMENTALLY

VALENCE

EFFORTDIRECTION OF EFFORT

INTENSITY OF EFFORT

PERSISTENCE OF EFFORT

SPECIFIC AND DIFFICULT ASSINGED GOAL

SELF-SET GOAL

MEANINGFULNESSSELF-DETERMINATIONCOMPETENCE IMPACT

PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT

Soalan 3Mengapa sebahagian daripada ahli organisasi mempercayai autoriti dalam organisasi? (Trust & Justice). Bagaimanakah unsur-unsur trust boleh menyebabkan pekerja yakin kepada organisasi?

~ TRUST IS BASED ON AN ASSESSMENT OF HOW A GIVEN AUTHORITY IS LIKELY TO BEHAVE IN A PARTICULAR SITUATION .WHO IS THE AUTHORITY?: IS A PERSON-BASED: IS ORGANIZATION-BASEDISSUES OF TRUST ARE INTERTWINED WITH TWO RELATED CONCEPTS.1. JUSTICE: REFLECTS THE PERCEIVED FAIRNESS OF AN AUTHORITY’S DECISION MAKING. : A SENSE OF TRUSTWORTHY.

*WHEN PEOPLE PERCEIVE HIGH LEVELS OR ETHICS, THEY BELIEVE THAT THINGS ARE BEING DONE THE WAY THEY “SHOULD BE” OR “OUGHT TO BE” DONE.~ ETHICS CONCEPTS CAN BE USED TO EXPLAIN WHY AUTHORITY DECIDES TO ACT IN A TRUSTWORTHY OR UNTRUSTWORTHY MANNER.

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE TRUST LEVELS.

DISPOSITION-BASED TRUST

COGNITION-BASED TRUST

AFFECT-BASEDTRUST

TRUST IS AN BERDASARKAN PENILAIAN BAGAIMANA A DISEDIAKAN ADALAH AUTORITI           Kemungkinan untuk berperilaku DALAM SITUASI TERTENTU.SIAPAKAH YANG DIKATAKAN ADA AUTORITI?: BERASASKAN ORANG: BERASASKAN ORGANISASIISU-ISU TRUST terjalin DENGAN KONSEP DUA ISTIMEWA.1. KEADILAN: MERUPAKAN ATAS kewajaran dirasakan KEPUTUSAN SEBUAH KEPUTUSAN AUTORITI.                      : PERASAAN boleh dipercayai.

* APABILA ORANG MELIHAT KEPADA TAHAP TINGGI ATAU ETIKA, MEREKA PERCAYA BAHAWA TIADA YANG DIBUAT MENJADI CARA MEREKA "HARUS JADI" ATAU "PERLU JADI" .~ KONSEP ETIKA DAPAT DIGUNAKAN UNTUK MENJELASKAN MENGAPA TINDAKAN AUTORITI DIAMBIL SAMA ADA DALAM CARA BOLEH DIPERCAYAI ATAU TIDAK BOLEH DIPERCAYAI..

Soalan 4

TRUST

TRUST PROPENSITY

TRUSTWORTHNESSCOMPETENCECHARACTERBENEVOLENCE

FEELING’STOWARDSTRUSTEE

Sejauh manakah keupayaan dapat dikaitkan dengan prestasi dan iltizam. Bagaimanakah ia membentuk tingkahlaku kerjanya. (Ability pekerja / individu). – performance and commitment

WHAT ARE THE FACTORS THAT MAKE AN EMPLOYEE TO BE MORE “ABLE” THAN OTHERS?*ABILITY OF AN EMPLOYEE HAS A SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ON JOB PERFORMANCE AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT.

** DISCUSS THE TYPE OF ABILITIES AMONG MEMBERS OF EDUCATION ORGANIZATION THAT AFFECT JOB PERFORMANCE AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT!

Keupayaan kognitif

1. Verbal – pandai berkomunikasi2. Quantitative – bilangan.cth: boleh buat ramalan untuk mencapai sasaran.3. Reasoning – alasan yang munasabah.cth : alasan yang diterima4. Spatial – bijak menggunakan ruang cth : banjir berlaku. Berdasarkan situasi ini apa perlu buat?5. Perceptual – persepsi yang positif terhadap tugas yang diamanahkan. Cth: membuat kerja

dengan penuh amanah

Keupayaan Emosi

1. Kesederhanaan diri terhadap pelajaran. Motivasi kendiri.2. Kesederhanaan lain. Tnaggungjawab kepada sekolah, organisasi, pelajar dan lain2 serta rakan

sebaya.3. Kitaran emosi – cth: control emosi sendiri.4. Use of emotion – menggunakan emosi yang bersesuaian dengan situasi pada ketika itu.

Keupayaan Fizikal

1. Kekuatan – sihat tubuh badan2. Stamina – tenaga.ketabahan diri3. Flexibility – serba boleh melakukan kerja4. Psychomoto – boleh mempengaruhi orang lain. Cth: sebagai penyelaras5. Sensory – peka terhadap isu semasa. Oleh itu, sentiasa elert.

Soalan 5Bagaimanakah karekteristik kumpulan mempengaruhi keberkesanan kumpulan? (Teamwork).How do characteristics affect the effectiveness of the group?

OVERALL ABILITY

COGNITIVE ABILITY*VERBAL*QUNTITATIVE*REASONING*SPATIAL*PERCEPTUAL

EMOTIONAL ABILITY*SELF AWARENESS*OTHER AWARENESS*EMOTIONAL REGULATION*USE OF EMOTION

PHYSICAL ABILITY*STRENGTH*STAMINA*FLEXINILITY & COORDINATION*PSYCHOMOTER*SENSORY

WHAT CHARACTERISTICS CAN BE USED TO DESCRIBE TEAMS?

Team composition1. Member roles – peranan ahli-ahli dlm organisasi yang boleh bekerjasama dalam projek2. Member ability – ahli yang memainkan peranan. Ahli boleh melakukan tugas yang

diberikan3. Member personality – watak ahli bersesuaian dengan tugas yang diberikan4. Member diversity – kepelbagaian. Cth : ada org tahu atau pakar dalam sesuatu bidang5. Team size – saiz kumpulan untuk membuat projek.

Team types1. Work team – kumpulan bekerja yang menjalankan tugas. Cth: guru2. Management team – pentadbir yang terlibat dengan pengurusan sekolah.cth: pengetua3. Parallel team – kumpulan selari. Cth: pekerja makmal dan guru4. Project team – kumpulan projek. Cth : jawatankuasa kurikulum5. Action team- kumpulan yang bertindak. Cth: projek besar dilakukan. Oleh itu, guru2

dibwah bertindak untuk mencapai projek tersebut. Cth: kejohanan sukan sekolah.

Team Independences – saling bergantung1. Task – ada tugas (kump diberikan tugas) cth: hari kok. Apa tugas ?2. Goal – mencapai sasaran cth: mengeratkan hubungan internal n external customer. 3. Outcome – mendapatkan hasil – hasil kutipan 20k

- WORK TEAM- MANAGEMENT TEAM- PARALLEL TEAM- PROJECT TEAM- ACTION TEAM

TASK INTERDEPENDENCEGOAL INTERDEPENDENCEOUTCOME INTERDEPENDENCE

MEMBER ROLESMEMBER ABILITYMEMBER PERSONALITYMEMBER DIVERSITYTEAM SIZE

TEAM TYPES

TEAM INTERDEPENDENCES

TEAM COMPOSITION

TEAM CHARACTERISTICS