01/05/2023IZZAH ZAHIN ALIMAN

Q: Section 3 of the Syariah Court Evidence (FT) Act:

“bayyinah” means evidence which proves a right or interest and includes qarinah

“qarinah” means fact connected with the other fact in any of the ways referred to this Act

a) discuss - meaning(juristic opinions) 10 m

b) examples on application (decided cases) 5 m

01/05/2023IZZAH ZAHIN ALIMAN

Literally: BA-YA-NAclear, apparent

BAYYINAH

Classical Jurists> Hilal

4th CenturyIbn Hazm al-Zahiri

anything which clarifies the truth, ilmu al-Qadi is the strongest and most valuable> Surah al-Ankabut:35> Surah al-Hadid: 25

Contemporary JuristsIbn Qayyim & Ors

redefine Ibn Hazm’s by rejecting ilmu a-lQadi due to corruption etc…

> Surah al-Bayyinah: 1

B = S

SS

Q

B

QS

S

B

01/05/2023IZZAH ZAHIN ALIMAN

Comparatively, section 3 of the EA 1950 is crystal clear; followed Ibn Qayyim’s:

> s 3 SEA “evidence” includes..all statements..all documents..

Ibn Qayyim:• (Comprehensive meaning) refers to anything which clarifies, explains or

proves a position, right or interest which a court or judge may consider in rendering justice to the to the rightful party or in delivering in a just decision

• Encapsulates all evidence in Islam (except ilmu al-Qadi)

> s 130 SEA“consistent with Hukum Syarak”

> s 3 SEA4 Mazhabs, exclude Zahiris (rejecting Ibn Hazm’s Ilmu al-Qadi)

IZZAH ZAHIN ALIMAN

Abdul Hanif lwn Rabiah JH 1997• Issues: Wife claimed fasakh• Cases involving Mal – Shahadah - Sural al-Baqarah:282• Cases on husband beat wife – Bayyinah + Qarinah

2014

01/05/2023IZZAH ZAHIN ALIMAN

Norazaha bin Arifffin lwn Rohana binti Othman (1999) 13 JH(I) 91• Issues - Wife claimed divorce by takliq• Court accepted shahadah of both parties=bayyinah +

s 88 SEA• Cases involving mal – testimony by 1 witness +oath• Cases involving rights – 2 or more witnesses –

Surah al-Baqarah:282• Ibn Qayyim & Ors’s terminology on bayyinah- suitable

for civil & syarie cases – can be shahadah, qarinah, yamin, ra’yu khabir , (but) ilmu qadhi (?)

01/05/2023IZZAH ZAHIN ALIMAN

Hazlina bt Hamidin v Muhamad Zaidi bin Majid (2005) 2 ShLR 140• Wife claimed mut’ah• “Oral testimony”- testimony given by witnesses• “witness” exclude Plaintiff & Defendant• Claim must be written down – clear – detail• The purpose of Plaintiff/Defendant in giving testimony for

internalizing certain reasons of claims/facts – not a testimony to prove the right

• Dispute between husband and wife – pleadings (written form) – will reveal bad things when giving testimony

• Al-muddai’e – one whose words contradict to zahir• Al-Muddai’e alaih - one who claims something apparent