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LEMBAGA PEPERIKSAAN MALAYSIAKEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA 2OO8ENGLISH FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYKertas 2Nov. /Dis .

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JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALA\ INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU

Kertas soalan ini nrengundungi 30 soalan.

Jav,ab semua .soolun.

Tiap-liap soelctn diikuti oleh empat pilihan jawapan, iaitu A, B, C dan D. Bagiseticrp soulurt. pilih satu jawapan sahaja. Hitamkan semua jawapon anda padakerttts jutrapon objekti.f yong disediakan.

9/&ylu

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 13

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halaman bercetak dan 3 halaman tidak bercetak

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Questionschoose the

| ^ 25 are based onbest answer.

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the given stimuli. Study the information carefully and

Mercury's surface ismeteorites once rained100 ki lometres acrossr ings of mounta ins and

peppered al l over wi th thousands of craters wheredown. One enormous impact made by a rock aboutc rea ted the Ca lor is Bas in . Sur rounded by severa lpart ly f i l led in, i t is 1300 ki lometres wide

What is the cause of Mercury's peppered surface?

A The rings of mountains

B The thousands of craters

C The shower of meteorites

D The imoact of rain

Most smooth surfaces such as paper are actually quite uneven and reflectl ight in al l direct ions. A very smooth and shiny surface such as a mirrorreflects light in a more regular way.

Which of the diagrams below illustrates the reflection from paper?

A light B

light

DC

paper paper

paper

light

paper

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Questions 3 - 1 sre based an the fol lowing table.

3 Which planet takes the shortest time to complete a rotation?

A Venus

B Saturn

C Jupiter

D \lercur1'

.l \\'hat can we conclude from the information above?

A The size of a planet does not influence the rate it spins.

B The size of a planet determines the time taken to orbit the Sun.

C The distance from the Sun determines the speed at which a planet spins.

D The distance of a olanet from the Sun does not influence its orbit.

The shells of crustaceans are composed mostly of chitin. A water-solublecompound that is chitin-based can be used to keep fruit fresh for longer. Thiscompound can be d isso lved in water and sprayed on f ru i t . l t fo rmsa semi-permeable coating that limits the amount of oxygen entering the fruit.As a result , treated frui t r ipen more slowly than untreated frui t and canbe held fresh in cold storage for a longer period of t ime. Unl ike paraff in orwax, the chitin-based spray can be washed off in warm water.

5 How does the chitin-based compound help to prolong the shelf life of fruit?

A It controls the amount of oxygen entering the fruit.

B It allows fruit to be washed off in warm water.

C It can be sprayed on liuit for a longer period.

D It can be used to make fruit become fresher.

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Mercury Venus Earth Jupiter Saturn

Diameter at equator(km) 4848 12104 12756 t42984 t29660

Average distance fromthe Sun (million km)

57.9 i08 150 778.3 1427

Time taken to spin on axls 58.6 days 243 days24 hours 9.9 hours 10.5 hours

Time taken to orbit the Srin 88 days 225 days 1 year I 1 .66 years 29.46 years

Al l volcanoes are formed by the accumulat ion of magma which is molten

rock that forms below the Earth 's surface. Magma can erupt through one or

more volcanic vents, which can be a s ingle opening, a c luster of openings'

oi-a-tong crack. l t forms deep within the Earth, e i ther wi th in the upper part

o f the r ian t le o r , more commonly , w i th in the base o f the Ear th 's c rus t '

High temperatures and pressures are needed to form magma

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6 From the text above, which of the statements below is true about ntasnla'.'

A It causes volcanic vents to fbrm and erupt'

B It forms within the base of the Earth's crust'

C It causes high temperatures and pressures to tbrm'

D It forms one or more long cracks within the mantle'

Questions 7 - I are based on the .following text'

7 Based on the text above, ripples and giant breakers are

A the source of water waves

B objects that make boats bob

C movement caused by floating objects

D vibrations that travel across the water surt'ace

8 What are giant breakers?

A Huge boats

B Big waves

C Water riPPles

D Floating objects

Water waves, f rom r ipples in a pond to giant breakers at the seashore'

t ransport energy. l f you drop a stone into a pond, the water moves up ano

down as the stones enter the water. This up and down movement or vibration,

travels across the water surface as a wave. when it meets a floating object

iu.n rr a toy boat, the wave makes it bob up and down. The energy to make

the boat bob comes from the fal l ing stone, and is carr ied out to the boat

by the wave.

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Every act ion requires energy to make i t happen - not just here on Earthbut th roughout the en t i re un iverse . Energy makes your body work so tha tyou can see, hear , th ink , speak , move and do a l l k inds o f th ings . Energykeeps al l l iv ing th ings - including us al ive. This energy comes from the Sun'sheat and from food.

Non- l i v ing th ings need energy to work too . A l l mach ines need a suppryof energy to work, and they stop when their energy supply is given out or turnedoff . Machines get energy f rom fuels, such as petrol , or f rom a supply of powersuch as electr ic i ty or running water.

9 Based on the text abol'e. lihich is the best conclusion about energy?

A Energy helps in lbod production

B All machines need energ),to n'ork

C All l iving things need energr,to stav al ive

D Energv is needed for any action to take place

The most common symptom of gastroesophageal ref lux disease (GERD)is frequent heartburn - that burning feel ing you feel in your chest.

GERD occurs when the stomach acid contents back up into the oesophagus.This occurs when the lower oesophagealsphincter (LES) muscle malfunct ionsor does not close properly. Prolonged and frequent acid ref lux in the loweroesophagus can cause injury. Studies found that GERD may be due to heavymeals, fatty food and lying f lat in bed.

10 What does the word re.flux mean?

A To flow out

B To flow into

C To flow back

D To flow across

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I t is one of l i fe 's great unmentionables, but having bad breath can causeextreme embarrassment and distress.

A mild halitosis usually results from anaerobic bacteria breeding in shallowcavities in the gum or teeth. These bugs release foul-smelling gases such ashydrogen su lph ide. Rout ine denta l t reatment , regu lar brush ingand mouthwashes usual ly solve this problem.

Now there's a laser treatment for one of the worst forms of hal i tosis.a rarely diagnosed version waft ing relent lessly from the tonsi ls.

11 What is halitosis?

A Anaerobic bacteria

B Hydrogen sulphide

C Laser treatment

D Bad breath

Compact discs (CD) are used to keep data. The types of disc, CD-R andCD-RW have different layers. The topmost layer protects them from scratches.

On a CD-R, a higher-powered laser burns areas of a transparent dye that liesover a ref lect ive layer, turning specks of dye opaque and creating vir tual pi tsthat prevent the read laser from being reflected. Once burned, the dye cannotbe made transparent again.

A CD-RW has a layer of metal phase-change f i lm. When a higher-poweredlaser melts specks of the metal f i lm, the specks cool quickly and becomenon-reflective. However, the metalfi lm can be made reflective again (erased)by heating it with a medium-powered laser that allows the film to cool slowly.

12 From the text, both CD-R and CD-RW require a

A high-powered laser to record data

B reflective layer to erase data

C protective layer to record data

D medium-powered laser to erase data

t

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when a star's nuclear fuel begins to run out, the star reacts by puffing upunt i l i t becomes a g iant or a superg iant . Stars that are less ' than oneand a half t imes the Sun's mass then blow off their outer layers, leavinga t iny, cool ing star cal led a white dwarf. Stars that are more massive thanone and a half Sun end their l ives with a supernova explosion. The leftovercore becomes a neutron star, or sometimes a black hole.

13 Which of the following sequences is correct?

A small star--+ white dwarf-+ neutron star

B small star ) white dwarf > black hole

C big star --t supernova > white dwarf

D big star -+ supernova 4 neutron star

One method of making su lphur ic ac id is ca l led the Contact Process.I t begins with the heating of sulphur, or sulphur ore, to form sulphur dioxide.Heating the sulphur dioxide with a catalyst, such as vanadium(V) oxide,turns it into sulphur trioxide. The sulphur trioxide is dissolved in a concentratedsulphuric acid solut ion to form a substance cal led oleum. Di lut ing the oleumwith water causes the sulphur tr ioxide to combine with the added waterand form sulphuric acid.

14 The diagram below shows the Contact Process. Which of these is oleum?

Roasted infumace

Heated withair overcatalyst

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Oxygenfrom air

Oxygenfrom air

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Most ca rs use four -s t roke in te rna l combus t ion eng ines . The p is ton ,which t ravels up and down when the crankshaft rotates, starts at the topo f the cy l inder . The in le t va lve opens and the p is ton d rops , a l low ingthe fue l -a i r m ix tu re to en te r the cy l inder . The p is ton moves back up ,compressing the gasol ine and air . The spark plug f i res and igni tes the fueld rop le ts . The compressed charge exp lodes , d r i v ing the p is ton down.The outlet valve opens, allowing the combustion products to exit the cylinder.

15 At which stase does combustion take olace?

A

inletvalve

petrol +air mixture

piston

connectingrod

crank shaft

B

voutletvalve

cylinder

D C v

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An exper imenta l vacc ine ta rge ts p lasmodium fa lc iparum, the mostdangerous malar ia l paras i te . A t r ia l in Mozambique invo lv ing more than 2000chi ldren aged 1 to 4 shows that i t reduces the r isk of infect ion by 30 percent.For those who st i l l get infected, i t reduces the chances of developing the mostsevere form of malar ia by 58 percent.

16 which of the following can we conclude from the text above?

A The vaccine is effective in reducing malaria cases.

B The vaccine can help cure malaria cases.

C Malaria affects mainly children.

D Most malaria cases are severe

- Both repulsive smell ing and huge, the rare Amorphophal lus t i tanium comesfrom the tropicalforest of Sumatera. l t has a centralspit<e that grows eight feethigh and its leaves open to form a massive cauldron more than f-our feeticross.Because o f i ts fou l s tench o f ro t t ing f lesh, th is p lant is o f ten ca l ledthe corpse flower.

17 why is Amorphophallus titanium known as the corpse flower?

A It feeds on rotting flesh.

B It forms a big cauldron.

C It gives out a bad odour.

D It grows an enormous spike.

- Astronauts may need to work outside the spacecraf t for several hours,for example, when repair ing a satel l i te. Any tr ip outside, requires a protect ivespacesui t . Once in space, astronauts are secured to the craf t to stop themfloating away. Alternatively, they wear a manned manoeuvering unit (trrltrrtU;,a backpack with rocket thrusters to contror mobi l i ty and direct ion.

l8 The word manoeuvering tn the text above means

A floating

B moving

C working

D exercising

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Skyscrapers and most large modern bui ldings are bui l t with a skeleton ofsteel girders. Steel is immensely strong and this is what makes i t possiblefor buildings to soar to such dizzy heights. Many buildings have a central coreof reinforced concrete. The f loors are bui l t out from the core to an outersteel skeleton.

19 Which of the following makes it possible for buildings to be tall?

A Strong steel

B Central core

C Skeleton of girders

D Reinforced concrete

10

The separate colours of a spectrum can be seen when white l ight is spl i tup. A triangular glass prism is very good at doing this as it bends or refractsl ight. The dif ferent colours bend by dif ferent amounts, so they spread outand form a rainbow pattern. These colours are also of different wavelengthsof l ight.

20 The prism forms a spectrum because the colours

A combine into white light

B have the same wavelength

C bend by Cifferent amounts

D spread out and form rainbows

2l what is the similarity between eutropic and oligotrophic lakes?

A They are rich in organic matter.

B They are salt water lakes.

C They lack organic matter.

D They contain freshwater fishes.

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Ecologists divide freshwater lakes and ponds into two categories. Eutropiclakes ar6 rich in organic matter and vegetation, making the waters relativelymurky. Oligotrophiclakes contain little organic matter and the water is muchclearer. Calp and catfish are typically found in murky eutropic waters and laketrout is found in ol igotrophic lakes.

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22 Which statement is correct from the diagram above?

A The coldest point lies in the mesosphere.

B Ali the layers are of similar thickness.

C The thermosphere is the hottest layer.

D The ozone layer is found in the troposphere.

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Most plants do not grow at the same rate throughout the year. Dur ingperiods of cold or drought, plant groMh ceases or is lrmited, and plants enterdormancy. Leaves break off the plant at abscission zones. Before leaves fall,nutrients are transported back into the stem and are used again in the springThe leaf would die in the cold anyway, so losing leaves al lows the plantto retain nutr ients.

23 Which of the following can we conclude from the text?

A Plants depend on leaves to survive in cold weather.

B Plants adapt themselves to weather conditions.

C Leaves die to provide nutrients to plants.

D Leaves fall to limit plant growth.

All centipedes and mil l ipedes are terrestr ial .cuticle. They retain moisture through behaviouralin damp environments to prevent desiccation.

They do not have a waxyadaptat ions, such as l iv ing

24 In this text, what does the word desslcation mean?

A warmth

B heating up

C drying out

D humidity

l n the res tora t ion o f an ar twork , the ob jec t goes th rough a ser iesof preliminary stages of artistic and scientif ic observation. Firstly, on arrival,every artwork is X-rayed to reveal the object's internal structure and stateof pieservat ion. n Obtai ted and thorough study to ident i fy the -di f ferentmaierials used, enables experts to analyse the materials and the effect t imehas had on them.

After the prel iminary stages, each object must.be. c leaned. Methods vary

according to ttre materials being treated and possibil i t ies include, lasers, soft

dry brushes, Japanese paper and dist i l led water.

25 What influences the choice of cleaning methods?

A The X-ray of intemal structures.

B The effect of time on the artwork.

C The materials used in the artwork.

D The stage of scientific observation'

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b

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Questions 26 - 30 ore bused on the./bllowing passage. Choose the most appropriateanswer Jt 'ont I l tc ' optiurt. t givan.

Water i s a v i ta l par t o f many metabo l ic p rocesses w i th in the body .S ign i f i can t quant i t ies o f water a re used dur ing the 26 o f food. whendehydrated, some bacter ia and plant seeds can enter a cryptobiot ic 27 foran inde f in i te per iod . They come back to l i f e when re tu rned to a

28 environment, About 72 percent of the fat- f ree mass of the human bodyis made up of water.

Water is removed from the body in ur ine and faeces. l t is a lso lost throughsweat ing and by exhalat ion of water 29 in the breath. Humans requirewater tha t does no t con ta in too much sa l t o r o ther 30 , wh ich inc ludesharmful bacter ia. The growth of wor ld populat ion and other factors af fectthe avai labi l i ty of dr inking water per person. This issue can be solved throughmore product ion, better distr ibut ion or through less waste.

26 A conversion

B absorption

C dissolution

D digestion

27 A degree

B state

C step

D part

28 A cool

B wet

C airy

D dense

29 A particles

B bubbles

C droplet

D vapour

30 A impurities

B additives

C elements

D matters

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