TRAK wuf - repository.uinjkt.ac.idrepository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/bitstream/123456789... · rumus an...
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v i K A R T S B A o j r a h a R z i z A n i h i s a N i c u R a w e D t a r e S k i t o i m e S s i s i l a n A f u w a s a t n a r a j a t a u m e m I a r u p i d a s a Y i a y K h e l o h a b u g i d g n a y i c u R a w e D t a r e S . a w a J k i t s i m n a r a j a n a g n e d n a k r a j a j e s i d a y n n a a w a b m e p m a l a d g n a y a l i n n a k i a p m a y n e m k u t n u n a k a j a g n e s i d a y n n a a t p i c n e P i- e k i a l i n - a d a p e k n a m a l s I i s i d a r t n a s i r a w n a k a p u r e m i n i m a c a m e s a r t s a S a y r a K . u t i a l a k a w a J t a k a r a y s a m h a l n a i k i m e d a r a c n a g n e d i n i k a y i d g n a y i l a w a r a p h e l o n a k n u r u t i d g n a y h a w k a d r e b d i s i i d h a l e t a y n m u l e b e s g n a y h a y a l i w , a r a t n a s u N i d n a k r a b e s i d t a p a d m a l s I n a g n e . a h d u B n a d , u d n i H , e m s i m a n i d , e m s i m e n a a y a d u b l o b m i s n a d a s a h a b g n a t n e t u r a b i s a r e n e g n a m a h a m e p i n i t a a S - l o b m i s i s a k i n u m o k i m a l a g n e m k a y n a b u l u h a d r e t t a k a r a y s a m h e l o n a k a n u g i d a s a i b g n a y i s r o t s i d t a u m r e t g n a y r u h u l n a r a j a p a d a h r e t n a m a h a m e p k u s a m r e T . t a r e S m a l a d i r a d d u s k a m i t r e g n e m g n a y g n a r o i g a l k a y n a b k a d i t h a d u s i n i t a a s , i c u R a w e D l o b m i s - , a k a m , n a i k i m e d n a g n e D . a y n m a l a d i d n a k a n u g i d g n a y l o b m i s n a i t i l e n e p g n e m d u s k a m r e b i n i n a i d u m e k r a g a , a y n a d a p i r a d m a l a d n e m n a r i s f a n e p n a k a d a n a k s i l u t i d t a p a d t a k a r a y s a m a d a p e k n a k s a u l r a b e s i d a t r e s a c a b i d t a p a d n a d , a n u g . a y n m a l a d i d g n u d n a k r e t g n a y n a r a j a s a t a n a m a h a m e p i r e b m e m e d o t e m n a k a n u g g n e m i n i a y r a k m a l a d i c u R a w e D t a r e S n a g n u d n a k n a i l a g g n e P n a a n u g g n e p n a g n e d s i t i l a n a f i t p i r k s e d f i t a t i l a u k n a i t i l e n e p e s k i t o i m i a g a b e s e d o t e m h a l a d a n a k a n u g i d g n a y k i t o i m e s s i s i l a n a e d o t e m n u p a d A . s i s i l a n a e d o t e m g n a y a d a p n a k s u k o f m e m n a g n e d u t i a y , e r u s s u a S e d d n a n i d r e F h e l o n a k s u m u r i d k i n o r k n i s a s a h a b s i s i l a n a g n a t n e t n a s u m u r - a d n a n e p p e s n o k n a d k i n o r k a i d - s i s i l a n A . a d n a t e p g n a y n a a n k a m e p n a i l a g g n e p a r a c n a g n e d n a k u k a l i d k i t o i m e s u l u h a d r e t i t i l e n e p a r a p h e l o n a k u k a l i d h a l e t p i r k s u n a m m a l a d - g n a y p i r k s u n a m g n a y a w a J a y a d u b u k a l e p i r a d i s a m r o f n i n a d a t a d i r a c n e m n a g n e d a t r e s , a d a w e D t a r e S n a g n u d n a k g n a t n e t s a u l n a s a w a w i k i l i m e m . i c u R a a y n a s a w h a b n a l u p m i s e k h a l a d a i n i n a i t i l e n e p i r a d l i s a H i s i t a r e S n a g n u d n a k a g u j l a n e k i d n a i d u m e k g n a y i f a s l a f f u w a s a t n a r a j a n a g n e d i s a n i m o d i d i c u R a w e D . n e w a j e k k i t s i m n a r a j a n a g n e d l o b m i S - a y n m a l a d i d n a k a n u g i d g n a y l o b m i s l n a r a b m a g g n e p n a k a p u r e m k u t n u g n a r o e s e s i n a l a j i d s u r a h g n a y t a k a r i t u k a l e . a w i j n a i c u s e k n a d l a u t i r i p s m a l a d i g g n i t n a t a k g n i t i a p a g g n e m n a g n a l a k k a y n a B n a i r a c n e p n a k u j u r i a g a b e s i c u R a w e D a t i r e c n a k i d a j n e m g n a y a w a J t a k a r a y s a m . a i s u n a m i r i d i t a j
Transcript of TRAK wuf - repository.uinjkt.ac.idrepository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/bitstream/123456789... · rumus an...
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KARTSBA
ojrahaR zizA nihisaN icuR aweD tareS kitoimeS sisilanA
fuwasat naraja taumem I arupidasaY iayK helo habugid gnay icuR aweD tareS.awaJ kitsim naraja nagned nakrajajesid aynnaawabmep malad gnay
alin nakiapmaynem kutnu nakajagnesid aynnaatpicneP i- ek ialin - adapek namalsI isidart nasiraw nakapurem ini macames artsaS ayraK .uti alak awaJ takaraysam halnaikimed arac nagned inikayid gnay ilaw arap helo naknurutid gnay hawkadreb
d isiid halet aynmulebes gnay hayaliw ,aratnasuN id nakrabesid tapad malsI nagne.ahduB nad ,udniH ,emsimanid ,emsimena ayadub
lobmis nad asahab gnatnet urab isareneg namahamep ini taaS - lobmis isakinumok imalagnem kaynab uluhadret takaraysam helo nakanugid asaib gnay
isrotsid taumret gnay ruhul naraja padahret namahamep kusamreT . tareS malad irad duskam itregnem gnay gnaro igal kaynab kadit hadus ini taas ,icuR aweD
lobmis - ,akam ,naikimed nagneD .aynmalad id nakanugid gnay lobmis naitilenepgnem duskamreb ini naidumek raga ,aynadap irad maladnem narisfanep nakada
naksilutid tapad takaraysam adapek naksaul rabesid atres acabid tapad nad , anug.aynmalad id gnudnakret gnay naraja sata namahamep irebmem
edotem nakanuggnem ini ayrak malad icuR aweD tareS nagnudnak nailaggneP naanuggnep nagned sitilana fitpirksed fitatilauk naitilenep es kitoim iagabes
edotem halada nakanugid gnay kitoimes sisilana edotem nupadA .sisilana edotemgnay adap naksukofmem nagned utiay ,erussuaS ed dnanidreF helo naksumurid
kinorknis asahab sisilana gnatnet nasumur - adnanep pesnok nad kinorkaid - sisilanA .adnatep gnay naankamep nailaggnep arac nagned nakukalid kitoimes
uluhadret itilenep arap helo nakukalid halet pirksunam malad - gnay pirksunam gnay awaJ ayadub ukalep irad isamrofni nad atad iracnem nagned atres ,ada
weD tareS nagnudnak gnatnet saul nasawaw ikilimem .icuR a aynasawhab nalupmisek halada ini naitilenep irad lisaH isi tareS nagnudnak
aguj lanekid naidumek gnay ifaslaf fuwasat naraja nagned isanimodid icuR aweD .newajek kitsim naraja nagned lobmiS - aynmalad id nakanugid gnay lobmis
l narabmaggnep nakapurem kutnu gnaroeses inalajid surah gnay takarit ukale .awij naicusek nad lautirips malad iggnit natakgnit iapaggnem nagnalak kaynaB
nairacnep nakujur iagabes icuR aweD atirec nakidajnem gnay awaJ takaraysam.aisunam irid itaj
v
RATNAGNEP ATAK
rukuyS mahlA hallilud , halet gnay TWS hallA taridahek nakrutah silunep
( naknizignem nanekreb ihinzdi ib lesret aynrihka ini ispirks ) e haletes ,nakias
atres ,hayap hirej ,nahuggnusek nagned gnajnap pukuc gnay sesorp iulalem
.narabasek
aitnanes agomes malas atres tawalahS ,raseb nagnujnuj adapek nakhapmilret as
WAS dammahuM ibaN itajes naharecnep naktapadnem aisunam ayntakreb gnay
hibelem naharecnep i - id gnay naharecnep .ini irah ainud helo inikay
naiatnu nakrutahgnem silunep ini ispirks ratnagnep adap ,naknanekreP
isakamiret gnusgnal araces kiab utnabmem halet gnay kahip aumes adapek h
.ini nahailukrep rihka sagut nasilunep malad gnusgnal kat nupuata
1. ukales tayadiH niduramoK .rD .forP adapek nakrutah silunep hisakamireT
F nakeD ukales ,.AM ,nahbuS feirA .rD ,atrakaJ NIU rotkeR .srD ,MOKDI
,IPK nasuruJ auteK ukales ,.iSM ,inormuJ ubI atres - ayn ,IPK awsisaham
,haforaysuM imU ,.AM .IPK nasuruJ siraterkeS ukales
2. isakamireT h ,.AM ,idiagnuS dammahuM .srD ,gnibmibmep nesod adapek
nagnipmadnep atres nahara nakirebmem aynnarabasek sata itneh kat gnay -
ispirks nasilunep nakiaseleynem halet silunep ini taas aggnihes aynitneh
.ini
3. sata ,ihusaN dimaH .rD adapek hiskamireT gnirahs - tareS ratupes ayn
nad atad nairebmep sata hiskamiret ,uti irad hibel gnay naD .icuR aweD
rep uaileb gnay isamrofni helo adapek nakirebid ,uti hayap hasus araces
nagned silunep amuc - amuc . silunep abbeT namriduS kaP adapek aguJ
atad nairebmep sata awaJ fuwasat nagned natiakreb gnay ukub aparebeb
.silunep utnabmem tagnas gnay
4. hdnA iK nad onodraW okoJ iK adapek hisakamireT sata ,.neS.S aki
ep ratupes isamrofni r /icuR aweD nokal nad aynmumu adap nagnayaw
uaileb gnay ,aynsusuhk adap icuS amiB - .silunep adapek nakigab uaileb
5. hayiaM satisrevinU rotkeR adapek hisakamireT habm arap atres ,ahmE
id haamaj nad raseb urug nasuN hurules gnahdaP ,atniC irudneK :arat
.nateW gnabgnaB nad ,taafayS gnabmaG ,taafayS tapacaM ,naluB aumeS
ais naka kadit ahasu - .ayajreb ilabmek naka aratnasuN .ais
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6. irT ubi gnejnak ,ojdrahoguM amar gnejnak ,agraulek adapek hisakamireT
lunep kakak audek atres ,inayluM itnaY akE ruN ,si agraulekes nad
la nasaH riwanuM - .ini amales nakirebid gnay natagnahek sata ,izuaF
7. adapek hisakamireT nawak - nawak “ gnorkgnon ” artsaS nagnorkgnoT
nad ,inirahaM ,mahoM ,kideD , naypoS pesA ,ykkaZ maharbA :alakajneS
ta gnorkgnon atoggna aumes .amasreb igabid gnilas gnay lah kaynab sa
8. lA raseb agraulek adapek hisakamireT - ,mihcoR ,naiN :etutitsnI hakraB
,nemoD ,dijaM ,rajaF ,mamI ,bibaH ,ahcI ,niI ,halluzizA enkap nad ,mazA
inuhgnep aumes pmacesab sata ”,nirijahum“ nupuam ”rohsna“ muak kiab ,
niek .silunep nagned nanawakrep namit
9. )ATUSKAMAKI( atrakaruS NKAM inmulA natakI adapek hisakamireT
,irmA ,’ahaB ,aylU ,siA ,lamaK ,diraF :ayaR atrakaJ ,nimA ,rajaF ,hadiaS
,aisu anerak nakroines silunep halet gnay kiab inmula hurules nad ,iraS
lagnep nad ,rirak id awsisaham idajnem hisam gnay nupuata ,nama
silunep adap nakrajagnem akerem nagned naamasrebeK .KEBATEDOBAJ
.naaraduasrep itra
01 . adapek nakiapmas silunep apul kat hisakamireT utarhaZ yiblaQ akI ,
.itneh adait gnay isavitom sata ,anailuY nitahirP
tabreteK nakmutnacnem nikgnum kat silunep nakayacsinem ,gnaur nasa
utasreputas silunep utnabmem halet gnay kahip aumes kat gnay akerem igaB .
nagnep malad aynaman tubesret rat irad gnaruk kat silunep hisakamiret rutah ,ini
aman - .sata id tarusret gnay aman
tsaL on tub ,tsael t utnet ini ispirks kusamret ,ini ainud id anrupmes gnay adait
tagnas aynpadahret naras nad ,kitirk ,nakusam alageS .naanrupmesek irad huaj
.nakitnan nad nakparah silunep
0102 rebmeseD 21 ,tatupiC
,siluneP
iiv
ISI RATFAD
.....................KARTSBA ..................................................................................... ... .. i
...............................................................RATNAGNEP ATAK ............................. v
............................................ISI RATFAD .............................. ............................... iiv
......................................................NAULUHADNEP I BAB ................................. 1
A. .............................................................halasaM gnakaleB rataL ........... 1
B. ......................halasaM nasumureP nad nasatabmeP .............................. 8
C. ...........................naitileneP naanugeK nad naujuT ............................... 8
D. naitileneP igolodoteM ........................................... ...................... ..... .... . 9
E. akatsuP nauajniT .......................................................................... 31 .......
F. siluneP akitametsiS .............................................na ............................. 41
NAUAJNIT II BAB .............................................SITIROET 61 ..............................
A. saS nauajniT ...........................................awaJ art ...................... .. 71 ........
1. ......................................onuK awaJ artsaS ............... 71 ...............
2. ............................nahagnetreP awaJ artsaS 91 .............................
3. ........................................uraB awaJ artsaS 02 .............................
4. ................................nredoM awaJ artsaS .............. .................. 22
B. ......................................................................fuwasaT nauajniT .......... 22
1. T 22 .........................................................fuwasaTmumU nauajni
2. ...........................awaJ kitsiM nad fuwasaT ... 42 ..........................
C. ......................................kitoimeS mumU nauajniT 72 .............................
1. ................artsaS ayraK malad akitoimeS ................................ 29
2. ..............erussuaS ed dnanidreF akitoimeS ........ 23 .....................
.......................ICUR AWED TARES MUMU NARABMAG III BAB ... 43 ............
A. ................................................icuR aweD akatsuP 43 .............................
B. ................................I arupidasaY ifargoiB ............. 04 .............................
iiiv
C. ...icuR aweD tareS malad malsI ayaduB huragneP 54 .............................
D. D tareS malad )aradukreW( amiB nahokoneP .....................icuR awe 49
E. S ..................................icuR aweD tareS sisponi .. ..... .. 15 ........................
VI BAB LIBMIS ISKURTSNOK SISILANA( ICUR AWED TARES MALAD
.................)ICUR AWED TARES KITOIMES .................................................... 45
A. eK tiaB - 2 aluggnadnahD ............icuR aweD tareS I .. ......... 65 ...............
B. eK tiaB - 3 aluggnadnahD icuR aweD tareS I ...... ....... .. ....................... 06
C. eK tiaB - 4 aluggnadnahD ...icuR aweD tareS I ........... .. ................. ..... 36
D. eK tiaB - 5 aluggnadnahD icuR aweD tareS I ...... ......... .. ................ 96 .....
...................................................................PUTUNEP V BAB 37 .............................
A. nalupmiseK ...................................................... 37 ...................................
B. naitileneP naraS .............. ............................ 47 .........................................
..............................................................AKATSUP RATFAD 7 ............................. 6
.................................................................NARIPMAL ............ ............................. 79
1
I BAB
NAULUHADNEP
.A halasaM gnakaleB rataL
”ognoS ilaW“ aynsusuhk ilaw araP 1 naraja nakrabeynem amagA id malsI
.arac macam iagabreb iulalem aratnasuN nupadA paggnaid gnilap gnay arac
b padahret fitaiserpa tagnas gnay edotem naparenep nagned halada seskus ,ayadu
nial aratna iulalem isalimisa “ naayadubek ”lakol ialin nagned - ek ialin -I namals
.)ayadub nagned amaga aratna nakkuda rupmacnem itrareb nakub(
nakanugid gnay edoteM upmam ini ilaw arap idajnem itkub ek - lil natamhaR
nimalA‘ - malsI na igab eT .takaraysam nad ,nahatreb malsI ini irah iapmas itkubr
naiapacneP .malsI amagareb aisenodnI kududnep %08 irad hibel ini irah nakhab
tagnas gnay nalisahrebek nakapurem ini kiab ynmulebes tagnignem , amales a
helo isiid halet nuhat nasutar atres tadaitsi tada amaga udniH - .ahduB
malsI nagned ini iregen id malsI nakadebmem gnay halini nutnas gnay edoteM
gnay )lagutroP naigabes nad loynapS gnarakes( aisuladnA id halet tapmes
iggnit nabadarep ikilimem gnay ”bilas“ nakusap helo hutnur aynrihka numan ,
1 halada ini sketnok malad ilaW ,halluyilaw gnaro utiay - natakedek ikilimem gnay gnaro
ilaW ,idaJ .nalibmes itrareb gnay awaJ asahab irad lasareb ognos nakgnades ,hallA nagned ognoSm sagutreb gnay ilaw nalibmes kutnu natubes halada awaJ id malsI naraja nakrabeyne sugilakes
naajarek id naamagaek tahesanep iagabes helo asauk irebid tubesret ilaw arap aynsagut malaD . ajar )awaJ malsI naajareK( kilaM analuaM aynlasim ,utnetret hayaliw utaus iasaugnem kutnu
liw id naasaukek irebid miharbI irebid qidahS raf’aJ ,kiserG nanuS ralegreb akam ,kiserG haya.suduK nanuS ralegreb akam ,suduK hayaliw id naasaukek ,itayluM irS asuN fuwasaT ;aratn
akumekreT ifuS naiakgnaR puorG aideM anaderP anacneK :atrakaJ( 5002 , 01 .h ,) - .11 .forPtugnem ,nomiS unasaH anatsI id napmisret gnay linisiro haksan rasadreb ,iduyhaW nansA irad pi
natluS nasutu ,hamorak ikilimem gnay amalu nalibmes halada aynlawa adap ognoS ilaW ,lubnatsIawaJ hanaT id hawkadreb kutnu I dammahuM 4041 nuhat adap ini lah ,aynnagnaretek malaD .
guj a halet silutid hahtutaB lunbI batik malad .muH luznaK ,nomiS unasaH itiS hkeyS iretsiM awaJ hanaT nakmalsigneM malad ognoS ilaW nareP ;raneJ ek tec ,)rajaleP akatsuP :atrakaygoY( -
iixx .h ,5002 ,2 .
2
isid asilana aparebeb malad id malsI aynridah anerak rilayn gnadep nagned anas
.gnadep nagned alup rihkareb akam ,)nakududnep nad nasarekek(
nakridahgnem nagned nial aratna uti ilaw arap hawkad nanutnasek kutneB
iskudorp hanar malad ek malsI safan - itrepes nainesek nad ayadub iskudorp
nakujnutrep utnet uti utkaw ilaw arap nagnabmitreP .artsas nad ,nalemag ,gnayaw
kaynab naklupmugnem asib gnilap gnay utauses halada nainesek awhab tahilem
tiluk gnayaw nakujnutreP .aynnakiskaynem kutnu gnaro , ,aynlasim
arik uti utkaw adap aynnaadarebek - ik iD .ini irah kisum resnok nagned amas ar
id akam ,ralegid anam gnodnobreb gnaro kaynab naka utis - kutnu gnodnob
tnu ilaw arap naktaafnamid gnay haluti macames isidnoK .ayniridahgnem ku
hautep nakpisiynem - ek hautep -I .namals
asar ,atpic lisah halada naayadubeK udapret gnay aisunam iggnit asrak nad ,
ayrak malad kudorp apureb( artsas nad ayadub ) utnet ,naikimed nagneD .
naitra malaD .namaz gnajnapes gnanekid nad ada ulales naka naayadubek ,
irah naayadubek nad ,ini irah naksupahret helob kadit uluhadret naayadubek ini
hotnoc iagabeS .gnatad naka gnay asam adap naksupahret hanrep naka kadit nup ,
nup napak iapmas ,aynlasim artsas ayrak gnanegnem naka atik eN amagatrekarag ,
amatahdeW tareS ,inihtneC tareS ,anayamaR ,ahduY atarahB ,ayniagabes nial nad
.ayrak aham iagabes patet naka atik itnan iapmas ,urab artsas nagned nuP
“ aynayrak nagned ilsuR haraM lanegnem itiS ridkaT natuS ”,ayabruN
anabhajsilA nagned rawna liriahC ”,gnabmekreT rayaL“ aynayrak nagned
A ”,ukA“ aynayrak il A rabk maK uaruS aynhoboR“ aynayrak nagned sifaN nad ”,i
ayrak nakhab - ayrak ”ignaleP raksaL“ itrepes nalucnumreb suret gnay ayrak
3
atariH aerdnA aguj artsas nanalajrep iromem adap tapmet tapadnem suret naka
.ayadub nad
artsas :utiay ,macam aud irad iridret aisenodnI artsas hanazahk ,kejbo iagabeS
nad amal id rabesret ,aratnasuN artsas aguj tubesid amal artsaS .nredom artsas
asahab nakanuggnem ,aisenodnI hurules - artsas uata nredom artsaS .haread asahab
asahab nakanuggnem ipatet ,aisenodnI hurules id rabesret aguj ,lanoisan
artsas sirotsih araceS .aisenodnI asam aynrihkareb kajes rihal ialum amal
apureb terkgnok lisah nagned ,naayadubek lanegnem aisunam kajes ,harajesarp
nasil isidart nad ,gnegnod ,hatapep ( erolklof ) naidumek gnay ,nial gnay
ek daba lawa aggnih ,malsI nad udniH naayadubek nagned naktujnalid -2 .0
ek daba haletes naidumeK - artsas nagned tubesid gnay halrihal 02 nredom gnay
nagned iadnatid nad ,rageriS irareM ayrak ”arasgneS nad bazA“ ayntibret
.nimaY .M ayrak ”arasgneS nad riA hanaT“ isiup nalupmuk 2
udorp utas halas iagabes artsas ayrak naadarebeK halini ayadub k , ulud akam
aynnakidajnem ilaw arap iagabes .malsI isim nakrabeynem kutnu tala utas halas
hotnoc iagabeS , atpicnem gnanoB nanuS jilaK nanuS ,kulus aparebeb nak aga
ni nakatpicnem nemurts riays nasilunep nasumur apureb gnay artsas nasilunep
gnay ,nakiynaynid asib aynlisah gnay hisam ini irah iapmas nad iakapid
akgnabmekid utiay ,n tapacam gnabmet D ggnadna alu . nialeS nanuS ilaK j ,aga
ilaw - nakatpicnem iriG nanuS itrepes ,nakatpicnem aguj nial gnay ilaw gnabmet
anadnaramsA nad ,gnucuP nem gnanoB nanuS gnabmet nakatpic ,amiwD nanuS
gnabmet nakatpicnem suduK gnabmamuksaM nad ,lijiM airuM nanuS
gnabmet nakatpicnem moniS nad ,ihtnaniK jarD nanuS ta gnabmet nakatpicnem
2 antaR ahtuK namoyN , naitileneP kinkeT nad ,edoteM ,iroeT emsilarutkurtS irad ;artsaS
larutkurtsoP aggnih fitaraN anacaW fitkepsreP ;emsi ( oY rajaleP akatsuP :atrakayg ,)7002 , 21 .h .
4
.rukgnaP 3 hawkadreb isidart ”,ognoS ilaW“ haletes asam adap aynrihka iapmaS
artsas iulalem aggnajup arap nad nertnasep amalu utiay ,hokot aud isirawid
nagned sahk aynartsas ayrak ,aggnajup kutnu susuhK .malsI marataM naajareK
lanekid kaynab gnay itrepes ,fuwasat nasep , irS ayrak hergnaluW tareS utiay
irS ayrak inihtneC tareS ,VI anawubukaP nanuS tareS ,V anawubukaP nanuS
,VI aragenukgnaM ayrak amatahdeW 4 ayrak icuR aweD tareS nad kelobaC tareS
ayrak adap iapmas aggnih ,I arupidasaY .gN .R - paggnaid gnay siradnegel ayrak
iagabes ak ayrak aggnajup n tareS ,gnadoL okoJ tareS itrepes ,atrakaruS rihkaret
riW alaK tareS nad ,itaJ tayadiH di lahirep gnatnet taumem aynmalad id gnay ahdit
.atisrawaggnaR .gN.R ayrak ”nade namaz“
iagabeS hawkad aidem nakapurem aguj gnay iggnit artsas ayrak utas halas
,awaJ ualuP id atalej taykar nagnalak kutnu fitkefe gnay malsI 5 tareS icuR aweD
nalaggnit nakapurem agrahreb nakub rihalret ikseM .awaJ malsI naakatsupek
inrum malsI ayadub mihar irad )hanidaM nad hakeM( , iapmas aynatirec isi numan
tapadret gnay narajA .fuwasat hawkad nataum idajnem habureb halet ini irah
m aynmaladid gnudnagne nasep aynitajes gnay aisunam irid itaj nairacnep sesorp
la mamI helo nakatakid itrepeS .nahutreb kulhkam halada - aguj gnay ilazahG
‘ irad pitukid amalu adapek iapmas ayntanas naktabsinid nakhab nad ,uluhadnep
,WAS hallulusaR af ,uhasfan afara‘ naM“ ”uhabbar afara‘ daq :aynitra gnay ,
.aynnahuT lanegnem ai akam ,aynirid ilanegnem apais gnarab
3 ,ortsasidreW saylI .MH ognoS ilaW nad adasamilaK sireK ,gnihsilbuP inapmiT :atrakaJ(
h ,)8002 awhab naktubesid ,idawruP malaD .59 . kuluS nakatpicnem gnanoB nanuS .lijuWatpicnep halasam nakgnadeS gnabmet na - es ai ,gnabmet apadnep asidreW nagned t :tahiL .orts
,idawruP ,awaJ artsaS harajeS h ,)7002 ,adiahS :atrakaygoY( 811 . - 521 . 4 usaN dimaH ,ih aweD tareS I arupidasaY awaJ fuwasaT ;icur ,sserP atrakaJ NIU :atrakaJ(
h ,)9002 6 . . 5 .A jojdimaortsaS oneS ,o weD aretirejT ajntafasliF itrA nagneD ictuR a ( atniK :atrakaJ ,
,)7691 h. 3.
5
gnay abmah gnaroes nanalajrep hasik nakrabmaggnem icuR aweD tareS
abmah naapmujrep utiaY .hadabireb natamkinek kacnup iapaggnem kadneh
aynnahuT nagned )nashi( nU . gnaroes akam ,tubesret natamkinek iapacnem kut
gnabmib nad ,tukat ,ugar asar ,naiwainudek tafis naklaggninem surah abmah
huggnusreb kutnu - nakijabek ujunem patnam hakgnal libmagnem malad huggnus
parahgnem aynah atames gnay ahldir irad - .ayN ini malaD , ulusaR WAS hall
:adbasreb
كارـي هنإف هارـت نكت مل نإف هارـت كنأك هللا دبعـت نأ لاق ناسحإلا نع ىنربخأف لاق
d malsI uti apa nasalejnep tapadnem haletes( )uti aynanep akam ,namI na :adbasreb )hallulusaR( !?nashI gnatnet ukadap halnakrabak nad :aynatreb uaknE
aes hallA adapek hadabireb nak - .ayntahilem uakgne naka akiJ kadit uakgneumtahilem aiD aynhuggnuses )awhab asarem uakgne aynkadites( ,ayntahilem .
.R.H( )duaD ubA 6
nup napak nad nup apa taas adap ada ulales nahut awhab naasarep ianegneM
la malad id namrifreb hallA ,adareb aisunam - la tarus na’ruQ - :4 taya )75( didaH
... adareb umak ajas amam id umak amasreb aid nad
6 la nib namialuS duaD ubA - la sta’ysA - inatsijiS , duaD ubA nanuS , 4 .lov la raD :turieB( - batiK
la - ,ibarA‘ t.t h ,) .93 . id awitsirep nakapurem ini stidaH ramaynem nagned SA lirbiJ takialaM anam abres naiakap nakanegnem nagned WAS hallulusaR adapek aynatreb nigni gnay gnaroes iagabes
ynatreb aynrihka mulebes nashI naidumek ,namI ,malsI gnatnet aynatreb SA lirbiJ .hitup gnatnet aadnat nad tamaik irah - ini ,namI nad malsI haletes adareb nashI naturu ini stidah malaD .aynadnat
ek awhab adnatrep haubes nakapurem - nashi - .namI nad malsI haletes iapacid naka gnaroeses na
6
awhab lilad idajnem ,sata id tubesret WAS ibaN adbaS nad hallA namriF
asaitnanes gnay hallA naadarebek sata naradasek ikilimem tutnutid aisunam
rep kadit nad ,rudit kadit ,tahilem sata asauK ahaM aiD .utauses naka apul han
nakukalid gnay apa sata macnagneM ahaM atres ,lidA ahaM ,utauses alages
anerak rubakat asarem kadit raga ini lah iradaynem aynsurahes aisunaM .aisunam
ah alages malad hibel atres ,ratnip ,tauk ,itkas ,tabeh asarem .nial gnaro irad l
,uti naanrupmesek alages ikilimem gnay halhallA aynhuggnuseS nad niales nakub
adap irad - .ayN nasilunep malad naujut idajnem gnay halini macames naradaseK
gnay ajas apais igab naradasek ikadnehgnem aynnagnudnaK .icuR aweD tareS
rajalepmem .ayni
gnay nasep nasamegnep awhab halada ini irah nahaserek idajnem numaN
,irajalepid kutnu igal kiranem kadit hadus icuR aweD tareS malad gnudnakret
lobmis nagned taras gnay aynnaawabmep nakhab - itregnemid kadit ialum lobmis
alet haloeS .adum isareneg helo aggnajup namahamep aratna nasutupretek idajret h
taas isareneg igab nakkutnurepid gnay ayag nakanuggnem silunem malad uluhad
anerak naknikgnumid ini laH .ini taas adum isareneg namahamep nagned ,uti
nagnubmanisekreb gnay umli nasirawep idajret kadit gnamem isareneg ratna
idajnem suraH .icuR aweD tareS malad gnudnakid gnay ruhul nasep gnatnet
nakridahgnem aynarac anamiagab ,halada ini irah isimedaka arap igab naradasek
gnamem tagnignem ,nainikek sketnok kutnu uti icuR aweD tareS nasep isi
naruk gnay ayndujuw pudih gnay takaraysam helo itregnemid hasus nad kiranem g
lobmis ihunepid icuR aweD tareS isI .ini nredom are adap - salej kadit gnay lobmis
acabid salikes aynah akij . nakbabesid ini laH anerak isareneg rihka kadit ini
7
bes ankam isnevnok namahapesek itregnem tareS anam id malis asam anamiaga
.silutid icuR aweD uti irad akaM , ep nakadaid ulrep narisfat nagned nasahabm
gnay labmek itregnemid tapad uti raseb ayrak raga icnirepret .aynitra nad duskam i
laH ini ankam nailaggnep nagned nakukalid surah - ankam asep irad n- nasep
takaraysam isaterpretni nagned iauses tubesret atirec adap tapadret gnay kilobmis
am iulalem malis asam adap pirksun - pirksunam nasilut , - taumem gnay nasilut
lobmis padahret naankamep - ,icuR aweD tareS malad lobmis asalejnep nad n arap
s awaJ nawayadub .ayadub umli sirawep sugilakes taigep iagabe
id ankam nailaggnep kutnU lobmis kilab - atirec malad tapadret gnay lobmis
m ,tubesret icuR aweD utas halas aka gnay asilana edotem gnilap halada kococ
gnay edotem halada ini edoteM .kitoimes edotem abocnem negnem nad lobmis ila
aynnakhamejrenem satnal maladnem araces .
,isakinumoK umlI nad hawkaD umlI nilpisid nagnabmegnep ayapu iagabeS
nakudamem upmam nakparahid ini naitilenep aratna ,nagnitnepek iagabreb
ep nagned hawkad nagnitnepek kutnu kitsifus ialin nailaggnep em naanuggn edot
gnay kitoimes sisilana isakinumok naitilenep edotem utas halas nakapurem
.fitatilauk ,naikimed nagneD SISILANA“ luduj irebid ini naitilenep akam
.”ICUR AWED TARES KITOIMES
nasumureP nad nasatabmeP .B halasaM
nasatabmeP ilenep malad halasam p halada ini nait irad nasep isi sata nailaggne
si lobm - icuR aweD tareS atirec adap tapadret gnay lobmis . sukoF ini naitilenep
adap tapadret gnay nageda nupuata ,tamilak ,atak adap aynah isatabid ek tiab - 2
8
ek tiab nagned iapmas - 5 dnagnem gnay icuR aweD tareS nad kilobmis rusnu gnu
aynnakiapmasid gnay nasep isi itregnem kutnu asilana nakulremem .
:tukireb iagabes halada aynhalasam nasumur nupadA
1. iskurtsnok anamiagaB bmis icuR aweD tareS malad lo ?
2. ?fuwasat umli nagned icuR aweD tareS natiakretek apA
nad naujuT .C naitileneP taafnaM
naitilenep irad naujuT ini nasep iuhategnem kutnu halada - gnay ruhul nasep
icuR aweD tareS malad gnudnakret umlI nagned aynnatiakretek iracnem atres
fuwasaT lobmis sata naankamep iulalem - id tapadret gnay lobmis gnay aynmalad
kadit hadus eler v amep igab igal na gnaro nakaynabek namah namaz adap .ini
ini naitilenep taafnam nupadA :tukireb iagabes halada
1. ,simedaka iges malaD naitilenep nakparahid ini nakirebmem upmam
iroet nagnabmegnep naujamek padahret liir isubirtnok - malad kiab iroet
aD umli amaturet ,isimedaka arap igab nad helo isakinumoK nupuam hawk
umlI satlukaF aynsusuhk ,atrakaJ hallutayadiH firayS NIU awsisaham
.isakinumoK umlI nad hawkaD
2. ,aynsitkarp iges malaD ini naitilenep ,naujut fargarap malad aretret iauses
rebmem upmam nakparahid isamrofni naki gnay ruhul iailin gnatnet
ilabmek naksumurid tapad raga icuR aweD tareS malad gnudnakret
nasep nahurulesek - taykarem hibel gnay urab ayrak malad tubesret nasep
kutneb malad urab ayrak aynrihal itrepes ,namaz natutnut nagned iauses
siup ,levon aynruhul naraja libmagnem gnay mlif uata ,amard ,nasikul ,i
aynkadites akam ,naikimed iapmas kadit akiJ .amatu nasep iagabes
9
lobmis sata naankamep naklisahgnem upmam nakparahid ini naitilenep -
em aynitnan aggnihes ,icuR aweD tareS malad tapadret gnay lobmis idajn
ayrak nad ihusaN dimaH .rD ayrak irad pakgnelep - nial naitilenep ayrak
nigni gnay ajas apais igab nahadumek irebmep iagabes ada hadus gnay
.tubesret tareS irajalepmem
D naitileneP igolodoteM .
naitileneP edoteM .1
edoteM malad kanuggnem ini naitilenep na itpirksed fitatilauk natakednep f
sitilana hilipid gnay edoteM .sisilana edotem iagabes kitoimes pesnok nagned
lisah aynitnan nad ,fitkejbus amgidarap hanar malad kusam amgidarap araces
itilenep satifitkejbus irad sapelret asib kadit sisilana . id itrepeS atinaR helo pituk
paharaH itnalrE , elttiL nad ,iradoQ dammahuM ,damhA unbI ,oybiduS sugA irad
rabaK“ malad nhoJ - ”,assaM aideM id amagA akgnasarP ;naicnebeK rabak
satifitkejbus rusnu irad naksapelid asib kadit naankamep sesorp awhab naksalejid
ankam irebmep iroet anerak , - itilenep gnaroes naknizignem gnamem ini sinej iroet
namalagnep huragnep tabika fitkejbus araces sket sata isaterpretnignem
.aynpudih 7
sisilanA tinU nad naitileneP kejbO .2
ades ,icuR aweD tareS ,awaj artsas ayrak halada ini naitileneP kejbO tinu nakgn
nageda halada aynsisilana - tapadret gnay kilobmis rusnu gnudnagnem gnay nageda
7 paharaH itnalrE atinaR “ , H retsoP adap kitoimeS sisilanA umlI atileP nasayaY id SDIA/VI ”,
hallutayadiH firayS iregeN malsI satisrevinU ,isakinumoK nad hawkaD satlukaF I S ispirkS(.11 .h ,)8002 ,atrakaJ
01
umetreb amiB nageda nagned iapmas amatrep nageda irad icuR aweD tareS adap
.icuR aweD nagned
ataD nalupmugneP .3
p lisah nakgnubaggnem ini naitilenep atad nalupmugneP irad atad nahelore
atad nalupmugnep ,amatrep pahaT .pahat aparebeb - utiay sisilana tinu irad atad
nagneD .kilobmis rusnu gnudnagnem gnay atak nupuam ,tamilak ,nageda apureb
nem itsiugnil irad isaripsni libmag k suaS urts artsas kitirk haubes ,erus k naka larut
m narila adap irid nakhabsinem kutnu tauk gnay kiteroet isadnof nakumene
tnU .ayntunaid gnay )emsilarutkurts( urts artsas kitirk nakukalem ku k larut
nusuynem nagned adadiW .hR narawat itukignem itilenep akam ,ini macames
hakgnal - :tukireb iagabes hakgnal
1. abmeM .tamrec araces artsas ayrak ac
2. nasek aumes nakisalumukagnem nad tatacneM - malad lucnum gnay nasek
.naacabmep
3. gnologgnem nad nakisakifitnedigneM - nasek nakgnolog - turunem uti nasek
rusnu nagned aynnaiausesek nagnurednecek - aynlasim( utnetret isaran rusnu
t adap hoko - .)aynrula uata aynhokot
4. taraysi hurules nakumenem nad iracneM - adnat ,taraysi - gnay lautsket adnat
nagnatnetrep uata/nad naadebrep isaler nakkujnunem - sket malad nagnatnetrep
.tubesret renib isisopo nagnasap iagabes tubesid asaib gnay
5. n napirimek iracneM nagnasap aratnaid )igolomoh( rala - renib isisopo nagnasap
.tubesret
11
6. nagnasap malad ada gnay naisasinagrognep nad ,ikrareih ,hara iracneM -
malad ek )nakiskartsbaid( nakirasid naidumek kutnu renib isisopo nagnasap
es tapmet nakujur renib sisipo nagnasap haubes helorepmem renib isisopo aum
.aynralan 8
tareS nasep isi gnatnet sahabmem gnay isaretil atad naklupmugnem naidumeK
gnay icuR aweD tareS haksan padahret isavresbo nakadagnem agiteK .icuR aweD
ini lah malad nep fitaisini libmagnem silu isavresbo nakadagnem ek naakatsuprep
akatsuP anasaS nad targninidaH atrakaruS nananusaK notarK askeR naakatsuprep
akatsuP notarK aruP naragenukgnaM aweD tareS nasala nagned , nahabug icuR
.atrakaruS naggnajupak irad artsas ayrak nakapurem I arupidasaY napahaT
em kutnu ayntujnales kaynabes isamrofni ilaggnem utiay ,atad naklupmugn -
lobmis padahret awaJ ayadub namahamep isakifingis gnatnet aynkaynab - lobmis
nawayadub hokot adapek aracnawaw nakadagnem nagned icuR aweD tareS malad
.awaJ
ataD sisilanA .4
em itilenep ,ini naitilenep malaD ayrak iagabes icuR aweD tareS nakgnologgn
nenopmok iagabes atsemes naktarebkitinem gnay artsas ayrak ,utiay ,kitemim
.amatu
nagnacna utiay ,kitemim nagnacna naklubminem atsemes nenopmoKs ayrak haalenem malad id laisnerefer kepsa naklojnonem gnay artsasus .artsa
naurit nakapurem artsas ayrak halada ini kitemim nagnacna nagnadnap rasaD .ini ayar atsemes id aisunam napudihek nad ainud narabmaggnep uata mala ainud nagned aynnanilaj naka tahilid aynhaalet idajnem gnay artsas ayraK
8 ,adadiW .hR larutkutS artsaS kitirK edoteM haubeS ;artsaS kutnU erussuaS :atakaygoY(
73 .h )9002 ,artusalaJ - .83
21
uj nad mala atsemes uata atayn nial artsas ayrak nagned aynnagnubuh ag gnay artsas ayrak nakatpicnem kutnu naucagnep ratal uata margopih iagabes
.urab 9
nakgnadeS ilanagnem kutnu nakanuggnem ini naitilenep ,sis edotem sisilana
sas ayrak itilenem kutnu iauses inikayid ini edoteM .kitoimes kudorp iagabes art
ayadub , adaP .kitoimes niamod adap ajrekeb gnamem iridnes uti artsas anerak
uata arac utaus halada kitoimes sisilana awhab nakataynem tapad atik aynrasad
.sket itilenem kutnu kinket 01
es tahilid icuR aweD tareS malad tapadret gnay nasiluT kudorp utaus iagab
rusnu gnudnagnem gnay ayadub - ialinid tubesret rusnu aumeS .gnabmal rusnu
ini naitilenep malad nakanugid gnay edoteM .sket nahurulesek utaus iagabes
irid naksukofmem nagned erussuaS ed dnanidreF akitoimes pesnok nagned halada
a adap isilan kinorknis s - kinorkaid pesnok padahret nad refingis - .deifingis
E akatsuP nauajniT .
naitileneP adap kujurem ini tapme naitilenep .aynmulebes aynaratnaid auD
halada kejbo nauajnit iagabes .naitilenep halada aynnial naitilenep aud nakgnadeS
nauatnit iagabes .igolodotem naitilinep malad uajnitid gnay naitilenep tapmeeK
:tukireb iagabes halada ini
1. naitileneP ”I arupidasaY awaJ fuwasaT ;icuraweD tareS“ adap uajninem ini
nakapurem aguj gnay ukuB .ihusaN dimaH .rD ayrak ayrak ini isatresid
9 ,asotnaS ijuP artsasuS naijakgneP nad akitoimeS nagnacnA .h ,)3991 ,asakgnA :gnudnaB(
.92 01 ,otiwaP fitatilauK isakinumoK naitileneP ( .732 .h ,)8002 ,SiKL :atrakaygoY
31
eS isi nahutuek taumem asalejnep nagned tukireb icuR aweD tar n naraja
aynmalad id awaJ fuwasaT ek utiay , ifaslaF fuwasaT nagnurednec iagabes
nukub malaD .talbik halet ihusaN ,tubesret ay pirksunam iagabreb ilaggnem
nad icuR aweD tareS gnatnat araces aynhadebmem taum gnatnet liated na
malad id kitsifus ayn .
2. adap uajninem aguj ini naitileneP naitilenep lisah .rD .forP .W idaH ludbA
“ .M tareS icuR aweD sisilanA ;awaJ kitsiM tafasliF malaD malsI
”kelobaC . 11 nad narusulenep lisah naksilunem idaH ,ini ayrak malaD
lupmisek rihka adap asilana tisilpske araces aynna , awhab ,nakataynem
batik nakapurem kelobaC tareS malad icuR aweD atirec isi nahurulesek
itsim k .gnagepid surah gnay awaJ
3. adap kujurem ini naitilenep ,sisilana edotem nauajnit iagabeS ayrak
sisilanA“ id SDIA/VIH retsoP adap kitoimeS ,umlI atileP nasayaY ” helo
nad hawkaD satlukaF ,IPK ,8002 nuhat paharaH itnalrE atinaR
.atrakaJ NIU ,isakinumoK
4. akitoimeS sisilanA“ ayrak adap utiay ayntujnales sigolodotem nauajniT
,kitsilanruJ isartnesnoK ,9002 nuhat hanaitsI helo ”,ylF naC seltruT mliF
.isakinumoK nad hawkaD satlukaF
sata id aud nad utas remon adap naitileneP isarolpske nagned ipakgnelid ulrep
lobmis adap ankam padahret - .icnirepret araces icuR aweD atirec malad lobmis
pakgnelep idajnem ahasureb naka ini naitilenep akam ,naikimed nagneD igab
.aynaudek
11 D .forP naitilenep haub nakapurem ini ayraK adap nakisakilbupid gnay .M .W idaH ludbA .r ieM 01 laggnat seskaid lekitrA .8002 lirpA 8 naklaggnatreb ,FDP elif kutneb malad tenretni aidem
irad 0102 xednI/81478391/cod/moc.dbircs.www//:ptth -2.
41
audek ,aratnemeS ayrak rihkaret naitilenep id gnay ayrak nakapurem sata
nakanuggnem dotem igolo p fitatilauk isakinumok naitilene kitoimes iroet nagned ,
.sisilana edotem iagabes naitilenep ,akaM ini duskamreb gnabmegnem - naktujnal
besret edotem .tu
F nasiluneP akitametsiS .
utiay ini naitilenep lisah nasilunep akitametsiS , :tukireb iagabes
I BAB NAULUHADNEP
nasumuR nad nasataB ,halasaM gnakaleB rataL irad iridreT
igolodoteM ,naitilenep taafnaM nad naujuT ,halasaM
,akatsuP nauajniT ,naitileneP .nasiluneP akitametsiS nad
II BAB IROET NAUAJNIT
awaJ artsaS mumU nauajniT nakiarugnem ini baB nagned
bab bus ;awaJ artsaS harajeS awaJ artsaS isasidoireP
aynretkarak tukireb , fuwasaT pesnoK mumU nauajniT
ep nad fuwasat pesnok iagabreb nasalejnep nagned nasalejn
halitsi - ,aynhalitsi bus nagned akitoimeS mumU nauajniT
gnay bab m itupile ,akitoimeS mumu pesnoK akitoimeS
,artsaS ayraK malad russuaS akitoimeS pesnoK nad na .
III BAB ICUR AWED TARES PIRKSUNAM
aweD tareS gnatnet mumu narabmag nakirebmem ini baB
R pirksunam nakrasadreb icu - gnay ada gnay pirksunam
hokot ,aynnagnabmekrep atres harajes itupilem - nad hokot
51
id nahokonep ,aynatirec malad fuwasat naraja huragnep
,aynikusamem gnay s naksilunem nagned nad atirec sisponi
.icuR aweD tareS takgnis
VI BAB LISAH AKITOIMES SISILANA NAITILENEP
utiay ,iridnes ini naitilenep irad lisah nakisireb ini baB
icuR aweD tareS kitoimes sisilana
V BAB PUTUNEP
nalupmisek apureb takgnis naiaru nakiapmaynem ini baB
naitilenep kutnu silunep naras nad - sata natujnal naitilenep
rep .itiletid gnay nahalasam
16
II BAB
IROET NAUAJNIT
A. awaJ artsaS nauajniT
itra malad artsas ataK ''aynilsa'' uata tirksnaS asahab naarahadnebmep malad
sket itrareb onuK awaJ - gnay sket adapek hibel haragnem naatawedek irad lasareb
haksan uata - icus haksan .1 lupop namahamep malaD er, repes sumaK malad it
ukub ;nagnarak ;nasilut ;batik halada artsas awhab ,naktubesid ,relupoP haimlI
umli .2
nakatakid tapad nakhaB .ruhul gnay isisop tapadnem awaJ gnaro igab artsaS
aggnajup arap irad iridret raseb naigabes awaJ lautkeletni muak uluhad
nawartsas( id awaJ gnaro igab artsas isgnuF .) tala isgnuf iagabes halada aynaratna
aynep lautirips naraja iapm - naamagaek , sigam isgnuf - kitkadid isgnuf ,sitilop
,)nakididnep( nad .rupilep isgnuf 3
harajes awhab ,naktubesid aisenodnI asahabreb aidepikiW malaD waJ artsaS a
haubes nagned ialumid itsasarp ,)imubokuS( imubakuS haread id nakumetid gnay
,eraP irideK umiT awaJ r malad silutid aynisI . awaJ asahab nuK o. awaj artsaS
gnay metsis haubes tawel aynnakraulekid laggnat naktubeynem aynasaib onuk
alajeg nagned natiakreb gnay timur - aynlasim naikimeD .simonortsa alajeg itsasarp
id naktubesid imubakuS “ aynmalad nalub malad ,akas nalaggnanep 627 nuhat
irah adap ,gnaret orap salebesek irah adap ,artiac gnayrah adap audek irah(
1 ahtraH .G sunaliguS “ artsaS ataK itrA ilabmeK tunureM ;artsayN ,” laggnat seskaid lekitra 80102 sutsugA irad artsaS_malad_ankaM/202/meti/lanruoj/moc.ylpitlum.rolomteraknemrep//:ptth .
2 suiP .yrraB lA nalhaD .M nad otnatraP A relupoP haimlI sumaK ( ,akolrA :ayabaruS 4991 h ,) .596 .
3 omopuS .S “ asaM gnajnapeS iD aynisnaveleR naD anuK awaJ isgnuF ,” seskaid lekitra laggnat 0102 sutsugA 81 irad
mth.31artsas/serggnok/srepap_r/secneics_laicos/ecneics/di.ca.artep.www//:ptth .
71
,)mane irahreb gnay uggnim egaw irahreb gnay ugnnim malad tapmeek irah(
,)amil aracsinas rah adap( nagned ”...)hujut irahreb gnay uggnim malad hujutek i
narusulenep iauses imubakuS itsasarP ,naikimed , nuhat teraM 52 naklaggnatreb
.408 ianegnem nauajnit ilawagnem kutnu iauses gnay laggnat utaus nakapurem inI
.onuK awaJ artsas 4 itsasarp haleteS imubakuS , irad aynnial itsasarp nakumetid
nuhat 658 tubesid gnay kajas haubes nakisireb gnay M niwakak gnay niwakaK .
asahab malad autret kajas halada ini pakgnel kadit nuK( awaJ o .) 5 .forP
batik inkay ,uti itsasarp irad aut hibel gnay batik ada nakataynem akarajtabreoP
ardnajT - anaraK aynmalad id tubesret batik malad anerak aut hibel nakatakiD .
idnac nakiridnem gnay ardneliaC nanurutek ajar gnaroes aman taumem nasalaK
arik - 007 nuhat adap arik s gnay halini batiK .ihesaM 877 nagned amas utiay ,aka
akarajtabreoP turunem .autret naacab nakapurem 6
edoirep ek edoirep irad nasumurep ,awaJ artsaS isasidoirep naksumurem kutnU
gnay nasumur adapek kujurem halada sitametsis gnilap gnay sutis malad taumid
edoirep tapme malad aynigabmem nagned utiay ,aisenodnI asahabreb aidepikiW :
onuK awaJ artsaS , uraB awaJ artsaS , nahagnetreP awaJ artsaS nad , awaJ artsaS
.nredoM
1. onuK awaJ artsaS
onuK awaJ artsaS malad silutid gnay artsas itupilem nuK awaJ asahab o adap
gnaruk edoirep - irad silutid hibel ek daba -8 iapmas 13 ihesaM nagned ialumid ,
C batik ardna - nad anaraK imubakuS itsasarP malad kiab silutid ini artsas ayraK .
4 ,redlumteoZ .j.P gnadnaP gnayaleS ;onuK awaJ artsaS ;nawgnalaK ,natabmajD :atrakaJ(
)5891 eK .tec - ,2 3 .h . 5 nodnI asahabreb aidepikiW aise “ awaJ artsaS , ” laggnat seska id lekitra 0102 iluJ 42 :irad
awaJ_artsaS/ikiw/gro.aidepikiw.di//:ptth . 6 ajajdidaH najdraT nad akaratjabreoP , awajD naakatsupeK atrakaJ( ,natabmajD 7591 ) h 2 . .
81
kutneb naracnag ( asorp ) nupuata niwakak )gnabmet uata naiynayn ,isiup( .7
ayraK - gnadnu ,atiracariw kajas itrepes erneg pukacnem ini ayrak - ,mukuh gnadnu
kinork batik nad , - saS .naamagaek batik kutneb malad naksirawid onuK awaJ art
pirksunam nad nalawis nuad inkay ,ratnol /lat nuad adap silutid gnay itsasarp adap
utab nagnepmel uata utab pirksunaM . - onuK awaJ sket taumem gnay pirksunam
itsasarp aratnemes naubir iapmas aynhalmuj - hulup ada itsasarp nakhab nad na
aynhalmuj nasutar , iksem itsasarp aumes kadit awhab natatac irebid surah inis id
.naartsasusek sket taumem ayraK - adap silutid gnay gnitnep awaJ artsas ayrak
kusamret ini edoirep anarakadnaC , anayamaR niwakaK nahamejret nad
atarahbahaM .onuK awaJ asahab malad 8
kutneb agit malad ini onuK awaJ artsaS edoirep igal igabmem akarajtabreoP
ay ,aynisasidoirep iauses uti ,amatrep gnay auT nagnolog onuK awaJ artsaS
nuad adap nupuam ,same uata agabmet ,utab adap aynnasilunep nagned iadnatid
batiK .asorp asahab kutnebreb nahurulesek ripmah gnay ,lat - itrepes tubesret batik
ayH gnaS batiK ,anayamaR batiK ,anarakardnaC batiK ,nakinayahamaK gn
.awrapahbaS ,awrapidA ,adnakaratU ,awrapaytsagA ,anrupadnamharB 9
,audeK gnay onuK awaJ artsaS reb k nagned iadnatid ini edoirep adaP .gnabme
naruta nagned inkay ,aynnasilunep asahab iagabes udniH asahab naawabmep
t“ kutnebreb nasilunep niam nagned hunep gnay )raseb naiynayn( ”edeg gnabme
.nuptikides nahaburep apnat patet amari tarays 01 batik nupadA - edoirep adap batik
,anahadaramuS ,akatnasanamuS ,anayanserK ,ahawiwanujrA itrepes ini
7 hiL 5 ,4 .oN ,ikak natatac ta d , .6 na 8 aisenodnI asahabreb aidepikiW , “ awaJ artsaS ”. 9 ajajdidaH najdraT nad akaratjabreoP , ,naakatsupeK h 361 . .
01 ,dibI h 61 . .
91
satterW ,ayarsacaktotaG ,asgnawiraH ,ahduyatarahB ,aywakamohB ,ayacna
.niwakak kutnebreb ini edoirep malad naktubesid gnay batik aumeS .akahdbuL
,agiteK iriC .urab gnologret gnay onuK awaJ artsaS - ini edoirep adap artsas iric
aynmalad id utiay aynmulebes edoirep audek nagned ajas amas halada
adap ajar aman naktubeynem nasilut uata batik nagned nagnubuh ,nasilunep asam
nagned apures gnay asahab nakanuggnem atres ,nataubmep nuhat nad irah ,nial
id halada ini edoirep adebmep idajnem gnay iriC .aynmulebes edoirep audek
lah naktubeynem niales aynmalad - ynem aguj ,sata id lah nakujur batik naktube
aut hibel gnay – akatsup nauajnit aynada itrepes gnarakes ilakgnarab – nad
awaJ hanat naadaek nakatirecnem 11 nial hanat atirecreb aynmulebes edoirep aud(
batiK .)ayniagabes nial nad aidnI itrepes - itrepes ini edoirep adap batik
padnamharB ,anaru N ,anrakarajnuK e ,amosatuS ,ayajiwanujrA ,amagatrekarag
.artsasitiN ,ayndayahtraP
2. nahagnetreP awaJ artsaS
id lucnum nahagnetreP awaJ artsaS naajareK tihapajaM irad ialum , ek daba - 31
arik iapmas - arik ek daba - 61 edoirep adnanep idajnem gnay aynraseb sirag adaP .
nakanugid gnay asahab halada ini asahab aratna nahagnetrep asahab nakapurem
ek daba haleteS .ini asawed iakapid gnay asahab nagned onuk awaJ - artsas ,61
id naksuretid nahagneT awaJ ilaB idajnem awaJ artsaS - ilaB . 21 ini asam adaP
ayrak lucnum - ayrak isiup nakrasadreb gnay murtem awaJ uata aisenodnI .ilsa
ayraK - tubesid ini ayrak gnudik .
nahagnetrep awaJ asahab ,naarikrep turunem ,nakataynem akarajtabreoP
11 ,dibI h . 83 . 21 nodnI asahabreb aidepikiW ,aise ilaB awaJ artsaS“ ,” laggnat seskaid lekitra iluJ 42 0102 irad
awaJ_artsaS/ikiw/gro.aidepikiw.di//:ptth - ilaB .
02
irahes napakacrep asahab iagabes lucnum - tihapajaM naajarek namaz adap irah
iapmas aynah nakanugid onuk awaJ asahab aynmulebes nial atak nagneD .ayajreb
awaJ asahab tihapajaM namaz adap nupadA .irasagniS naajarek namaz rihka adap
aggnajup arap helo nakanugid aynah onuk 31 riays silunem kutnu - nriays gnay ay
batik adapek kujurem hisam - hab itrepes amal batik batik adap nakanugid gnay asa
Ne id ,aynhibeleS .ayajiwanujrA nad amagatrekarag id nad naaggnajupek raul raul
.uti taas gnaro imahapid gnaraj hadus onuk awaJ asahab ,nawasgnab nagnolog
naikimed nagneD helo acabid mizal aynah uti taas artsas ayrak arap nial nawartsas
.tihapajaM nawasgnab arap nad nagnalak adap asahab naiakamep babes helO
ayrak halrihal akam ,habureb hadus mumu takaraysam - gnay artsas ayrak
nad imahapid tapad gnay mumu asahab nakanuggnem ajas apais helo itregnemid
itrepes ,amarcawaroK ,akadnamaK irtnaT ,gnarA nolaC ,naraleggnaP utnaT nad
notararaP batiK .
3. uraB awaJ artsaS
S maga ayngnabmekreb nad kusam taas ialumid urab awaj artsa a ualup id malsI
arik utiay ,awaJ - 51 daba adap arik - M 61 ini edoirep akam ,uti anerak helO .
awaJ gnaro ,malsI amaga aynkusam nagneD .malsI namaz edoirep nagned tubesid
.akerem artsas ayrak silunem malad urab mahli naktapadnem 41 malsI ayngnataD
apetreb gnay gnaro kaynab kiranem ,tihapajaM nahutnurek asam nagned nat
id kusamret amaga kulemem kutnu uti alak adap awaJ lautkeletni arap aynmalad
nakrihalem ini lah naamalek amaL .malsI idajnem aynrihka nad naasaukek tasup
31 nad akaratjabreoP ajajdidaH , naakatsupeK ,awajD h . 27 . 41 .aisenodnI asahabreb aidepikiW “ awaJ artsaS ”.
12
awaJ naayadubek tasup - .malsI 51 am adap ,akaM as - awaJ artsaS namaz ,lawa asam
ayrak habugid alup kaynab ,uraB - .malsI amaga ianegnem artsas ayrak iagabeS
halada ini edoirep adap autret ayrak .gnanoB naV keoB teH
haletes nad 61 daba adap iapmas aynah uraB awaJ artsaS isasidoirep nupikseM
nakitnagid uti nagned aynlucnum ayrak narihalek ipatet naka ,nredom ayag - ayrak
ini edoirep ledoM .ajas 61 daba adap iapmas aynah itnehreb kadit ini edoirep
adap aggnih nahatreb patet hisam aparebeb ini irah iapmas nakhab ,91 daba
aggnajup ayrak nakatpicnem hisam - ab ayrak ek karoc nagned ur - kutnu namalsI
,hawkad nagnitnepek kutnu aynnakanuggnem hisam tiluk gnayaw gnalad nad
hotnoc iagabeS .nagnayawep nokal malad nagnarac atirec habuggnem lucnum ayn
ayrak - tafisreb artsas ayrak sidepolkisne itrepes arawsitaJ tareS nad inihtneC tareS
81 daba adap silutid gnay ' silunep araP . nigni aynapur ini 'aidepolkisne
,awaJ ualup id ada )hisam( gnay umli aumes nakiratselem nad naklupmugnem
ayrak babes - gnay asam irad nauhategnep kaynab gnudnagnem ini artsas ayrak
mal hibel onuK awaJ artsas asam utiay ,uap . aynaratnaid nial gnay artsas ayraK
itinaP ,ayibmA batiK - weD ,alapakoL ,artsas ,itnayiG dabaB batiK ,icuR a nad
nial ayrak aparebeb .
asam adap asahab ayaG - nagned pirim hisam lawa asam awaJ asahaB
treP nahagne 0561 nuhat haleteS . , awaJ asahab ayag atrakaruS idajnem nikames
i asam haleteS .nanimod n ,i naidumek alup ada sianer sna nuK awaJ artsaS batiK .o -
onuk batik naksapanreb gnay amaga Hi udn - ahdduB m nad igal irajalepid ialu
malad habugid asahaB .uraB awaJ
51 ajajdidaH nad akaratjabreoP , naakatsupeK ,awajD h . 59 .
22
4. nredoM awaJ artsaS
hajajnep huragnep haletes lucnum nredoM awaJ artsaS adnaleB nikames nad
ualuP id asaret awaJ saleb nalibmesek daba kajes ihesaM araP . nawaikednec
irebmem adnaleB naras arap aggnajup pirim hasik uata atirec silunem kutnu awaJ
gnaro aB tar nakrasadreb ulales kadit nad igolotim atirec , gnayaw .ayniagabes nad ,
hallucnum ulal ,akaM ayrak artsas id itrepes taraB ainuD ; iase , namor , levon nad ,
.ayniagabes erneG pukuc gnay relupop gnatnet halada nanalajrep .
nagned pirim hisam ini asam adap asahab ayaG uraB awaJ asahaB naadebreP .
atak aynnakanugid kaynab nikames halai aynamatu - atak uyaleM atak aguj nad , -
atak adnaleB .
asam adaP nuhat 9381 helo , adrooR ocaT nakatpicid , katec furuh nakrasadreb
awaJ araska ayag atrakaruS radnats idajnem naidumek gnay ,awaJ asahaB kutnu
.awaJ ualup id 61
.B fuwasaT nauajniT
fuwasaT mumU nauajniT .1
araceS ,sigolomite arap atak lasa anam irad gnatnet tapadnep adebreb amalu
fuwasat id adA . awhab naktubeynem gnay aynaratna fuwasat atak irad lasareb
’afuhs akerem awabmem naka ini naitregnep aynrihka adap gnay )awij naicusek(
iD .iggnit aham gnay kitsifus satinumok malad aratna kusamret gnay akerem
la halada ini irogetak malad - .inaliaJ ridaQ ludba hkiayS 71 nial tapadneP
awhab nakatagnem fuwasat naiakap nakanegnem gnay gnaro adap kujurem fus
61 laggnat seskaid lekitrA 0102 iluJ 42 irad
2=egap&artsas=cipot?php.xedni/latrop/moc.avajfoegatireh//:ptth . 71 irhaD idnaparaH , narikimeP tsifuS igoloeT inaliaJ ridaQ ludbA hkeyS ki ( uyhaW :atrakaJ
,sserP 4002 ) h 421 . .
32
ludbA kopmolek halada uti akereM .harhsaB id abmod ulub irad )low niak(
ep diaZ nib dihaW .irhsaB nasaH tukign
ataK fuwasaT adapek nakkitnediid aguj la ulha - haffuhS kopmolekes ,utiay ,
muak irad iridret gnay gnaro ’araquf dijsaM id tapmet haubes imaidnem gnay
nad agraulek ikilimem kadit halet gnay iban tabahas arap halada akereM .iwabaN
t tapmet hadabireb nagned hallA adapek irid nakidbagnem akerem satnal ,laggni
.amaga umli ijakgnem nad
hayimiaT unbI malsI luhkiayS ,uti tapadnep aumes irad sapelreT awhab tapadnepreb fuwasat gnaro itrareb - snetni nad kiratret gnay gnaronauhategnep nagned - hategnep nad ,gnaroeses nitab nagned tiakret gnay nau
gnaro - ketkarp uata nalaj iracnem kutnu kiratret gnay gnaro - hara ek ketkarpirid naharecnep nad naradasek nakadagnem itneh apnat surenem suret araces
habaqarum llA adapek aynirid naktakednem malad isalpmetnok nad gnaY ha.anaskajiB ahaM 81
inek naiapacnep ayapu kutnu ,fuwasat isidart malaD naapmujrep naka natamk
m nagned a niales halitsi lanekid ublak malad ek hallA isatsefin tamaqam nad
,lawha utiay ,illahat ,illahkat nad .illajat
1. illahkaT
illahkaT jrep sesorp halada ,utiay ,amatrep gnilap gnay fuwasat nanala
irad irid nakgnosokgnem nagned irid naicuynep nagned ilawagnem
tikaynep atres narotok - s awij nad itah tikaynep ,rubakat ,buju ,’ayir itrepe
tafis nad - aynnial kurub tafis id ,irid naicuynep pahat halada ini pahaT .
m naklaggnanem ,nitab nad rihal araces icusesreb surah gnaroeses ana
81 ,dibI h 721 . .
42
nagned kulhkam aratna bajih idajnem gnay naiwainudek naiakap aumes
.kilahk
2. illahaT
tafis irad irid nakgnosognem nagned naicuynep pahat haleteS - ,naanafek tafis
dapek gnaroeses halkusam akam napahat a ,illahat nad itah isignem utiay
idat nakgnosokid hadus gnay awij tafis nagned - es kiab tafis itrep ,ha’anaq
,duhuz lakkawat nad ,rabas ,salhi ,’uhldawat .
3. illajaT
irid nakgnosognem utiay ,sesorp audek hupmenem lisahreb gnaroeses haleteS
urubek irad naka gnaroeses akam ,nakiabek nagned aynisignem nad nak
iumenem ,illajat .hadabi naknalajnem malad iridnesret natamkinek utiay
idajnem naka gnay halini illajat sesorp iapacnem lisahreb gnay gnaroeseS
stidah haubes adap naksalejid gnay ”nashi /nishum“ gnaro gnay gnaro utiay
haloes hadabireb - ,naikimed kadit akij nad ,nahuT nagned apmujreb halo
.ayntahilem gnades nahuT awhab inikayem uti gnaro aynkadites 91
2. fuwasaT kitsiM nad awaJ
gnires fuwasaT .taked tagnas gnamem fuwasat nagned kitsim aratnA
ned nakrajajesid malsI kitsim tubeynem gnay aguj ada nakhaB .emsisitsim nag
uwasaT .newajeK malsI kitsim kutneb nakapurem f itah raga ayapureb gnay
91 “ qifuaT mamI sigolodoteM nauajniT ;lawhA nad tamaqaM , ,.kkd ,humiS malad “ fuwasaT
sisirK nad ( atrakaygoY 1002 ,rajaleP akatsuP : ) .231 .h , .7 .oN I baB ikak natatac tahiL
52
tubesid gnires fuwasat narajA .nahuT ujunem surul nad raneb idajnem aisunam
uata takikah umli iagabes .nataynusak 02
t malad iD fuwasa nagned lanekid ada ayn hap emsilaud .ma iD isis utas
iagabes nahuT nagned saget naadebrep sirag kiranem aynirid inikayem dz ta
dujuw lubijaw awhab iayacrepmem ini tunagneP .latnednesnart tafisreb gnay
la nasni - ay ,nahuT taridah ek iapmas halaynah limak aynpudih alakanam ink
sabmiret nad raul mala )anaf( nakpaynelem halet anerak nanahuteK tafis isabmiid
iayacrepmem nial gnay isis nakgnadeS .aynnanerak ridah gnay )aqab( nahuT tafis
mahap emsietnap nad emsinom nagned tubesid gnay aluwak gnilaggnunam - .itsuG
ini fuwasat pesnok audeK .nahuT nagned amas aisunam ini natayahgnep malaD
.newajek kitsim nagned aynumet kitit asaret tagnas 12 pesnoK - nial kadit ini pesnok
pesnok irad nadujuwrep halada ,luluh ,dahitti nad la tadhaw - dujuw lad a sketnok m
.awaJ kitsim
dih atiC natayahgnep naktapadnem halada aisunam iapacid surah gnay pu
s malaD .aynnahuT nagned nautasek zd awhab nakatakid nasumur haube nahuT ta
.aynmalad id ria kitit utas halada aisunam nad ,ardumas iagabes naktarabiid
rihal awhab gnadnamem ini pesnoK - nahuT nitab pudih malad adareb halet
halet nahuT nad ,aisunam ,arirasak .aisunam irid malad pukacret hadus inkay
irad nahabug nakapurem itsug aluwak gnilaggnunam pesnoK illajat malad naraja
imep rasaD .fuwasat tubesid gnay hafaslaf mahap irad lasareb ini narik emsinom ,
halada ,aisunam atreseb atsemes mala awhab gnadnamem gnay mahap utaus inkay
.nahuT utiay ,laggnut gnay takikah utas irad rihal kepsa 22
02 ,arawsardnE idrawuS newajeK kitsiM isaraN :atrakaygoY( )4002 , , eK .tec - ,3 76 .h . 12 ,dibI 96 .h . 22 ,humiS tareS padahreT idutS utauS ;atisrawaggnaR ihebagN nedaR newajeK malsI kitsiM
itaJ tayadiH diriW IU :atrakaJ( - 092 .h ,)8891 ,sserP - 392 .
62
iridnes aynnaitregnep iraD aluwak gnilaggnunaM - itsuG utiay )awaj(
.nahuT nagned abmah aynutasreb =laggnunaM ,utasreb uwak =al ,abmah =itsug
napakgnU .nahuT - halada apures itra ikilimem gnay nial napakgnu gnihubmuj
aluwak - aluwak gniromap ,itsuG - ,itsuG nad .laggnuta gninorol ini napakgnU
,utaynem ,lupmukreb gnay )nahuT nagned abmah( aud aynada adapek kujnunem
eb ,apur naamasreb .utas idajnem udapreb uata ,rupmacreb ,naiausesr 32
pesnok nakgnadeS ,takikah ,taqiraht ,ta’irays nad tafir’am awaJ kitsim malad
naktubesid , tagneras mukuh nagned iauses pudih nad itamrohgnem halada - mukuh
mil talahs naknalajnem itrepes ,amaga s nagned utkaw a ,aite takerat halada
maladnem araces tagneras pahat adap ukal hakgnit irad takekah gnatnet naradasek
aod aynlasim ,takgninem suret nad - kareg radekes igal kadit aod - nad hubut kireg
taya naacabmep - pacnem kutnu ruhul gnay ahasu naknialem ,taya ,nahuT ia
akekah t pahat nakapurem gnay naranebek ipadahgnem pahat halada
amatrep pahat adap ukal hakgnit naka naradasek hunep araces ayngnabmekreb
adap gnutnagret gnay naigab idajnem halada pudih naujut awhab utiay ,audek nad
dajnem lautir nakadnit ;somsok nanatat hurules nagnitnepek nagnalihek i )hirmap(
idajnem aisunam nakadnit nad pudih anerak nad ,nahuT adapek surenem suret aod
kam tafir iapacnem aisunam akitek halada ,itsug nal aluwak gnihubmuj anam id
tames aisunam nakadnit nad ,atsemes awij nagned udapret aisunam awij a- atam
.nahuT adapek ukal aynah 42
32 arzA idramuzA ,miT nad fuwasaT idepolkisnE )5002 ,asakgnA tibreneP :gnudnaB( , .h 577 . 42 ,arawsardnE ,newajeK kitsiM 1 .h 72 - 821 .
72
.C kitoimeS mumU nauajniT
adnanep irad ankam ilaggnem gnay sisilana edotem haubes halada kitoimeS -
hokot arap natabedrep idajnem hisaM .napudihek malad ada gnay adnanep
kitsiugnil hokot nad - kapa gnatnet ayadub umli hokot nakapurem ini kitoimes ha
.sisilana edotem haubes nakapurem aynah hakuata ,iridnesret umli nilpisid
nakatakid tapad sisilana edotem iagabes kitoimes ,haimli edotem utaus iagabeS
akanugid akitoimes halitsi ,nredom kimedaka sketnok malaD .urab tagnas fitaler n
akitek ,SA anaidnI satisrevinU id 2691 ieM 91 laggnat adap daeM hteragraM helo
,ini lah malad ,daeM .siseniK nad kitsiugnilaraP gnatnet ranimes nakaraggnelesid
malad nakalopret gnay isakinumok kujnunem kutnu kitoimes halitsi nakanuggnem
dom kutneb alages .la 52
:sirggnI asahab irad naknurutid akitoimes ataK .citoimes adap lakgnapreB
nakanrupmesiD gnay aisenodnI asahaB naajE mumU namodeP nad namodeP
halitsI nakutnebmeP mumU nagnabmegneP nad naanibmeP tasuP iskudorP(
halitsi nakutnebmep isatneiro awhab )asahaB narihkA .sirggnI asahab adap ada uti
sirggnI asahab – sci idajnem habureb aisenodnI asahab malad - ki uata – ,aki
aynlasim scitkelaid idajnem habureb kitkelaid uata scitehtse ,akitkelaid habureb
idajnem kitetse uata akitetse halada akitoimes irad nial amaN . .igoloimes
kiaB .adnat gnatnet umli iagabes utiay ,amas gnay naitregnep ikilimem aynaudeK
:inanuY asahab irad lasareb aynaudek igoloimes nupuam akitoimes ,noimes gnay
.adnat itrareb 62 atak irad lasareb akitoimes naktubeynem nial rutaretiL ,emeS gnay
trareb itrareb akitoimes ,iroet iagabes ,saul hibel naitregnep malaD .adnat risfanep i
52 ,otiwaP fitatilauK isakinumoK naitileneP ( .h ,)8002 ,SiKL :atrakaygoY .651 62 ,asotnaS ijuP artsasuS naijakgneP nad akitoimeS nagnacnA aB( .h ,)3991 ,asakgnA :gnudn
2.
82
arac anamiagab ,adnat isaterpretni nad iskudorp ianegnem sitametsis iduts
.napudihek padahret ayntaafnam apa nad aynajrek 72
rihka adap nakujaid aynilak amatrep kitoimes halitsI saleb nalibmesek daba
kujurem kutnu ecreiP .S selrahC amanreb gnay akiremA fuslif gnaroes helo
adnat lamrof nirtkod adapek - metsis alages ipukgnilem kitoimes naijaK .adnat
satab nad isnatsbus nup apa ,adnat - .aynsatab 82 asajreb paggnaid gnay nial hokoT
malad ilha gnaroes ,erussuaS ed dnanidreF halada akitoimes nagnabmegnep ayapu
nad ,igoloimes halitsi nakanuggnem hibel erussuaS .ssiwS irad asahab umli
nagnadnap - akitek nakiapmasid nakaynabek aynnagnadnap id hailuk irebmem
o ytisrevinU f 6091 nuhat ratikes avenuG nakukubid naidumek gnay ,1191 iapmas
luduj hawab id ,)scitsiugniL lareneG ni esruoC( elareneg euqitsiugniL ed esruoC
.5191 nuhat adap naktibretid gnay 92
utauses alages awhab nakataynem kitoimes irad rasadnem gnilap gnay ismusA
hab aynah nakuB .adnat halada gnay ajas utnetret isakinumok metsis nad asa
adnat iagabes nususret - aratnarep nagneD .iridnes uti ainud naknialem ,adnat
adnat - naaratnarep nagned ,neisife hibel idajnem aisunam napudihek sesorp adnat
adnat - aynamases nagned isakinumokreb tapad aisunam adnat sugilakes ,
nup gnaroes ada kadiT .ainud padahret kiab hibel gnay namahamep nakadagnem
macamreb aratnarep nagned ilaucek ,satilaer nagned nagnubuhreb upmam gnay -
.adnat macam 03
72 ,antaR ahtuK namoyN emsilarutkurtS irad ;artsaS naitileneP kinkeT nad ,edoteM ,iroeT
fitaraN anacaW fitkepsreP ;emsilarutkurtsoP aggnih ( .h ,)7002 ,rajaleP akatsuP :atrakaygoY 79 . 82 duB sirK ,aynratnagnep atak malad ,nami soK akitoimeS a ( 9991 ,SiKL :atrakaygoY ). 92 asotnaS , akitoimes nagnacnA , .h 71 . 03 hamammahC itiS - ratnagnep atak malad ,ontaruS namiduB sirK , akitomeS asoK
( 9991 ,SiKL :atrakaygoY ).
92
nakadnanem gnay sulumits iagabes nakisinifedid kitoimes isidart malad adnaT
uata gninuk aredneB ,aynlasiM .nial isidnok aparebeb uata utas nakkujnunem
ipetet nad natapmerep id gnasapid gnay - rabak aynada adnatrep idajnem nalaj ipet
atoggna utas halas helo itam laggnitid gnay agraulek ada anerak akud
;aynagraulek gnarab ayngnalih - gnarab hamur id ada awhab kujnunep idajnem
;aynlibmagnem gnay irucnep kahabret awatret - kahab idajnem awhab kujnutep
ikilimem gnades gnaroeses anes naasarep n signanem aynkilabes nad ,aribmeg /g
udesret - /itah hides gnadnaynem gnades gnaroeses awhab nakadnanem udes .akud
1. artsaS ayraK malad akitoimeS
napudihek rutagnep iagabes adnat metsis nakanuggnem aisunaM
adnaT .takaraysamreb - adneb nupuam ,asahab ,ukalirep ipukgnilem tubesret adnat -
adnat nakapurem ,taubid gnay adneb - alop rutagnem gnay adnat - iskaretni alop
laisos .uti takaraysam malad 13 awhab nakatakid tapad akam ,naikimed nagneD
.adnat metsis nakapurem naayadubek
iagabes nakatakid tapad sakgnir nad rasak araces iridnes uti ayaduB
aynrasad adap aisunam satifitka raseb naigabeS .aisunam satifitka nahurulesek
akukalid asahab ,naikimed nagneD .nasilut nupuam nasil kiab ,asahab iulalem n
iagabeS .aisunam naayadubek padahret tauk gnilap gnay isavresnok idajnem
amatrep gnilap gnay aynutnet fitakilpa gnay asahab kutnebreb ayadub kudorp
ek lucnum naka s ayrak halada naakumrep .artsa nupiksem sativitka emulov ,
gnay satilauk ikilimem iridnes uti naartsasek satisnetni ipatet ,satabret naartsasek
13 ,tayadiH .S uyahaR nad wobmanisaM .M.K.E fitrA nad adnaT ijakgneM ;kitoimeS ka
(J h ,1002 ,)akatsuP ialaB :atraka 82 . .
03
.skelpmok sugilakes saul tagnas 23 iskelfer nakapurem artsas ayrak ,ayntardok iraD
gnaroes gnaragnep iulalem dit iridnes uti asahaB .asahab ,asahab gnarabmes ka
adnat taumem gnay asahab ,inkay ,sahk gnay asahab naknialem - adnat )kitoimes(
gnay .adnat metsis kutnebmem naka
utauses gnatnet nakatagnem gnay apa gnarabmes halada adnat fitinifed araceS
.iridnes aynirid adap irad nial gnay 33 ,aynlasiM natapmerep adap harem upmal
,iridnes uti harem anraw ianegnem rikifreb kutnu nakduskamid kadit nalaj
.itnehreb hatnirep kutnu adnat iagabes naknialem akitek itrepes ,nial hotnoC
,ayngnakaleb irad libom upmal kabmet toros id libom aradnegnep gnaroes
alnakub .nalaj atnimem taraysi halada uti naknialem ,amatu gnay uti upmal h skeT
iric sata iridret nahurulesek araces ripmah artsas - es iric asahaB .tubesret lasim
rofatem a- fitatonok asahab( - )nasaik ashab fitaerk takikah nagned , - fitanijami
nay amatu rotkaf nakapurem metsis nagned ihunepid artsas ayrak nakidajnem g
.adnat
iD nakidajid kutnu kiab gnilap paggnaid gnay ,artsas isakinumok ledom aratna
naksumurid gnay utiay sisilana naupmut iagabes sugilakes naatpicnep namodep
me nakaratugnem nagned utiay ,smarbA .H .M helo .artsas nemele tap
atsemeS
↕
gnaragneP ↔ ayraK ↔ acabmeP
23 antaR , nad ,edoteM ,iroeT , .h 111 . 33 ,dibI .h 211 .
13
,anemonef haubes iagabes ,artsas ayrak uti ledom nagneD ayrak haubes akam
artsas tiakret ;aynuritid gnay lah iagabes atsemes nagned tiakret ulales imahapid
nagned gnakaleb ratal gabes gnaragnep acabmep nagned tiakret ;aynatpicnep ia
artsas ayrak iridnes aynirid adap nad ;ayrak narasas idajnem gnay kahip iagabes
gnay isautis irad hasipret araces tahilid asib gnay satitne utaus nakapurem
utiay artsas irogetak tapme halrihal utis iraD .aynipukgnilem , kitemim gnay ayrak(
,)amatu rusnu iagabes atsemes naktarebkitinem fiserpske gnay ayrak(
,)amatu rusnu iagabes gnaragnep naktarebkitinem kitamgarp gnay ayrak(
nad ,)amatu rusnu iagabes acabmep naktarebkitinem fitkejbo gnay ayrak(
uti ayrak naktarebkitinem .)amatu rusnu iagabes iridnes 43 gnay nagnacna tapmeeK
namahamep rasad ladom iagabes tubesret smarbA .H.M helo nakrawatid
.fitakinumok araces akitoimes 53
aratna nagnubuh tahilret kadit ini smarbA artsas isakinumok ledom malaD
na nagnubuH .silunep nad acabmep tapad kadit silunep nad acabmep arat
.iridnes uti artsas ayrak iulalem surah naknialem ,gnusgnal araces nakukalid
gnay artsas ayrak iulalem silunep nagned isakinumokreb tapad aynah acabmeP
ikilimem acabmep inis iD .aynacabid cnem gnay ukalep iagabes narep i nakatp
namahamep nad naacabmep malaD .sketretni nad ,risfanep ,sket aratna nailatrep
irad kitoimes refsnart sesorp acabmep nitab adap halidajret ,artsas ayrak haubes
.nial gnay adnat ek adnat utas 63
43 ,adadiW .hR larutkutS artsaS kitirK edoteM haubeS ;artsaS kutnU erussuaS :atakaygoY(
.h )9002 ,artusalaJ 4. 53 asotnaS , akitoimes nagnacnA , .h .52 63 ,dibI .h 52 .
23
2. akitoimeS ed dnanidreF russuaS e
ed dnanidreF aynranebeS .akitoimes iroet nusuynem hanrep kadit erussuaS
aynukub malad nakhaB scitsiugniL lareneG ni sruoC amatu nakujur idajnem gnay
nad kitsiugnil rakap arap rakap iroet tapadret kadit ilakes amas uti isakinumok -
aynhuggnuses akitoimes icus batiK .akitoimes iroet erussuaS helo silutid halkadit
aud helo silutid akitoimes iroet awhab naktubeynem namiduB sirK .iridnes
”lusar“ - .eyahehceS treblA nad yllaB selrahC :aites gnay ayn 73 nupikseM
oimes aynridah naka naklamarem halet erussuaS ,naikimed akit .
gnem gnay umli utauS adnat napudihek ijak - laisos napudihek malad id adnat nagned nad ,laisos igolokisp irad naigab idajnem naka ;naknikgnumid
ayntubeynem naka atik ;mumu igolokisp irad ayniridnes ygoloimes irad( inanuY asahab ,nnoiemes kujnunem naka nikgnum igoloimeS .)”adnat“ nak
adnat ajas apa irad iridret atik adapek - gnay ajas apa mukuh ,tubesret adnat umli awhab nakatakid tapad ,ada muleb uti umli aneraK .akerem rutagnem ayntapmet ,ridah kutnu kahreb tubesret umli ipatet ;ada naka kadit tubesret
l ai mulebes nakpatetid halet .riha 83
naidumek erussuaS naklamarid gnay apa naidumek asrawasad aparebeB
kosos nakkapmanem - ”surenep“ arap takreb pahates imed pahates ayndujuw - ayn
pesnok nakisakilpagnem gnay gnakgnabmem gnay nupuam hutap gnay kiab -
tsasek anemonef malad ek erussuaS pesnok anemonef nad aynsusuhk adap naar
non - .aynmumu adap naasahabek 93
iagabes tubesid muleb hibelret ,nalamar nad nasumur apureb urab nupikseM
aynrihal raka iagabes iukaid surah erussuaS pesnok ,igoloimes nupuam akitoimes
73 ,namiduB sirK S :satinokI lausiV ineS nad artsaS akitoime ( ,kiaB ukuB :atrakaygoY 5002 )
h 53 . . 83 ,erussuaS ed dnanidreF ,mumU kitsiugniL ratnagneP tayadiH .S uyahaR .jret ( rakaygoY :at
,sserP ytisrevinU adaM hajaG 3991 ) eK .teC - h ,2 28 . - .38 93 ,namiduB S :satinokI ,artsaS akitoime .h 63 .
33
adnat gnatnet aynnasumur malaD .akitoimes adnat haubes naklusugnem erussuaS ,
ud utiay ,”cidayd“ ledom a .adnat irad naigab
erussuaS nakakumegnem haubeS : aynmalad id adnat
tapadret )tnaifingis( ’reifingis‘ uata adnanep kutneb iagabes
)eifingis( ’deifingis‘ adnatep nad iagabes pesnok .
adap asahaB asahaB .skelpmok gnay isakifingis sesorp haubes halada aynrasad
irad iridret eugnal nad elorap iadnanem gnay irad iridret asahab malad adnaT .
.)adnatep ,deifingis ,eifingis( iadnatid gnay nad )adnanep ,reifingis ,tnaifingis(
dit adnatep nupuam adnanep kiaB .aynnial gnay irad utas nakhasipid tapad halka
iynub artic halada adnanep ;latnem tafisreb adnat nupuam adnanep kiaB
.pesnok uata nasagag halada adnatep nakgnades
satnaL .adnat haubes malad nahutuek nakapurem adnatep nad adnanep pesnoK
hab adnatep sisilana ankam naiausesek turunem erussuaS nagnadnap malad asa
agnabmekrep nad utnetret opmet nagned nagnubuhreb gnay n id asam ek asam irad
utiay ,aud malad nakgnologret ,tubesret asahab adnat naadarebek anam kinorknis
nad kinorkaid .
kinorkniS ahab sisilana halada kitit utaus adap siske gnay metsis iagabes asutnetret utkaw – reropmetnok uata ”ini taas“ itrareb ilak gnires gnay – nagned nakiabagnem etuor itrepes dujuwreb tapad aggnihes ayniulalid halet gnay
nakgnadeS .gnarakes kinorkaid isaler ijakgnem - us araces isaler takignem fiseskamret - gnisam gnay ,naamasreb araces amret - apnat isutitbusreb tapad gnisam
.fitkelok narikip helo iradasid kadit patet numan ,metsis utaus kutnebmem kitsiugnil adapek ujutret susuhk araces erussuaS iseferP kinorknis . 04
04 ,namiduB sirK lausiV akitoimeS ( ,kiaB ukuB :atrakaygoY 4002 ) .h 83 .
43
III BAB
ICUR AWED TARES MUMU NARABMAG
A. akatsuP icuR aweD
namaz kajnemes ada hadus ,rebmus iagabreb turunem icuR aweD hasiK awaJ
onuK aynlawa gnaragneP .kacalret kadit napak hatne gnay , adapek nakhabsinid
tekid kadit gnay ”itrumawiC upM“ amanreb gnay hokot hakapa itsap araces iuha
.natubes radekes hakuata ilsa aman 1 iauses akarajtabreoP turunem numaN
id gnaragnep aman taumem kadit icuR aweD ilsa haksan ,aynnaumenep aynmalad
,)minona( 2 gnay ada takaraysam id gnabmekreb aguj gnay nakhab nad
araces naktubeynem laH .agajilaK nanuS halada ayngnaragnep awhab fitalukeps
naklanekrepmem gnay awhab takaraysam napaggna rasadreb ini ayadub isalimisa
nagned amaga malsI agajilaK nanuS halada , aynlah itrepes halaid paggnaid gnay
aras iagabes tiluk gnayaw asrakarmep iagabes n .hawkad a
atireC ilsa icuR aweD iauses aynnasilunep ayag ,akaratjabreoP naumet
arac nagned hisam aynnanusus numan ,nahagnetreP awaJ asahab nakanuggnem
nep y iakamem nupiksem onuK awaJ nanusu gnabmet raggnalem tikides gnay
.amari 3 atekid hanrep kadit nupikseM aynamatrep ilak napak itsap araces iuh
aynkadites ,gnarakid lah gnamem icuR aweD haksan awhab nakkujnunem ini
udniH namaz kajes ada hadus - ilsa atirec awhab itrareb gnay ,aduB kadit ayn
ek nataumreb - .namalsI
1 .A ,ojojdimaortsaS oneS weD aretirejT ajntafasliF itrA nagneD ictuR a ( atniK :atrakaJ ,
h ,)7691 . 2. 2 ,ihusaN dimaH I arupidasaY awaJ fuwasaT ;icuraweD tareS ,sserP atrakaJ NIU :atrakaJ(
.h ,)9002 75 . 3 H najdraT nad akaratjabreoP ajajdida , awajD naakatsupeK atrakaJ( ,natabmajD 7591 ) h. 47 .
53
turuneM maet oY onotrakortsaS nasayaY naakatsuprep aweD atirec ,atrakayg
hanat id hsemagliG nawalhap atirec irad libmagnem aynkokop adap uti icuR
ek nuhat ratikes aimatoposeM - .ihesam hkirat mulebes 0003 4 halada hsemagliG
ikilimem aI .asaib raul gnay aynnainarebek nagned rohosret gnay adumep gnaroes
tabahas ikadnehgnem hsemagliG ini natabahasrep malaD .udiknE amanreb birak
,idaba natabahasrep aynada naka .aynlaja iumenem udiknE aynrihka adap ipatet
uti kajeS .naikimed naataynek amirenem hsemagliG aynhides hakgnalA
udihek ikilimem kutnu nanigniekreb hsemagliG imalagnem kadit raga idaba nap
urugreb nuphsemagliG aynrihkA .udiknE apminem gnay aynlah itrepes naitamek
nohoP“ iracnem hurusid hsemagliG atedneP gnaS helO .atedneP gnaroes adapek
yntarsah iapacret raga ayar ardumas tasup malad id katelret gnay ”napudiheK a
uti aynnanalajrep malaD .idaba pudih kutnu hsemagliG iagabreb hupmenem surah
.aynignalahgnem gnay nagnatnir 5
hanat irad nanalajrep imalagnem sata id tubesret hsemagliG atireC
helo naidumeK .aidnI nahajaj hanat ujunem aisreP hanat iulalem aimatoposeM
gnab awabid uti atirec aidnI as ek awaJ hanat ek daba adap isargimreb akerem akit -
lawa daba .ihesaM 6 amaturet ,habureb kaynab tikides hsemagliG atirec naidumeK
aradokerW uata amiB aman nagned itnagid hsemagliG hokot aman )aradukreW(
natirec luduj habugnem nagned nagned lanekret aguj uata icuR aweD idajnem ay
.icuS amiB hasik
atirec iagabes nakpisisid icuR aweD hasiK nagnarac raseb sope malad
aratna araduas gnarep gnatnet atirec utiay ,atarabahaM awadnaP nad awaroK .
4 onotrakorsoS nasayaY ,atrakaygoY gnabaC uP uajnineM maladneM araceS icuR aweD akats
( onotrakorsoS nasayaY :atrakaygoY , 1791 ,) h 1 . . 5 )golb malad aretret gnay aman( ahsaF , “ cuR aweD tareS artsaS i,” 13 laggnat seskaid lekitra
9002 rebmeseD irad lmth.evihcra_10_10_9002/moc.topsgolb.31kitsimahsaf//:ptth . 6 onotrakorsoS nasayaY , akatsuP uajnineM , 5 .h .
63
hokot nad ratal naktaafnamem nagneD - s gnay hokot atirec malad itrepes ama
haloes icuR aweD atirec awaJ hanat id aynsusuhk ,atarabahaM - idajnem halet halo
atirec nahutuek irad naigab malad kognetid akij aynranebes gnay atarabahaM
)asayibA nawageB iagabes lanekid awaJ id( asayiW upM nagnarak aynilsa hasik
t .tubesret icuR aweD hasik nakatirecnem gnay naigab tapadret kadi 7
icuR aweD autret haksan ,ihusaN pitukid itrepes ,akarajtabreoP turuneM
2921 nuhat aratna utiay ,nahagnetreP awaJ namaz irad lasareb nakarikrepid
.0251 nuhat iapmas 8 agned natapetreb ini asaM udniH namaz nahilarep asam n -
ek daba haletes ,aynmulebes bab adap naksalejid itrepeS .malsI namaz ek ahduB -
awaJ artsaS idajnem nad ilaB ek hilareb nahagnetreP awaJ artsaS ,61 - akam ,ilaB
ini icuR aweD atirec ilaB id hibel nad gnabmekreb nagned lanekid awaN icuR .
nagned utiay ,uraB awaJ artsaS adapek hilareb awaJ hanat id uti aratnemeS
id malsI nalucnumek .aynmalad
ek nakhamejretid ilsa gnay icuR aweD tareS lad hibel gnay awaJ asahab ma
redom ilak kutnu n amatrep ,gnanoB nanuS helo ayn 9 gnaroes halluilaw gnay
t as halas malad kusamre aweD atirec naidumek ,”ognoS ilaW“ nalibmesek irad ut
.malsI naksafanreb atirec iagabes gnabmekreb icuR
itrepes ,ayntujnaleS aisenodnI nagnayaweP halajam irad ,ihusaN helo pitukid
3791 nuhat mejret gnay riays haubes ritiynem halludbA , asahab malad naha
:tukireb iagabes aynaisenodnI
7 rahcalapogajaR .C :tahiL ,i awiJ harecneP kipE namoR haubeS ;)ilsa iside( atarabahaM aisunaM atarabahaM atirec urab nahabug nakapurem ini ukuB .)8002 ,DoSiCRI :atrakaygoY(
gnay arabmeyas lisah halada ini ukuB .aidnI id gnabmekreb gnay lanigiroret atirec rasadrebrahB helo nakadaid haleteS .aidnI id naayadubek agabmel haubes utiay ,navahB aydiV ayita
ilsa atirec nahutuek malad taumret kadit icuR aweD atirec awhab raneb ataynret ,acab silunep.atarabahaM
8 ,ihusaN icuraweD tareS , h. 5. 9 jojdimaortsaS ,o aweD aretirejT , .h 3.
73
nauhategnep suah tagnas gnay kameD natluS akaM nokal nusuynem kutnu agajilaK nanuS atnimeM
nahuT habmeynem malad takerat umli nakrabmaggnem gnay icuS amiB hadum tagnas aynayaiB
tadahays tamilak acabmem aynaH milsuM idajnem gnay gnaro halkaynab akaM 01
naatnimrep ada ,kameD naajareK asam adap awhab nakkujnunem sata id riayS
agajilaK nanuS adapek natlus gnaroes iagabes icuR aweD atirec nusuynem kutnu
iD .hawkad kutnu nakujutid gnay nakujnutrep haubes kutnu nokal awhab naktubes
aynah ,hadum tagnas )aynayaib( ayntekit ,aynnakiskaynem kadneh gnay igab
tubesret nasatnemep nagned akaM .ajas tadahays tamilak nakpacugnem nagned
.malsI amaga kusam gnaro kaynab naka
hab halsalej ,sata id riays napituk irad isamrofni nagneD nagnabmegnep ada aw
.agajilaK nanuS helo icuR aweD atirec helo taukrepid ini nagnareteK roseforP
nomiS unasaH gnay naktubeynem , aud irad utas halas halada ”icuR oweD“ awhab
sisilanagnem kutnu rasad nakidajid tapad gnay agajilaK nanuS ayrak
.aynnaidabirpek 11 ,ognoS ilaW namaz adap icuR aweD atirec nakgnadeS
agajilaK nanuS nagnarak iagabes lanekid gnay aynsusuhk nagned lanekid hibel ini
.)ayaleM( ayalaM hkeyS atirec 21
,aynnakradeid lawa kajes icuR aweD hasik padahret takaraysam taniM
d itkubret ,raseb haltagnas nahabug aynkaynab ira - ilakes kaynaB .aynsata nahabug
nad igal naknurutid naidumek ,aynilsa atirec irad naknurutid gnay urab nahabug
01 ,ihusaN ,icuraweD tareS 641 .h . 11 ,nomiS unasaH hanaT nakmalsigneM malad ognoS ilaW nareP ;raneJ itiS hkeyS iretsiM awaJ ek tec ,)rajaleP akatsuP :atrakaygoY( - .h ,5002 ,2 8 tapad gnay ayrak aud naktubesiD .
ilaK nanuS naidabirpek sisilanagnem kutnu rasad nakidajid nad icuR oweD tatreS halada agaj.gnulgniL kuluS
21 ,ihusaN ,icuraweD tareS .741 .h tahiL :aguj “ .M .W idaH ludbA kitsiM tafasliF malaD malsIkelobaC tareS icuR aweD sisilanA ;awaJ ,” irad 0102 ieM 01 laggnat seskaid lekitrA
1478391/cod/moc.dbircs.www//:ptth xednI/8 -2.
83
nilaynep kadnehek iauses igal naknurutid . 31 tatacreT haksan amil irad hibel hadus
.ini irah iapmas gnabmekreb gnay
es amatreP ilak , naumenep iauses awhab ,sata id tubesid gnay itrepes
ayngnaragnep aman naktubeynem kadit icuR aweD ilsa haksan ,akarajtabreoP
arik ,nakanugid gnay asahab iges irad tahilem nasalejnep nagned - adap silutid arik
udniH nahilarep namaz - .malsI namaz ek ahduB gnabmekreb uti haletes naidumeK
id ilaB atirec iagabes aynlanekid hibel nagned awaN icuR . awaJ id ,uti aratnemeS
halet tagnignem ,aynmalad id malsI amaga naraja napisis nagned gnabmekreb
arap helo amaturet malsI hawkad aynkusam sidnok gnukudid nagned ilaW i hanaT
awaJ gnay naajarek asam adap ayntujnaleS .malsI naajarek iasaukid halet
gnatnet saul nauhategnepreb aguj gnay aggnajup hokot hallucnum ,atrakaruS
I arupidasaY ,malsI amaga 9271( - )3081 icuR aweD tareS habuggnem nanekreb ,
.ayniurabrepmem nad d nagneD isi naikime arupidasaY nahabug icuR aweD atirec
I adebreb hadus awaN nagned naktaumreb I arupidasaY icuR aweD atireC .icuR
.udniH karoc nagned patet hisam icuR awaN nakgnades ,fuwasaT 41
adap atrakaruS id gnulu aggnajup gnaroes iagabes lanekid I arupidasaY
irS nahatniremep nanuS anawuB ukaP itrepes ,lanekid aguj aI .VI nad ,III ,II
tukid i p ,ihusaN )adnaleB naasgnabekreb awaJ naartsasusek rakap( duaegiP irad ,
malad gnitnepret hokot utas halas iagabes esenavaJ fo ecnassianeR ehT “
”erutaretiL bmek natikgnabek( .)onuk awaJ naartsasusek ila 51 aluM - alum
haleteS .kelobaC tareS malad icuR aweD hasik nakpileynem aynah I arupidasaY
malad uraB awaJ asahaB nagned hutu tares haksan malad aynnaksilunem ai uti
31 ojojdimaortsaS , aweD aretirejT , .h 2. 41 ,qaH luriaaZ dammahuM awadnaP fuwasaT 901 .h ,)0102 ,rajaleP akatsuP :atrakaygoY( . 51 ,ihusaN icuraweD tareS , h . 5.
93
kutneb .tapacam gnabmet 61 irec halini I arupidasaY nahutnes takreB icuR aweD at
ayrak icuR aweD tareS nakhaB .takaraysam helo lanekid tagnas idajnem
.aynhaletes ayrak aumes nauca iagabes paggnaid arupidasaY
halaS .gnabmekreb suret hisam icuR aweD tareS haksan I arupidasaY haleteS
uggnem gnay ojonaT .R helo halada aynutas kutneb malad icuR aweD haksan hab
.uraB awaJ asahaB nagned naracnag ,aynrisfat malad ini nahabuG
awhab utiay ,aynmalad id malsI risana nakpusuynem nanigniek naktahilrepmem
halada nakub kat nad nial kat ardumaS malad id amiB iumet id gnay icuR aweD
ihk iban ,)rilik( rizd 71 ignuragnem urugreb taas asuM iban hasik adap itrepes
.ardumas
icuR aweD haksan nahabuG hisam agit ini taas nakhaB .gnabmekreb suret
notarK akatsuP askeR ,atrakaruS nananusaK notark akatsuP anasaS( naakatsuprep
katsuP aydaR nad ,naragenukgnaM asahabreb haksan napmiynem atrakaruS id )a
adnuS - .numalaS silunep aman nagned noberiC
tapmet ,gniggneP id ini iraH naerasep ( arupidasaY )makam I ripmah , paites
nalub tiluk gnayaw naralegap nakadaid )hairjiH rednelak malad marahuM( oruS
uR aweD nokal nagned adap aynranebes ataynret ,itamrecid akij ipatet nakA .ic
malad nakniamid gnay nokal agnas hadus tubesret gnayaw atirec irad habureb t
arupidasaY nahabug naujut awhab nakgnabmekid tubesret nokal malaD .I
adap nakub amiB nairacnep ap atrit tiw r iras a tet naka , adap ipa nakgnas hurwak -
idamud gninarap lasa gnatnet nauhategnep( - anamek kadneh nad naidajek lasaum
.)ujunem aumes
61 ,onotrakorsoS nasayaY akatsuP uajnineM , .h 21 . 71 .dibI
04
icuR aweD atirec ,icnirep hibel araceS nakgnabmekid gnay nokal malad
nagnayawep ,sata id tubesret amatrep utiay - huyaggnem kutnu amat hurwak
s nakgna - idamud gninarap iracnem surah amiB , nigna gnihusus gnug uyak uyak(
iracnem surah amiB uti haletes ,)nigna gnaras raseb atrit iras atiwrep ,)icus ria(
naktapadnem naka amiB haluti haletes urab nakgnas hurwak - .idamud gninarap
aweD batiK et nagned icuR arupidasaY isrev tapacam gnabm I imalagnem
helo nakukalid amatrep nakatecreP .awaJ furuh nagned katec ilak aparebeb
0781 nuhat adap gnarameS id porD nav nakatecrep ta gnay natibrenep ahasu sa
.ariwapamarK ihebagN saM helo nakukalid ak kutnu katecid naidumeK gnay il
ke ek nad aud t gnisam amas gnay nakatecrep nad gnaro helo aynagi - adap gnisam
.0881 nad 3781 nuhat
adaP ayajiwnugnaM ihebagN saM helo ,2291 nuhat iulalem nad tibrenep
,eiwS neohK naT nakatecrep ,awaJ asahab nakanuggnem hisam aweD batik icuR
ed katecid atik awhab nakatagnem gnay ratnagnep nahabmat nagn b uti icuraweD
alum - upM nagnarak ,gnegA rakeS ayngnabmet nad iwaK asahabreb alum
.)irideK( gnanemaM iregen irad akayadiW nakatec tibret halurab uti haleteS -
nad ,nital nasilut nagned nakatec adap 0391 nuhat - haksan na - gnay haksan
.kimedaka naijakgnep hanar ikusamem ialum icuR aweD nagned naanekreb 81
B. arupidasaY ifargoiB I
ukub malaD gnajaP suT arupidasaY awhab naktubesid ,ihusaN pitukid itrepes
I ,9271 gnihaP tamuJ irah adap gniggneP id rihal halada S aggnajup gnay atrakaru
nakapurem )gnajaP ajar( ayajiW idaH natluS nanurutek , 91 nakapurem nad
81 ,ihusaN icuraweD tareS , h . 85 - .95 91 ,dibI h . 64 .
14
utiay aynhalisliS .tihapajaM rihkaret ajar ,V ayajiwarB irad nanurutek nedaR
I arupidasaY ihebagN nib nedaR gnuggnemuT naregnaP nib ,aragenamdaP
regnaP nib ,ayapunaD itapidA nib ,III alaggnemariW naregnaP nib ,gnareS na
nib ,awaneB naregnaP nib ,nedaR nahabmenaP nib ,II alaggnemariW naregnaP
irtsi( nuyabmeP nib ,agnaneK obeK itapidA nib ,ayajiwidaH natluS itapidA
.V ayajiwarB itnib ,)targninayadnaH gniggneP 02 urunem ipatet nakA nial isrev t
da I arupidasaY ,halislis isnerefer aparebeb rasadreb gnegA iayK nanurutek hala
nahanameP irusuletid suret akij ayajiW idaH natluS nagned halislis umetreb nad ,
amas aynaudek - amas nakapurem ajaR gnaS V ayajiwarB irad nanurutek
ret gnay tihapajaM .rihka 12
aragenamdaP aratna naniwakrep irad rihal I arupidasaY itapidA gnaroes( id
asam adap naajareK askaJ gnaroes nad gnugA natluS asam adap nagnolakeP
)I anawubukaP nanuhusuS utiay ,)aragenamdaP gnegA iayN( mayraM itiS nagned
irtup irad raC hapilaK iayK upi malad aragenamdaP tabahas sugilakes urug ,
aragenamdaP ,ini naniwakrep iraD .gniggneP id malsI amaga nakgnabmegnem
ikal artup gnaroes ainurak nakmadignem - naktapadnem aynmulebes haletes ikal
ragenamdaP ,uti aynnanigniek imed akaM .irtup gnaroes itah haub ulales a
nakukalem kaynab aI .TWS hallA adapek adapek nohomem atarb apat nad
.rudit nad nakam ignarugnem ,malam gnais nitahirp
02 ,abbeT namriduS ifuS - aklanegneM ;awaJ ifus hamaR gnay malsI hajaW n akatsuP :atrakaJ(
621 .h ,)7002 ,navrI . 12 amasreb gnay ayajiW idaH natluS nagned namazes tabahas halada nahanameP gnegA iayK
kanep malad atres turut inatraM uruJ iayK nahanameP gnegA iayK .gnasgnaneP ayrA nakul hanat ihaidahid inatraM uruJ iayK aratnemes ,)atrakaygoY gnarakes( koatneM hanat ihaidahid marataM ajar utiay ,itaponeS nahabmenaP irad haya nakapurem nahanameP gnegA iayK .itaP
ak levon tahiL .amatrep gnay malsI okodnamoK lamaG ayr , regeG ;itaponeS nahabmenaP.iriG nanuS nalamaR .)9002( sata id hokot aumes ,ayntujnaleS ( raM uruJ iayK ilaucek gnay inat
)nakumet muleb silunep nakapurem ini naataynreP .V ayajiwarB nanurutek narusulenep rasadrebsilunep ubaggnem nagned agraulek irad halislis nakgn narupidasaY harT nagned nakudapid gnay
ajar halislis - aruP notarK akatsuP askeR naakatsuprep adap tapadret gnay marataM ajar .atrakaruS naragenukgnaM
24
gnudnagnem aragenamdaP irtsi aynrihka ,uti takarit irad utkaw gnaleS takgniS .
id gnay iyab narihalek gnalejnem irah utas ,atirec gnegA iayN gnudnak
ilha gnaroes gnatad ,gnihaP tamuJ malam simaK irah adap ayntapet ,aragenamdaP
gnihaP tamuJ malam adap rihal gnay kana awhab nakiapmaynem gnay mujun
kaT .aynnial gnay kana irad nahibelek ikilimem gnay kana idajnem naka kalek
haletes amal utiay ,upiraC hapilaK iayK tabahas amalu gnaroes aguj gnatad ,uti
taas adap itnan awhab nakatagnem aI .udeK ,nelegaB irad ayamaggnaH iayK
ikal kana gnaroes nakrihalem naka aragenamdaP gnegA iayN ,hubus - gnay ikal
mem nad iadnap gnay gnaro idajnem naka kalek .nahibelek ikili
aragenamdaP taas adap ,ayamaggnaH iayK nakatakid gnay apa raneb ataynreT
raneb aragenamdaP gnegA iayN ,hubus talahs nakianunem aynumat arap nad -
ikal iyab gnaroes nakrihalem raneb - ikal .gN.R iagabes lanekid kalek gnay ,
I arupidasaY . 22
asaY arupid nakgnades ,aynaut gnaro helo rajnaB sugaB aman irebid licek
iD .hubus utkaw adap nakrihalid ai anerak ,hubuS akaJ halada aynnaliggnap
napaled ek gnay aynaisu )udniwes( , sugaB ,ayamaggnaH iayK naatnimrep iauses
rajnaB nertnasep ek mirikid ayn seraK id anedi udeK n narajagnep tapadnem kutnu
.naamagaek nad ,naayadubek ,nainesek halasam adum fitaler gnay aynaisu malaD
naktahilrepmem halet rajnaB sugaB ,uti takab amaga umli malad asaib raul gnay
.naartsasusek nad
ariK - arik irtnaynem rajnaB sugaB nuhat mane ek gnay aynaisu id satnal , - ai 41
ukaP nahatniremep hawab id arusatraK notark id rirakreb nad irid nakidbagnem
aluM .II anawuB - kutnu sagut irebid nad tirujarp iagabes idbagnem ai alum
22 ,omotU iduB oyhaC nad ,.E .W omoteoS orupidosoY .gN .R lanegneM :gnarameS( liwnaK
artinharaJ gnadiB gnetaJ dubkidpeD 4 .h ,)0991 , -5.
34
arik haletes naidumeK .notark akasup agajnem - ,uti haletes nuhat aud arik tasup
,)oloS( alaS ek hadnipreb naajarek naayacrepek tapadnem ai ,ayntakab iauses
haluti taas kajes nad ,lijiW naregnaP nagnibmib hawab id ajar siraterkes iagabes
.arupidasaY idajnem haburid aynaman iagabes tanama tapadnem aguj aI
anuraT aggnajuP ggnajup( .notark )adum a
5471 nuhat aratna nahagnetrep adaP - gnay nahaceprep idajret 5571
nakulrepid akam ,uti aneraK .notark kitilop huragnep aynhamelem nakbabeynem
lanretni isadilosnok nagned .awaJ ayadub nasiraw ilabmek naktikgnabmem laH
umem kutnu nakujutid ini .uti hamelem gnay kitilop nataukek ilabmek naklucn
ayrak nakatpicnem kutnu nakharekid ayapu iagabreB - gnadib id urab silut ayrak
ukub itnaggnep iagabes artsas - ,notark aggnajup iagabeS .kasur gnay ukub
hk ilabmek habuggnem nad isarotserem sagutreb arupidasaY naartsasusek hanaza
ilabmek nasilunep nakukalem lisahreb halet ai ini lah malaD .onuK awaJ
onuK awaJ batik iagabreb nredoM awaJ asahaB nagned urab batik malad ek
aguj ai ,aynamaga nauhategnep nagneD .asaib raul gnay aynnalipmartek nagned
m kutnu tupul kat ayrak nakharagne - idajnem tubesret aynurab nahabug ayrak
gnay ayrak .malsI naraja naksafanreb kadit lipmat arupidasaY naikimed nagneD
iagabes aguj naknialem ,aggnajup iagabes aynah nad ,amaga urug ,nawarajes
.)ifus( malsI sukitsim
ayraK - as arupidasaY ayrak gnay asahab nakhaB .ini taas aggnih relupop tagn
ayrak malad arupidasaY nakanugid - id naasahabek atat ihuragnepmem aynayrak
halutis iraD .awaJ asahab radnats naruku idajnem aynrihka gnay atrakaruS notark
44
tubesid gnires akam - a awaJ asahab nakotap awhab tubes .atrakaruS halad 32 ayraK -
:utiay ,nial aratna tubesret aynayrak asujaT nital , ,itnayiG dabaB ,kaneM ,’ayibnA
iwaK( artsaS itinaP ,)awraJ( ahawiW anujrA ,kelobaC ,tuyarP dabaB ,aduyatarB
,awraJ icuR aweD ,)gniriM nad .gnupekaP dabaB 42
iawaip niales arupidasaY kaynab tikides aguj ai ,naartsasusek atat malad
.kitilop gnadib id nailhaek iasaugnem nial aratna notark igab arupidasaY asaJ
,atrakaruS notarK isakol nakutnenem tuki halada nahisilesrep nakiamadnem
maH natluS nagned )atrakaruS( III anawubukaP nanuS aratna I anawubukgne
atres ,)atrakaygoY( adap adnaleB nagned naajarek nahalasamrep nakhacemem
.)gnupekap awitsirep( VI anawubukaP nahatniremep utkaw 52 nagneD
adap aggnihes ,uti kitilop gnadib id aynnamalagnep asam ukaP nahatniremep
arupidasaY ,VI anawuB id tapmes idajnem kutnu atnim hitap malad )irtnem(
gnay aisu nasala nagned kalonem ai ipatet nakA .atrakaruS notark nahatniremep
.tujnal halet
aI .3081 teraM 41 ,nowilK nineS irah adap atrakaruS id tafaw arupidasaY
maS .gniggneP id ,aynnarihalek tapmetid nakmakamid aynmakam ini irah iap
aynmakam ,)aynnarihalek irah( gnihaP tamuJ malam paiteS .naktamarekid
gnay aguj ada uata lautirips atasiwreb kadneh gnay gnaro inumurekid palagn
hakrab .aynmakam irad )nahakrebek iracnem( ,I arupidasaY nalaggninepeS
notark id naidumek aragenartsaS nedaR ,aynartup helo nakitnagid aynisisop ,
.)II arupidasaY(
32 halada ini irah iapmas iggnitret awaJ asahab radnats awhab ,awaJ takaraysam id gnabmekreB
sulah gnilap asahab iagabes paggnaid atrakaruS awaJ asahab awhab ,aynitra utI .)oloS( atrakaruSit malad .awaJ naasahahabek natakgn
42 ajajdidaH nad akaratjabreoP , naakatsupeK , h. 051 . 52 ,omotU nad ,omoteoS ,lanegneM 01 .h - 91 .
54
C. icuR aweD tareS malad malsI ayaduB huragneP
utas irad ,amal gnusgnalreb halet awaj artsas padahret raul ayadub huragneP
turut tubesret raul ayadub huragneP .ayntukireb esaf ek esaf kutneb nakutnenem
lucnum gnay awaj artsas ayrak rutkurts nad , 62 ayadub aynmalad id kusamret
.awaJ hanat ek tubesret gnisa ayadub aynkusam kajes ialumid hadus ini laH .malsI
saulem aynhuragnep ,malsI ayadub nakgnadeS anid aynrihkareb gnalejnem uata its
remep nahatni tihapajaM . ek daba adap tauk nikames uti huragneP - iapmas 51
ek daba nagned - ayadub nad artsas anraw ihuragnepmem turut malsI huragnep .61
awaJ .gnabmet kutnebreb gnay kulus artsas aynlucnum hotnoc utas halas iagabeS .
rtsas ayrak halada kulus artsaS aisunam ahasu apureb gnay naraja taumem gnay a
kitsim nakrasadreb itsug aluwak gnilaggnunam ,pudih naanrupmesek iapacnem
.malsi 72
irebmem turut ,malsI nagnabmekrep iatreynem gnabmekreb asaib gnay ayaduB
iD .icuR aweD tareS haksan nataubmep malad huragnep na huragnep itkub arat
atirec nakapurem gnay icuR aweD tareS nasilunep arac nad ayag halada tubesret
ini laH .adanreb nad tutnur tagnas gnay riays atat nakanuggnem nagned
batik nasilunep iapureynem la - ijnajraB aB uata ijnazr , 82 helo silutid gnay hkiayS
raf`aJ al- ijnazraB .4811 nuhat adap nakisireb gnay batik nakapurem ijnazraB aod -
od ijup ,a - ecnep nad naijup WAS dammahuM ibaN tayawir naatir asaib gnay
.adan uata amari nagned naknutnalid
62 ,kkd ,idraP XIX dabA rihkA edoireP awaJ artsaS — inanaF dammahuM :de ,0291 nuhaT
991 ,asahaB nagnabmegneP nad naanibmeP tasuP :atrakaJ( 41 .h ,)6 . 72 .dibI 71 ,h . 82 lA - malad nususid gnay WAS dammahuM ibaN tayawir nakisireb gnay batik halada ijnazraB
ijup ilakes kaynab tapadret aynmalad id nad ualreb riays kutneb - batiK .WAS uaileB adapek naijupamatrep ilak taas arabmeyas irad nakrihalid ini natagnirep ayn ibaN diluM gnay aynalum adap
.malsI tamu tagnames naktikgnabmem kutnu itagnirepid ek hariag naktikgnabmeM - namalsignanegnem nagned - ,WAS ibaN gnanegn sarek gnaujreb gnades malsI tamu uti utkaw babes
aratnet nagnares irad irid naknahatrepmem .sirggnI nad ,namreJ ,sicnarP irad inkay ,aporE bilas
64
taumem icuR aweD tareS ,isi iges malad ,nasilunep arac adap huragnep nialeS
a .fuwasat naraj ratal ikilimem ai alib icuR aweD imahamem tapad aynah gnarO
ayrak adap kadit gnilap kujurem nagned ,fuwasat umli gnakaleb - lA ayrak - ilazahG
nupualaW .ibarA nbI nad akarajtabreoP icuR awed artsas ialin awhab nakatagnem
alin nad raseb kadit uti igab ,gnitnep utigeb kadit aguj fuwasat ukub iagabes ayni
amaturet ,awaJ gnaro nakaynabek rebmus iagabes paggnaid ai ,”aut natakgna“
anrupmasak umli“ kutnu nakujur iagabes ,newajeK naraja kokop ”n .
gned nakiapmasid fuwasat aynranebes ,icuR aweD atireC malaD na
acabmem atik akij ,kituenemreh araceS .awaJ gnaro ”asahab“ nakanuggnem
,nredom artsas )gnidnatsrednuerp( sindnatsrevroV nagned icuR aweD atireC
nakaynabek gnaro aynacabmem gnay aynnakatagnem naka anamiagabes
akarajtabreoP tapadnepreb . T dnuerp alib ipate acabmep gnidnatsre isadnalid uti
,ifus rutaretil adap gnay ayrak iagabes icuR aweD tareS tahilem naka ai akam
.kitsifus tagnas ,ifus rutaretil malad mizal haduS tirec tawel rajagnem ifus arap .a
p ipadahid gnay asgnab ayadub hanazahk irad libmaid uti atireC uti ifus ara ,
aguj itrepes irad atirec kaynab libmagnem zefaH nad ,imuR ,id’aS anamiagab
.fuwasat nakrajagnem kutnu aisreP hanazahk 92
hasiK .)kitsim( fuwasat naraja ialin gnudnagnem I arupidasaY isrev icuR aweD
bmaggnep gnatnet atirecreb aynhasik lawa kajeS gnaroeses anamiagab nara
.iggnitret gnay aynpudih naujut iapacnem
kutnu awhab uhat awaJ gnaro ,kilobmis araces nakrabmagid nupikseM gnay nagnatnir ilakes kaynab ,hadum arakrep halnakub pudih naujut iapacnem
greb irad ialum ayniapacnem amiB .ipadahid surah nagned rupmetreb ,uru umetreb aynrihka iapmas ,ardumas hagnet id agan nawalem talugreb ,asaskar
92 laggnat seskaid lekitra ”,icuR oweD tareS“ )minona( 0102 sutsugA 8 irad
tares/moc.sserpdrow.nayirak//:ptth - owed - /icur .
74
gnay nagnajew irebmem gnay tual agajnep licek kulhkam ,icuR aweD nagned( itajes umli ianegnem nakharecnem nataynusak .) 03
narajA tareS ihuragnepmem gnay fuwasat pesnok halada icuR aweD - pesnok
pes ifaslaf fuwasat malad e pesnok itr la tadhaw ,luluh ,dahitti - ,dujuw nad la nasni -
,limak ai haletes halada aisunam naanrupmesek naiapacnep awhab ismusa nagned
nairacnep nagned nakgnabmalid gnay( aynnaicusek iracnem atrit ema /atr
artiwap ) nakgnabmalid( aynirid itaj ilanegnem naka ai akam uti haletes nad
haubes ini lah malaD .)amiB iapureynem dujuwreb gnay icuR aweD kosos nagned
luaQ aynah hakuata hallulusaR stidaH nakapurem uti aynranebes hatne gnay lilad
naktubesid ,amalu‘ m“ ”uhabbar afara‘ daqaf uhasfan afara‘ na apais gnarab(
.)aynnahuT lanegnem halet ai akam ,aynirid lanegnem 13 awhab ,hadus saleJ
sesorp nakgnabmalem gnamem icuR aweD tareS malad amiB nanalajrep
.nahuT takikah adapek naiapacnep ap sata nugnabid icuraweD atireC nagnadn
.kitsinom tafisreb ,atsemes mala paneges nad aisunam nad nahuT aratna nagnubuh
utas nakapurem ,nahuT nad ,atsemes mala ,aisunam aynranebes ,aid atak aynitrA
,uti aneraK .nahuT halada uti utas gnay takikaH .takikah utas ,dujuw nautasek
kumenem kutnu a nagned utasreb nad nahuT n - ayN nalamagnep kacnup iagabes
kitsim , huaj iracnem ulrep kadit aisunam - ,aynirid raul id ada gnay apa huaj
.aynirid takikah imaleynem nad tahilem pukuc naknialem
03 ,ihusaN ,icuraweD h 9 . . 13 siluneP nakapurem uti tamilak hakapa itsap araces nasalejek nakumenem lisahreb muleb
gnay ada ,ini lah ianegnem tapadnep aparebeb adA .’amalu naatakrep radekes uata stidahm tapadnepreb gnay ada ,isduq stidah nakapurem tubesret naatakrep naktubeynem stidah nakapure
la mamI irad hamkih nakapurem uti awhab tapadnepreb gnay aguj ada nad ,WAS ibaN - .ilazahGitilenep turunem ini aratnemeS namalah tahiL .I bab adap nakpakgnuid halet itrepes uti naatakrep ,
.4 la malaD - ,inataF la tarikzdaT - tauhlduaM T :.pt.T( ,.11 .h ,).t.t ,.np. sid tamilak awhab naktubela zda’uM nib ayhaY irad naatakrep naknialem ,WAS ibaN adbas nakapurem nakub tubesret - izaR .
la mamI - silunep gnay ,tubesret tamilak lasa anam irad nakhalasamrepmem utigeb kadit ituyuSyuS ,aynayrak malad nakumet ajas nakrabajnem aynah itu irad duskam la lalaJ .tubesret tamilak -
la dba niD - nib namhaR la nirkaB ibA - ,ituyuS la - la il iwaH - la if awataF - la mulU‘ aw hqiF - risfaTla aw - la aw stidaH - la aw luhsU - la aw whaN - la iriaS aw bar’I - ,nunuF lov 2. la raD :turieB( - butuK
la - .822 .h ,)0002 ,hayimlI‘
84
fuwasat nasagaG gnay ifaslaf aweD tareS malad paresret icuR tna id aynara
aksan irad lasareb awaJ id lanekret gnay fuwasat h ek daba kajes - utiay ,71 batik la -
la hafhuT - la huR ali halasruM - ibaN ammahuM ayrak la hallA ldaF nbi d -
,irupnahruB laH .aidnI lasa ifus gnaroes anerek ,naktujegnem ulalret kadit ini
aweD tareS icuR kid gnara namaz adap relupop idajnem nad hadus malsI akitek
,awaJ gnaro nagnalak id aynisnetsiske iukaid ,notarek nagnukgnil id amaturet
aratnemes halada iridnes I arupidasaY kitsim urug sugilakes notarek aggnajup
m naigabes gnay id naksibahid aynnakididnep asa .nertnasep 23
reC i icuR aweD tareS malad at aguj ibaN nanalajrep hasik iapureynem
gnabmalarp nagned ihunepid anamid ,jar’iM ’arsI akitek dammahuM - .gnabmalarp
jar’iM ’arsI aynkacnup adaP nagned WAS dammahuM ibaN nakumetrepmem
p utiay ,nahadniek aham nahadniek alageS .TWS hallA nagned naapmujre
surah dammahuM ibaN numan ,anasid adareb naaigahabek nad natamkinek
nakrajagnem kutnu aisunam tamu adapek ilabmek la mirakam - .qalhka akiJ
i akitek itsap ,hilimem hurusid WAS dammahuM halluyibaN ut ikadnehgnem
t ilabmek kadi malad aguj utigeB .naaigahabek malad mayamesreb suret kutnu
itapadnem ai ,icuR aweD hubut malad kusam amiB akitek ,icuR aweD tareS
ilabmek patet surah amiB ipatet nakA .ilabmek raulek naggne nad nagnanetek
araduas adapek - aynaraduas aisunam adapek aguj , nu nad nakrajagnem kut
.naranebek nakkagenem
napirimek ikilimem aguj icuR aweD tareS ,aynatirec naawabmep naidumeK
urugreb kutnu TWS hallA helo hurusid akitek SA asuM halluyibaN hasik nagned
23 “ ihusaN dimaH fuwasaT narajA nagned icuR aweD tareS isarutlukA ,” seskaid lekitra
laggnat 0102 sutsugA 8 irad di.oc.rotnoghalajam.www//:ptth .
94
malaD .SA rizdihK ibaN adapek itukignem SA asuM ibaN ,ini aynurugreb ibaN
umli tapadnem nad ardumas hajalejnem SA rizdihK - .iuhatekid muleb gnay umli
D. amiB nahokoneP )aradukreW( icuR aweD tareS malad
malad hokot iagabes lucnum aynah kat amiB ,awaJ naayadubek harajes malaD
iler ,acra kutneb malad aguj naknialem ,artsas ayrak nad ,gnayaw ”akenob“ ,fe
akhaB .aynaman naktubeynem gnay itsasarp alup adA .gnayaw rabmag ada ,n
amiB iamanid gnay iskalag pukuc gnay utkaw nuruk malad lanekid aI .itkaS
ek daba kajes ,gnajnap - sata taubid gnay ,M 809 anajakuW itsasarP iulalem 01
yD hatnirep 998( gnutilaB ha - .gnarakes aggnih ,udniH marataM ajar ,)M 119 33
.H.W nad nreK .H irad ialum ,nasahab kokop amiB nakidajnem aguj ilha araP
,relzniH idieH ,akarajtabreoP .gN.M.R ,omoteohojirP ,miehrettutS .F.W ,sressaR
amuS inidnayrA oroW nad ,okitnaS inairaH nasilut aynisatresid irad gnay ,otoyr
naklucnumid kajes gnay ines isaerk hokot utas halas uti amiB .nakgnabmekid ini
namaz naitnagrep gnajnapes nahatreb ayad aynup awaJ gnaro ayadub mala malad
negnem narabmaggnep helo kutnebid aynartiC .daba hulupes amales nad kataw ia
.aynkisif iric atres ,narep ,taibat
,pudih takikah nairacnep ,nanatnajek ,nanawalhapek lobmis nakapurem amiB
,sahk gnay hubut naigab ,nadab kutneb malad nakpakgnuid inI .narubusek nad
op niak atres ,atajnes ,asahab nad aracibreb arac ,nakadnit gnay tapme anraw gnèl
( tapme usfan lobmis nup ini niaK .ayniakapid ,haifus ,hamawwal ,harama
)hanniamhtum natakgnit nad ,nahuT nad aisunam nautasek ,ruludes pesnok ,
malsI takerat napahat )tafir’am ,takikah ,taqiraht ,tairays( .
33 ” icuR aweD nad amiB tafasliF ,” ekitra 0102 sutsugA 8 laggnat seskaid l irad
tafaslif/50/0102/moc.iretamgnadug.www//:ptth - amib - nad - awed - lmth.icur .
05
irad ,ihusaN pitukid itrepeS amib awhab naksalejid ,otoyramuS inidnayrA
gnabmalarp iagabes )nakanugid( lanekid namaz ek namaz irad gnay hokot halada
halada amiB ,lawa tihapajaM namaz nagned iapmas udniH namaz adaP .airtasek
,agraulek gnudnilep iagabes awalhap nad ,takaraysam gnudnilep .gnarep n
iagabes halada amiB hokot artic ,rihka tihapajaM namaz adap adap nakgnadeS
bo idajnem aguj nad irid itaj iracnem gnay gnaroes umep kej adap naidumeK .naaj
gnudnilep ,agraulek gnudnilep iagabes halada amiB hokot ,uraB awaJ namaz
nawalhap ,takaraysam nokal malad amaga rabeynep hokot iagabes nakhab ,gnarep
.naasedep haread id gnayaw 43 utiay ,aynada naikimed suret hisam ini irah iapmaS
tafisreb gnay tiluk gnayaw naralegap raseb naigabes nagnarac atirec nakub(
ggnem ,)anayamaR nad atarabahaM itrepes mekap iagabes amiB hokot nakanu
.nalidakaditek nad natahajek kutneb macam alages isakgnumem gnay amatu hokot
,ihusaN nakataynid itrepes ,icuR aweD tareS malad amiB hokot narabmaG
gnay aisunam gnabmal nakapurem radekes aynah halnakub amiB hokot awhab
uT itakrebid nah ipatet ,tauk nad ,hokok ,napmat ,sulah gnay kisif kutneb nagned
aI .ruhul gnay nahainahurek tajared nagned hokot nakapurem aguj aid
nad sarek gnay nauamek nagned inrum nad ,rujuj ,inareb gnay itah nakgnabmalem
es iapacnem kutnu tauk gnay itah nahugetek uti ,sagetrepmem ihusaN .naujut alag
( napudihek ria nakumenem aynnaiapacnep takreb aumes artiwap atrit .) 53
43 ,ihusaN icuraweD tareS , h . 651 . 53 ,dibI h . 951
15
E. S icuR aweD tareS sisponi
sakgnir hasik ,atrakaruS aggnajuP ayrak irad aynhutu atirec irad sakgnireM
iB nanalajrep hasik atirecreb utiay ,icuR aweD m ,aneS amiB ,amiB ayrA( a
satarB .”icuS riA“ iracnem )aradukreW ,ane 63
gnalejneM atarahB - ahduY 73 atoggna hurules liggnamem anahduyruhD ubarP ,
awaruK husum( awadnaP )kekakes araduas nakapurem aynranebes gnay kutnu
k nagnutihrep iraD .awemitsI gnadiS nakukalem e irad tauk hibel awaruK ,satr
aP as anerak ilaucek awadn aP ;ajas lah ut B ikilimem awadn tkas tagnas gnay ami .i
B ,asakrep tagnas gnipmas iD k aguj ami e tauk nad ,ugul ,rujuj gnay airtas
eb aI .ilebid asib kadit aI .nauamek r ep B .aynnanikayek adap huget gnag ami
b namodepre , hab nayhdan ,inala nehd ala apas ,ikiceb nehd ,kiceb apas gniS" u
nanak - gnawunib ala nej gnirek " nakukalrepid surah ,kiab gnay apais gnarab(
iridnes nanak uhab uti nupiksem ,kurub nakukalrepid surah kurub gnay apais ,kiab
akam kurub taubreb akij .)gnaubid surah K ayapuS gnadis ,gnanem awaru
.nakasanibid tapad amiB raga arac iracnem kutnu naksutumem ipatet nakA , gnay
idajnem B ,aynhalasam ami .nakhalakid kutnu tauk ulalret
B .oiraneks haubes haltaubiD urah ami B ?anamiagab aynaraC .gnaubid s ami
tagnas d tamroh .anruD iseR ,aynurug adapek hutap na upit haltaubid akaM
.amiB naksumurejnem kutnu anruD iseR kasednem awaruK utiay ,tahilsum
satnal ,uti nagneD B nakhatniremem anruD iseR :napudihek ria iracnem kutnu ami
us otrit uata ,atiwarp atrit ,atiwreP atriT ,uladnamak atrit ,piruagn gninic
63 onaT .R :tahiL ,oj gni atrakaruS naggnajupaK ilsA nobaB turutiM ;gnudiK icuR aweD tareS
.M XIX dabA lawA aydaM ,atrakaruS( .np.T , )2691 malad icuR aweD tareS haksan aguj tahiL . ,ihusaN ,icuraweD tareS aradukreW nanalajrep gnatnet atirecreb tubesret haksan sakgnirid akij
”.icuS riA“ iracnem malad )amiB( 73 aratna raseb nagnarepep halada ahduyatarahB awadnaP nagned awaruK gnilas gnay
naajarek naktuberem aruP anitsA sirawep iagabes nial amas utas mialkgnem gnilas kahif audeK ..tubesret naajarek has
25
ignawijnatrma ,atrma , ma atrit e atr tayah ria uata , apais ,nawageB gnaS turuneM .
pudih takgnit iapacnem naka ai ,ini napudihek ria helorepmem tapad gnay ajas
mes gnay awanarp ikilimem naka aI .anrup aI ".awij nasabebek umli" naka
nagned atsemes mala naidajek aisahar imahamem naka aI .aynisi alages utseas
awrup peremus - ayar dagaj gninasakew uata gnatnet umli gninarap nakgnas
damud i B . ugar helob kadit ami - anerak ,ini atrma atrit iracnem malad ugar akij
ugar - anrep naka kadit ugar .nataynusak gnatnet nauhategnep iapacnem h surah aI
huggnus nagned daketreb - tapad kutnu ajas apa inalajnem aler nad huggnus
.tubesret agrahreb gnay nauhategnep helorepmem
atrma atriT )tayah ria( gnunuG id adareb aI .helorepid hadum kadit ini
d ,akumardnaC i arasalaP abmiR arasarbkiT natuh B ,ugar apnaT . ,takgnareb ami
araduas nupualaw - surah aI .talub hadus ayndakeT .aynignalahgnem aynaraduas
aug ikusamem aI .aynurug adapek tamdihkreb anadamadnaG gnunuG id
.uti akumardnaC teS i m amiB ,akumardnaC gnunug id aynab gnunug rakgnobme
halaM .umetek kadit irac ai gnay ria ipatet naka ,uti id aud nagned umetreb ai utis
aleM .alakamkuR nad akumkuR :asaskar B ,tayshad gnay narupmetrep iul mi a
utab ek tubesret asaskar audek gnitnabmem aI .aynaudek nakhalagnem lisahreb
h aggnih nad ,gnalihgnem uti asaskar audek hubuT .rubel rucna naidumek ataynret
B aratahB nad ardnI aratahB idajnem habureb uya inalajnem ajas urab gnay
asaskar idajnem apur nad kutneb habureb aggnihes ihtsemarP gnayH nakutuk .
abebret aynaudek halamiB takreb urtsuJ nakpacugnem akereM .uti nakutuk irad s
.aynhisakamiret B ami rabak tapadnem D awhab uti awed audek irad anru
i napudihek atriT .atsudreb aynranebes .akumardnaC id adareb kadit ut hurusid aI
g adapek ilabmek .aynranebes gnay nasalejnep atnimem kutnu aynuru
35
amiB ek sagegreb anitsA 83 . ,aynurug nagned umetreb ai ,anas id ayniapmaseS
aynurug satnal ini lah ,ukkana ,O" ,aynadapek atakreb .naknarehgnem kadit
uka gnameM aynranebeS .alumes irades nakanacneruk halet ,ajagnes uka aynah
gnasek huaj aparebes iuhategnem nigni umnapug . aynranebes ini pudih ria tapmeT
hagnet id katelret - hagnet .”ardumas ,aynurug nasalejnep ragnedneM B ami
ilabmek tayah ria iracnem takgnareb .
mulebeS takgnareb araduas padahgnem igal ilakes ai ,ilabmek - aynaraduas id
atramA .aynutser aod nohom , duaS ara - .niji irebmem kadit aynaraduas akereM
atnimem amiB kadit kutnu B ipaT .takgnareb .aynnakuarihgnem kadit ami aI
araduaS .ardumas ek takgnareb areges - ,uti nahidesek aneraK .hidesreb aynaraduas
hagnetid gnatad anserK ubarp akam - ubihgnem kutnu akerem hagnet nad r
awhab nakuhatirebmem nagned nailakes awadnap araduas itah nakrasebmem
.tamales nagned ilabmek itsap amiB
B ,ardumas ipet id ayniapmaseS .natual malad ek tacolem ami ai ulaL tubmasid
car natorpmes nagned rubmeN raseb ralu irad nu B .awan ihgnem tapad ami nakradn
uti ralu asib ayahab . trep halidajret aregeS itam narupme - amiB aratna id naitam
N nad rubme B adap adareb agudid tapad hadus nagnanemeK .awan ami nagned
itkas atajnes aynakanacnaP ukuK .
,apur naikimedes gnay nanalajrep hupmenem haleteS B sakrep gnay ami hadus a
aganet nasibahek ripmah iracnem - id irac atrma atrit aynranebes anam ria( artiwap /
)tayah gnabmoid aI . - helo nakgnibma .raseb gnay ardumas gnabmoleg gnalureB
nad kurupret asarem aI .majat nad sarek gnay gnarak utab ek nakrutnebid ilak
takednem ripmah P .aynlaja i lidrek awed iumetid ai haluti taas ada aynah gnay
83 ajarek halada aruP anitsA id gnay na esrep .awaruk nad awadnap aratna nakhisil
45
amiB gnikgnilek iraj rasebes ayndujuw gnay sisrep nad aynirid iapureynem
icuR aweD amanreb aid awhab nakataynem . iD tapadnem aynrihka amiB halinis
nagnajew - nauhategnep iagabreb gnatnet nagnajew .napudihek takikah umli
55
VI BAB LOBMIS ISKURTSNOK ICUR AWED TARES MALAD
)ICUR AWED TARES KITOIMES SISILANA LISAH(
A. icuR aweD tareS eK tiaB - 2 aluggnadnaD I
//gnirm atirup kud aradukerW adapek urugreb akitek aradukreW
//aayapugn nenik anruD gnaynahD iracnem hurusid anruD atedneP
//ekakecun gnakgni ayot nakicuynem gnay ria
//nupinariras gnaram aynirid sata
//itrawew kutnam aradukerW rabak irebmem gnalup aradukreW
//atramagn irgen gniram atramA iregen ek
//hupes gnadak timap aynkakak adapek irid nohom
//aritsiduY ubarp aris rp utiay aritsiduY uba
//igneram ujun ayadas irs arap gnak kida nad - nalutebek aumes aynkida
//akar gninasragn gnena .aynadnakak padahgnem gnades
oN adnaneP kinorkniS kinorkaiD adnateP
.1 atiruP
)urugreB(
umli iracneM
iulalem
aratnarep
gnay gnaroeses
tubesid nagned
.urug
abmahgneM
gnaroeses adapek
kutnu
naktapadnem
umli utaus
.utnetret
nagned daketreB
imed huggnus
.umli naktapadnem
atedneP adapek urugreb ai ,ikadnehek ai gnay umli naktapadnem imed aradukreW
,renib isisopo nanugnab malaD .anruD nataigek naadarebek helo nugnabid urugreb
kadit uruG .urug nad dirum aynada utiay ,iuruggnem gnay nad urugreb gnay gnaro
.dirum naadarebek helo nakutnetid aguj aynnaadarebek ilaucek adareb
utiay ,bara asahab irad lasareb asahab araces diruM li’af misi irad adara - udiruy -
natadari - nadarum aw - ”,nudirum“ awuhaf .”naknignignem gnay“ aynitra gnay 1
1 ,roldhuM idhuZ .A nad ,ilA kibatA la( reropmetnoK sumaK - irhsA‘ ) barA - aisenodnI
.7961 .h ,)3002 ,akifarG ayraK itluM :atrakaygoY(
65
kutnu aynnahilip nakutnenem nad pakis libmagnem halet aradukreW ,ini lah malaD
gnay okiser alages nagned pais halet ai aynitra ,nanigniekreb gnay gnaroes idajnem
takelem .uti aynnahilip adap nagned tubesid dirum fuwasat sketnok malaD .kilas
oN adnaneP kinorkniS kinorkaiD adnateP
.2 gnaynahD
uata ,uruG(
aguj asib
itrareb
asaugnep
hayaliw utaus
.)utnetret
gnaroeS
gnay
rajagnem -
.umli nak
gnaynahD malad
takaraysam naitregnep
itrareb ini taas awaJ
biahg .mala asaugnep
.utnetret hayaliw utaus
halada uluhad ankaM
.gnugA uruG gnaroes
gnay gnaroeS
atres umlireb
.hilipret
sketnok malaD .dirum gnaroes helo itamrohid bijaw gnay gnaro halada uruG
,fuwasaT nagned tubesid urug diysrum ,nakharagnem ,lawagnem gnay gnaro utiay ,
gnaroes adapek umli nakrajagnem atres kilas m kutnu naiapacnep haubes iapacne
tirips .utnetret lau
atak nakitragnem ai ,ihusaN itamrecneM gnaynahD akiJ .atedneP nagned
tapet gnilap gnay atak nakapurem gnamem ”atedneP“ atak nahilimep ,irusuletid
.awaJ takaraysam igab kadit awaJ takaraysam namahamep malad ”atedneP“ ataK
radekes es anamiagab aisenodnI asahab malad naankamep , atak lucnum akij
atedneP“ , ” m aka gnaroes naankamep adapek isaisosareb akitekes irad habtohkgnep
ga ,netsirK ama ”,atihdnaP“ halada uti nagned rakaes hisam gnay nial atak uata
.ahduB amaga akumep utiay naitregneP gnatnet awaJ takaraysam ”atedneP“ halada
asahab irad ,iwaK awaJ ubes utiay nasawaw ikilimem gnay gnaroeses igab nat
gnay namahamep iraD .kiab iagnarepreb atres iggnit lautirips kadit akam ,naikimed
gnaraj :tamilak nagned aynucuc itahesanem kekak arap ,atihdnanip airtas aidaD
75
ay gnaroes halidaJ :itrareb aisenodnI asahab malad gnay aynkayal iagnarepreb gn
.atednep
,naikimed nagneD aradukreW awhab adapek nakkujnunem sata id nagnaretek
.urug gnaroes iagabes tapet inikay ai gnay gnaro libmagnem halet iracnem kutnU
kiab nakgnabmitrepmem surah gnaroeses ,urug - dajnem satnap gnay apais kiab i
lasa agned urug iracnem nakranebid kadiT .aynigab urug - gnay ai anerak ,nalasa
nakharagnem nad nakrajagnem naka ayn naktapadnem kutnu takarit utaus inalajnem
akam ,halas aynurug akij nad ,raneb naka ayndirum akam ,raneb aynurug akiJ .umli
las tuki ayndirum tapadnem anerak ha .halas gnay gnaro irad umli nak
oN adnaneP kinorkniS kinorkaiD adnateP
.3 gnakgni ayoT
ekakecun
gnay riA(
.)nakicuynem
gnay riA
nakicuynem
agar nad awij
.aisunam
kutnu riA
naicuynep
ria itrepes
.aggnaG iagnus
ria :malsI →
uhduw
nagneD ,tubesret ria
gnaroeses akam
nakicuynem tapad
irid
nakukalem kutnu aynirid ikadnehgnem akij gnaroeses amatrep gnilap napahaT
nad awij nakicuynem utiay ,uluhad icusesreb surah ai akam ,lautirips nanalajrep
irad hatnirep tapadnem aradukreW .aynagar kutnu ,anruD atedneP ,aynurug
gnay hatnirep nakapurem ini hatnireP .aynirid nakicuynem gnay ria iracnem
gnaroeses ,naamagaek lautir malaD .naujut sugilakes naalumrep itra gnudnagnem
kadit akij uata ria nagned irid nakicuynem nagned ayniuluhadnem naksurahid
.naicusek iapacnem kutnu halada iridnes uti lautir irad naujut lahadap ,ubed nagned
,inamsaj tafisreb hibel fitaler lautir ilawagnem gnay icusesreb ,aynadeb aynaH
.inahor tafisreb hibel ayntujnales gnay naicusek naujut nakgnades
85
ksalejid asib kadit gnameM reb ,idnam hakapa ajas utigeb na - uhlduw nad
mummayat gnamem uti nataigek tasak araceS .naujut uata tarays nakapurem uti
akij ipatet nakA .talahs nakajregnem mulebes tarays nakapurem radekes haloes
abanij idnam malad apagnem ,takikah atamacak nagned tahilid ruyuggnem surah t
malad aguj ,nakicusnem nad icus ria nagned hubut hurules uhlduw surah
naaynatrep nakapurem ,ikak audek nad ,alapek ,nagnat audek ,akum husabmem
nahusab nad naruyug aneraK .nagnunerep nakhutubmem gnay - padahret nahusab
m aynranebes uti agar .awij husabmem nad ruyuggnem kutnu taraysi nakapure
oN adnaneP adnateP
.4 irebmem gnalup aradukreW
nohom //atramA iregeN ek //rabak
utiay //aynkakak adapek irid
kida nad //aritsiduy ubarp - aynkida
gnades //nalutebek aumes
.aynadnakak padahgnem
- gnaroeS halkadneh badareb gnay
agraulek adapek timap nohom
,nanalajrep nakadagnem mulebes
satab iuhatekid kadit gnay hibelret
.aynutkaw
- agraulek halada awadnaP agrauleK
,naaraduasrep ilat agajnem gnay
.imharutalisreb nad ,iludep gnilas
ek tiab mumu araceS - 2 aluggnadnahD naklupmisid asib icuR aweD tareS I
utnetret sagut utaus nakirebmem urug gnaroes igab kayal awhab nasep taumem
,namalagnep ,narajagnep naktapadnem dirum gnas naujut nagned ayndirum igab
id ini laH .tubesret sagut nakanaskalem haletes umli atres nagned nakrabmag
.nakicuynem gnay ria iracnem kutnu aradukreW adapek anruD atednep nasagunep
irad sagut naknalajnem malad ,badareb gnay dirum gnaroes iagabes ,naidumeK
adapek nakukal ai naka gnay apa nakrabagnem ai halkadneh urug gnaroes
gnem gnay agraulek aynimoya gnay utkaw nakhutubmem tubesret sagut hibelret ,
agajnem kutnu nakukalid ini laH ?ayniaseles amal aparebes iuhatekid muleb
95
utaus nakkujnunem anerak ,agraulek utaus malad natabarekek nagnubuh
rebmem nagneD .aynnial gnay nagned utas aratna nailudepek kanas adapek rabak i
amas naka aumes aynkadites ,agraulek - gnay gnaro iagabes paggnaid asarem amas
tahesan atres ,naras ,nagnabmitrep nakhutubid ulales nad taked - .ayntahesan
agraulek naadarebek nagned nakrabmagid ini macames nasinomraheK
ulales gnay awadnaP nakidajid apateB .awaJ takaraysam igab nadalet rugif
gnisam haggnis tapmet ikilimem nad asawed halet gnay araduasreb awadnaP -
akitek nagned nakkujnutid ini laH .lupmukreb gnilas patet hisam gnisam
ces ,aritsiduY ubarP ,aynadnakak padahgnem kadneh aradukreW nalutebek ara
.uti akerem autret kakak padahgnem gnades aguj nial gnay aynaraduas agitek
aynnairahesek malad akij idajret licek nanikgnumek ini macames nalutebeK
akij nareh kadit akam ,naikimed nagneD .lupmukreb gnires kadit akerem
ikilimem awaJ takaraysam nakaM“ aynagraulek kutnu nagols lasa nakam kat
,lupmuk ” uti igabreb gnilas kutnu agraulek aynlupmukreb awhab adnatrep iagabes
.kitsilaudividni tafisreb gnay turep nasuru isurugnem kubis adap irad gnitnep hibel
gid awaj gnaro nadalet hokot arap halnaikimeD .nakrabma
B. icuR aweD tareS tiaB eK - 3 aluggnadnahD I
//ij akar gni rutam anesayrA ajar adnakak adapek atakreb aneS ayrA
numal ayot hirmam hasek asra ria iracnem igrep naka awhab //
gnined ehudutip urug aynurug kujnutep sata //
nugnnugn artupamrahD irS D irS // nareh artupamrah
asraima ira gniruta aynkida narutunep ragnednem //
atpinic ayab gnetparp ayahabaram nakrikimem //
ardneran gnuknugnam // akudreb idajnem ajar gnas
ayajnanaD ayirtas nayd ayajnanaD airtaS nedaR //
itaparan irS akar gni habmen rutam atakreb // ajar adnakak habmeynem libmas
06
acekas nat akinup .kiab kadit uti awhab //
.oN adnaneP adnateP
.1 adnakak adapek atakreb aneS ayrA
iracnem igrep naka awhab //ajar
irS //aynurug kujnutep sata //ria
ragnednem //nareh artupamrahD
//aynkida narutunep nakrikimem
idajnem ajar gnas //ayahabaram
akudreb
halada icus ria iracnem nanalajreP
.suires tagnas gnay nanalajrep
gnaroeses atirec ada hanrep muleB
aggnihes ,aynhupmenem
aynmacnagnem gnay ayahabaram
ini laH .nakrabmagret kadit
tupamrahD irS haser taubmem ar
.)aritsiduY ubarP nial aman(
irid nanohomrep lahirep gnatnet utiay ,aynmulebes tiab gnubmaynem ini tiaB
aradukreW .icus ria padahret nairacnep nakadagnem kutnu agraulek kanas adapek
siduY ,aynadnakak adapek timap pacu nakrutahgnem duskamreb aradukreW ,arit
.uruG gnaS irad hatnirep tapadnem ai awhab nakrabagnem nagned
idajnem hadus aynranebes ini sata id naktubesid gnay anamiagabes naidajeK
.asaib nanalajrep halnakub icus ria iracnem nanalajrep awhab lawa kujnutep
ay aradukreW gnaroes anamiagab tahilreT radekes kutnu asakrep utigeb gn
alages irad irid agajnem aram ayahab ,aynmacnagnem gnay ,natimapreb surah
hupmenem malad idajret naka gnay apa uhat muleb iridnes ai nakaes
.uti aynnanalajrep kanas adapek aradukreW natimap tamilak ,nial atak nagneD
nagraulek nagnaj awhab aynnagnaretek irad itnaggnep tamilak halada ay
iridnes ai gnay taas aparebeb amales aynrabak nakaynanem uata ayniracnem
.aynsatab uhat muleb
awhab sagetrepmem gnay lah ,ayntujnaleS halnakub aradukreW nanalajrep
uY pakis halada asaib nanalajrep kutnu aynadnida tain nagned tegak gnay aritsid
16
ai anerak ini aritsiduY tegak asaR .icus ria sata nairacnep nakadagnem
.uti aynnairacnep malad aradukreW iatreynem gnay ayahabaram nakrikimem
idajnem haubreb aritsiduY narikip ,tegak asar adap itnehreb kadiT .nahidesek
nadnida kadnehek nagned akudreb aI iapureynem nakaes ini naidajeK .ay
sagut naknalajnem kutnu aynagraulek adapek tirujarp gnaroes ayntimap awitsirep
araces iuhatekid kadit gnay saguT .nial aragen aratnet nagnares nawalem retilim
a ai hakapa itsap ajas nikgnum uata ,akerem adapek ilabmek asib nad tamales nak
gnaroes muhramla iagabes aynaman gnalup aynah amal kadit gnay utkaw malad
gnay agraulek itumileynem itsap nahasilegek nad nahideseK ?asgnab gnaujep
imes aynatoggna utas halas irad timap tapadnem .naikimed las
inalajid kadneh gnay nairacnep aynsalej kadit apateb halsalej naikimed nagneD
taubmem halet uti huggnat nad ,tauk ,inareb hagag gnay idabirP .aradukeW
nakgnayabid tapad haduS .aynadnakak igab maladnem utigeb gnay naritawahkek
nairacnep apateb .ajas apais helo nakelepesid tapad kadit uti icus ria
.oN adnaneP adnateP
.2 atakreb //ayajnanaD airtaS nedaR
//ajar adnakak habmeynem libmas
.kiab kadit uti awhab
tubmasid aritsiduY nahideseK
nial aman( ayajnanaD pakis nagned
nohomem gnay )anujrA - nohom raga
aradukreW naknanekrepmem kadit
.igrep kutnu
turut aruP anitsA id adareb gnades aguj nalutebek gnay anujrA naadarebeK
aradukreW inalajid kadneh gnay icus ria nairacnep awhab nagnaretek taukrepmem
adapek aradukreW timap pacu ragnednem anujrA .ayahabreb tagnas gnamem uti
nem gnusgnal akitekes aritsiduY raga ,aritsiduY ,aynautret kakak adapek habmey
26
anujrA .igrep kutnu ,aradukreW ,aynaudek kakak naknanekrepmem kadit
.kiab kadit uti awhab nakatagnem
:atak irad nahamejret nakapurem inis id kiab kadit ataK .acekas nat takaraysaM
kanuggnem gnires iridnes awaJ kadit ankam adapek hibel ini atak na
( kiab kadit atak naikimed nagneD .nakkanegnem acekas nat nakatakid gnay )
maladnem gnay naritawahkek ankamreb aguj uti aritsiduY adapek anujrA
.akudreb naasarep nagned aynnakpakgnugnem halet aritsiduY anamiagabes
C. tareS icuR aweD tiaB eK - 4 aluggnadnahD I
inalil akudap nupmas higgnI naknizi akudap nagnaj //
akinup ehasek melad iyar igrep uti ajar adnida //
esoar acekas netob kiab kadit aynasar //
nutnastow helak ayra // rabmeK iS alukaN( - )awedaS ( naikimed nup libmas
habmeynem atakreb )
inalil nawut nupmas higgni naknizi adnakak halnagnaj //
akudap akar kataw adnakak arap tafis //
nulukup anitsagN anitsA id ada gnay //
arasgnas ardnegnam ayrak nakarasgneynem nigni aynah //
anrud iseR isupagn hirup lubenig raga kujubid anruD atedneP // upinem
awadnaP arp gninanris .awadnaP arap aynhansum imed //
.oN adnaneP adnateP
.1 adnida //naknizi akudap nagnaJ
kiab kadit aynasar //igrep uti ajar
.nakkanegnem kadit gnay naasareP
kutneb malad nakijasid gnay awaJ artsas ayraK awraj lasimes )amal isiup(
artsas nasilunep ayag nagned adebreb haltagnas ,icuR aweD tareS natirugeg isiup(
nad )urab nakirap nakirap nad natirugeG .ini taas gnabmekreb gnay )nutnap(
36
tiab nakhiparem gnurednec aynnasilunep - gnay edi naiakgnar utas nagned ayntiab
.hutu
netnas ehudud tapuk nagnaM natnas aynhauk taputek nakam //
netnupagn nuwuyn tapel iwaneM nakfaamid nohom halas ada akij //
asalk ikalpmun netnas huduD rakit ihapmunem natnas hauk //
aluk ruta netnames pakeC .ayas rutah naikes pukuc //
adap tiab nalaggnemeP nakirap amir nad edi iauses hutu halada sata id
adap itrepes amal ayrak adap nakgnadeS .naksilutid surah nutnap anamiagabes
gnudik , gnabmet nad , awraj nalaggnemep malad hipar utigeb kadit aynnasilunep
h gnilap gnay nasumuR .tiab ratna ayrak halada aynnasilunep malad itukiid sura
gnudik , gnabmet nad , awraj )ugal urug( ugal nanatat nagned nakiauseynem surah
iauses gnabmet aynlasim ,hilipid gnay ,aluggnadnahd hulupes halmujreb surah
s kiral hulupes iaseles halet akiJ .tiab utas malad kiral nasilunep edi nakgnade
,ayntukireb gnay tiab lawa kiral adap naksilutid asib akam ,iaseles muleb
.adebreb hadus gnay edi kutnu nakadaid uti tiab aynitajes nupiksem
ek tiab adap amatrep kiral agiT - gnabmet 4 aluggnadnahd icuR aweD tareS I
atujnalek nakapurem napacugnep ,utiaY .aynmulebes tiab rihkaret kiral agit irad n
aradukreW naigrepek adap aynnananekrebkaditek sata aritsiduY adapek anujrA
.nakkanegnem halkadit uti asarem anerak icus ria iracnem kutnu
.oN adnaneP adnateP
.2 alukaN( rabmeK iS - nup )awedaS
habmeynem libmas( naikimed
adnakak halnagnaj //)atakreb
naknizi
tapadnepes awedaS nad alukaN
turut akereM .anujrA nagned
.anujrA tapadnep naktaugnem
46
aynaumes lupmukreb nalutebek gnay aradukreW awadnaP araduas tapmeeK
kiab hibel hakgnala awhab tapadnepes ayntain nakgnurugnem aradukreW akij
aradukreW kida agitek apateb salej rabmagret inis iD .icus ria iracnem kutnu
nohomem - raga tagnas nagned nohom kadit autret kakak iagabes aritsiduY
.aradukreW adapek nizi irebmem
ikal kakaK - a awaJ ayadub malad autret ikal moyagnep kaggnot iagabes halad
kida igab - asam atres ,natamalesek ,nahutubek sata bawajgnuggnatreb aI .aynkida
kakak nasiraw lah malaD .tafaw hadus hayA gnaS akij hibelreT .akerem naped
ikal - gnitid gnay fitkudorp hanat nasiraw aumes naktapadnem autret ikal naklag
kida agajnem kutnu aut gnaro sagut gnubmaynem asib naujut nagned ,aut gnaro -
ikal kakak iagabes aritsiduY aynlah naikimeD .aynkida - gnanewreb ai ,autret ikal
.aynkida bisan surugnem
nadujuwreP id anamiagabes ayadub icuR aweD tareS malad sata id tubes
id kutnu aynatnimem duskamreb gnay aradukreW kida agitek nagned nakrabmag
,aradukreW rugenem gnusgnal araces kadit ,icus ria iracnem tain nakgnurugnem
,lahadaP .nizi nakirebmem kadit kutnu autret kakak adapek nohomem naknialem
j nikgnum tagnas ,kida iagabes aynnakiapmaynem ajas gnusgnal akerem aki
.akubret araces aradukreW adapek
.oN adnaneP adnateP
.3 id ada gnay //adnakak arap tafiS
nigni aynah //anitsA
nakarasgneynem
arap padahret kurub akgnasarP
gnay awaruK araduas
naasaibek ignakalebratalid
anamiagabes utkaw adap idajret -
.aynmulebes utkaw
56
ataK - ek tiab adap ”nakarasgneynem nigni aynah“ atak - 4 aluggnadnahd I tareS
irad aisenodnI nahamejret halada icuR aweD ,arasgnas ardnegnam ayrak gnay
,awaruK arap kataw halutigeb gnameM( :narabajnep nagned iankamid tapad
.)awadnaP arap( nakarasgneynem )ahasureb ulales( nigni aynah )aynaajrek ataK
itra gnudnagnem gnay lah nakataynem saget tagnas ini napakgnu adap ”aynah“
.naasaibek
,naikimed nagneD alukaN rabmeK iS naagirucek halsatnap akam - uti awedaS
akgnas kurub itrareb atrem atres nakub nad ,ajas naadapsawek kutneb iagabes
itapadnem hadus akerem aneraK .fitagen ialinreb gnay nial kahip adapek
naidajek adap awadnaP sata awaruK arap nakiabkaditek -k .aynmulebes naidaje
icuR aweD tareS awhab ,aynmulebes bab adap naksalejid halet itrepeS
raysam aggnihes ,atarabahaM raseb atirec adap nakpisisid nagned awaJ taka
kusamret ,atirec haubes sigol nagnubmanisek iagabes aynamirenem hadum
hokot nakatawrep - id hokot anamiagab lafah halet awaJ takaraysaM .aynmalad
gnameM .akerem adapek iapmas icuR aweD tareS atirec mulebes awaruK kataw
,nagnarucek ,tahilsum upit nagned hunep awaruK awhab aynada halnaikimed
ni aynah“ napakgnu ,aggniheS .awadnaP padahret natahajek atres nig
ek tiab adap ”nakarasgneynem - nakitraid nikgnum kadit ,sata id icuR aweD tareS 4
pakis niales ek adapsaw na .fitisop ialinreb gnay
66
.oN adnaneP adnateP
.4 raga kujubid anruD atedneP
arap aynhansum imed //upinem
awadnaP
- aynitajes ,awadnaP arap igaB
gnay gnaro halnakub anruD atedneP
arap helo kujubid aynah aI .tahaj
.awaruK
- ada hisam atednep gnaroeS
helo kujubret tapad nanikgnumek
.natahajek
tapmeek tiab irad rihkaret sirab auD aluggnadnahd I ini icuR aweD tareS
atedneP idabirp isidnok nakiapmaynem hokot iagabes aynnaadarebek gnay anruD
uba“ - id adareb hakapa ,aynisisop saget araces nakataynid asib kadit gnay ”,uba
?awaruK uata awadnaP kahip awadnaP igab urug nakapurem ai salej gnaY
.awaruK sugilakes
itregnem halet awaJ takaraysaM uK nad awadnaP awhab aynranebes awar
,amasreb hamur utas malad adareb aynaudek aynuluD .kekakes araduas halada
dirum nagnolog aud igab urug atirec alum lasa halinis iraD .aruP anitsA utiay
kajnemes awaruK nad awadnaP igab urug idajnem halet aI .uti uretesreb gnay
aumes isam ayn kanak h - ,kanak iapmas akerem aynrihka haletes iakitreb .asawed
dirum halada awadnaP - gnidnabid kiab hibel isatserp nakkujnunem gnay dirum
gnay halawaruK kahip ,ialumid naiakitrep taas ipatet naka ,awaruK arap
ihal araces ,utigeb nagned ,aruP anitsA imaidnem gnamem anruD atedneP hair
malad uhat gnay ada kadit ipatet naka ,awaruK arap namaidek tapmet id adareb
tah .alebid gnay hakanam kahip ayni
ai nasala nagned aynkahipid adareb itsap anruD atedneP asarem awaruK araP
rap aratnemeS .akerem nagned hamures laggnit lah nakasarem aguj awadnaP a
76
naka urug gnaroes utnet ,isatserpreb hibel akerem ini amales anerak ,amas gnay
ulales gnay atednep gnaroes halada anruD hibelret ,akerem hilimem
.kurub nad kiab nakgnabmitrepmem
tapmeek tiab adap ”kujubid“ ataK aluggnadnahd I S icuR aweD tare
alukaN rabmeK iS nanikayek nakkujnunem - anruD atedneP awhab awedaS
nagned aradukreW naksumurejnem kutnu askapid ai ipatet naka ,kiab aynranebes
aynhansum imed awaruK arap nakukalid ini laH .icus ria iracnem aynnaksagunem
nsumem utiay ,awadnaP nataukek utas halas nakha hunubmem nagned aynrasebret
uti aynitajes ,anruD atedneP irad natahajek idajret akij ,aynitrA .aradukreW
.awaruK nakujub sata naknialem ,iridnes aynkadnehek halnakub
o naaskap rasad sata nakukalid gnay nataubrep nakkujnunem nialeS ,nial gnar
tapmeek tiab adap ”kujubid“ atak aluggnadnahd itrareb aguj icuR awed tareS I
kejbo idajnem gnay halanruD atedneP ini lah malaD .kujubret nanikgnumek
kutnu nauyar helo kujubret tapad urugahaM gnaroes haknikgnuM .nasahabmep
?natahajek kadnit utaus
aisunam hartif araces utiay ,nahamelek kitit ikilimem aisunam aynrasad adaP
.atinaw nad ,athat ,atrah halada aynmaladid gnay ainud iatnicnem ada gnameM
gnay aisunam upmam irad satnem nalaj hilimem gnay akerem aynasaib ,aynagitek
ek nalaj iagabes lautirips ai ,aisunam nup apa icuses ipatet nakA .naaigahab
kadit ,gnarukreb nad habmatreb nanamiek radak ikilimem gnay aisunam halpatet
.TWS hallA asauk adapek kudnut ulales gnay takialam itrepes ,halini rasad satA
snetopreb naknikgnumid hisam urugahaM gnaroes akam amirenem tapad kutnu i
alukaN rabmeK iS ,anruD atedneP nagned aynlah aguj naikimeD .nakujub –
.rajaw gnay nanikgnumek haubes iagabes ayntahilem awedaS
86
D. icuR aweD tareS tiaB eK - 5 aluggnadnahD I
iruan asayim aradukerW bawajnem ulal ragnednem aradukreW //
hapma ned aanek asem nusgnI hagecid tapad nikgnum kat uka //
ewehd ukrumu aitam iridnes uklaja uti ,itam nupualak //
sutunip hirm ayden gnow nakhatnirepid gnay iracnem nigni uka //
icuS ahaM gnayH elaggnunap icuS ahaM gnaY nagned utasreb kutnu //
kas aneS ayrA anas igrep areges aneS ayrA //
gnurpmemus tapelak hides tagnas nad maid //
aritsihduY ardneran irS aritsiduY ubarP gnaS //
ipis nat nugnnugn agitak ira hawim ugnamret aynkida agitek nad // - ugnam
anut gnom kabenit ril .utauses nagnalihek nakiagab //
.oN adnaneP adnateP
.1 ulal ragnednem aradukreW
nikgnum kat uka //bawajnem
nupualak //hagecid tapad
iridnes uklaja uti ,itam
- kat aradukreW irad tauk dakeT
gnalahid nikgnum - .ignalah
- ridkat padahret aradukreW nanikayeK
kadit gnay gnatad itsap gnay naitamek
hanrep atres ,aynidajret babes gnaruk
.aynnagnatadek rawatid tapad kadit
ek tiaB - ria iracnem ayntain sata aradukreW pakis nasalejnep nakapurem ini 5
nakgnurugnem nad rudnum nikgnum kadit ,natain malad hayog naka kadit aI .icus
.aynnaujut idajnem gnay apa kimeD awaJ gnaro alodi hokot nakrabmagid halnai
nanikayek isadnalid gnay nauamek ada hadus akiJ .icuR aweD tareS atirec malad
ilakes nagnaj akam ,kiab naujut kutnu - tarebes naadog anerak hakgnal turus ilak
:nakatakid awaJ hatapep malaD .nup apa
neY idew aja inaw - idew tukat nagnaj )nikay( inareb akij // - tukat ugar( - )ugar
inaw aja idew neY - inaw .inareb kos nagnaj )ugar( tukat akij //
96
,kiab naujut kutnu tauk gnay aynnanikayek libmagnem halet aradukreW
araduas nakatakid gnay nup apa aggnihes - aynaraduas upmam nuptikides kadit
.uti aynnatain hagecnem
nakkujnunem aguj aradukreW pakis ,tauk gnay nanikayek nakkujnunem nialeS
pakis nazdunsuh .urug padahret )akgnas kiabreb( 2 awhab ,naksalejnem onoyluM
rum gnaroes nasurahek narabmaggnep nakapurem icuR aweD hasik kutnu di
.aynnaatnimrep hena nad rakus ualaw urug gnaroes adapek aynhunepes ayacrep
gnay padahret tiyam pakis iagabes nakrabmagid gnires ini naayacrepeK
.aynarahilemem 3 urug nakisisopmem utiay ,fuwasat malad nakrajaid gnay halinI
amrohid gnay kosos iagabes akgnasarp apnat ,it - urtsuj gnay fitagen akgnasarp
gnaroes ,lasimeS .iridnes aynirid sata hukgna pakis naklucnumem gnurednec naka
uti dirum akam ,umli kaynab kadit uti aynurug awhab akgnaynem halet dirum
rug hatnirep idajnem gnay apa naknalajnem naggne naka gnay nupiksem ,aynu
.aynigab nakiabek nakapurem uti nakhatnirepid
aradukreW napacu naidumeK ”,ewehd ukrumu aitaM“ sagetrepmem hibel
nad araduas hurules akiteK .aynukalel inalajnem malad aradukreW pakis
ritawahkek nasala anerak ignalahgnem kadneh ayntabarek padahret akerem na
ai nakhab ,huget patet aradukreW ,aynapminem naka gnay ayahab aram okiser
.uti aynnaujut iapacnem kutnu itam aler nakitsap
naharsapek pakis nakkujnunem aguj rabmagret gnay aradukreW nahuggnuseK
.nahuT adapek irid naabmahgnep utiay ,latot 4 sa raf’aJ mamI ,ini lah malaD -
2 ,idawruP awaJ fuwasaT .63 .h ,)3002 ,isaraN tibreneP :atrakaygoY( 3 ,onoyluM irS aisunaM retkaraK nad gnayaW .511 .h ,)9791 ,gnugA gnunuG :atrakaJ( 4 ataK ewed ukrumu aitam rumu kilimep iagabes nahuT adapek naharsapek nakkujnunem
,apminem gnay ayahab aram nup apa rasebeS .aisunam laja nakutnenem gnay halnahuT .aisunamehgnem nahuT akij .uti gnaroeses haltamales akam ,gnaroeses igab natamalesek ikadn
70
kadneh gnay akerem igab utiay ,naataynrep haubes nakaratugnem hanrep qidahS
takikah uluhad hibelret naktikgnab ai aynkadneh ,umli tutnunem hayidubu
.aynirid adap )abmah gnaroes iagabes naasarep( 5 akam ,abmah gnaroes iagabeS
nup apa ,aynnaut hatnirep idajnem gnay nup apa hatnabmem kadit gnaroeses
hibeL .aynokiser - halada aisunam naatpicnep takikah igal irusuletid akij hibel
( hallA adapek irid nakabmahgnem kutnu nudub ’ayil .) 6
.oN adnaneP adnateP
.2 gnay iracnem nigni ukA
utasreb kutnu //nakhatnirepid
icuS ahaM gnaY nagned
halada icus ria nairacnep irad naujuT
gnaY nagned utasreb tapad kutnu
.icuS ahaM
ek tiab irad naigaB - 4 aluggnadnahd nasalejnep halada ini icuR aweD tareS I
tiab irad ilabmek ek -2 utiay , lahirep .icus ria nairacnep haleT gnuggnisid
lautir haubes naknalajnem mulebes tarays halada icusesreb awhab aynmulebes
iapacnem kutnu halada aynitajes iridnes uti lautur naujut nakgnades ,naamagaek
.irid naicusek
helo nakhatnirepid gnay awhab nakatagnem aradukreW halada anruD atedneP
iracid kadneh gnay icus ria aynitra ,icuS ahaM gnaY nagned utasreb kutnu
araduas helo naktukatid aynnanalajrep nad aradukreW - nakapurem uti aynaraduas
iumenem nikgnum kadit icuS ahaM gnaY nakgnadeS .naicusek ujunem nalaj
t gnay utauses iulalem naka halitsap naicusek iapacnem kutnu satnaL .icus kadi
.nagnir kadit gnay nagnatnat nad ,naadog ,natihapek
5 ”,diruM idajneM“ ,tamhaR nasaH ,.dE idrakuS malad hailuK - fuwasaT hailuk :gnudnaB(
h ,)0002 ,hayadiH akatsuP .412 . 6 la .S.Q tahiL - .65 taya )15( tayirazD
17
.oN adnaneP adnateP
.3 nad maid //igrep areges aneS ayrA
ubarP gnaS //hides tagnas
aynkida agitek nad //aritsihduY
ugnamret - kiagab //ugnam na
.utauses nagnalihek
- .ayndaket nagned huget adukreW
- nakasarem araduas amaseS
bisan sata naritawahkek
.nial amas utas aynaraduas
gnay nanikayek haubes hagecnem nad gnudnebmem tapad gnay ada kadiT
hadiak malaD .tauk la uhsu - hqif :naktubesid la - kaysib ulazay al uniqaY
ugarek helo naklaggnatret kat nanikayek( - macames nahuggnusek nagneD .)naugar
dukat surah apnat ,ayninikayid gnay apa ajas naknalajnem patet aradukreW ,uti
.aynapminem naka gnay apa nagned
ep naka ai itsap ,araduas gnaroes iagabeS gnay utauses alages padahret ilud
awadnaP araduas adap idajret gnay naikimeD .nial gnay aynaraduas adap idajret
.icus ria iracnem kutnu aradukreW helo naklaggnitid akitek
72
V BAB
PUTUNEP
A. nalupmiseK
bab adap nasalejnep nad naiaru iraD - mumu araces silunep ,uluhadret bab
:naklupmiynem
1. nakapurem raseb naigabes mumu araces icuR aweD tareS nagnudnak isI
nasep aguj tapadret ipatet naka ,fuwasat naraja - ayadub nad ,akite ,larom nasep
.aynmalad id awaJ
2. lobmis naanuggneP - kutnu nakduskamid icuR aweD tareS malad lobmis
adaP .aynmalad id gnudnakret gnay kitsim nasep naiapmaynep sulahrepmem
namagaresek namahapesek ikilimem awaJ takaraysam ,aynnasilunep asam
d gnabmalrep )isnevnok itukignem( gnay anam iagabes isakinumok asahab mala
.tubesret tares malad nakanugid
3. nasagag nupuam edi nakiapmaynem malad raseb nanarep ikilimem artsaS -
alop kutnebmem upmam artsas ,sirotsih araceS .awaJ takaraysam adapek nasagag
ragnep irebmem atres ,takaraysam rikip ( pakis naratat adap iapmas hu edutitta )
gnaro nad isamrofni nakiapmaynem anaras nakidajid artsas ,aynanerak helO .awaJ
.awaJ id takaraysam adapek utnetret isim nakhab
B. naitileneP naraS
naiaru rasadreB ada naka nakparahgnem silunep akam ,sata id nalupmisek
:gnatnet tujnal hibel naitilenep
37
1. gnay newajek kitsim narajA id akisalerok aweD tareS irad isi nagned n
.icuR akij ,awaJ id aynsusuhk milsum tamu igab igal taafnamreb hibel nakA
malades ilagid icuR aweD tareS gnatnet naitilenep - aynmalad gnatnet
aynnatiakretek ek naraja nagned - taya aynmalad id nakpakgnuiD .namalsI - la taya -
stidah atres na’ruQ - kutnu ayntukireb bab ek bab utas irad WAS ibaN stidah
hukukrepmem nanikayek takaraysam duskamreb icuR aweD tareS awhab
napudihek iankamem hibel kutnu aynacabmep nakharagnem ,aynamagareb
naraja tagnignem - helo ituikiid hibel ruhulel irad kajib narutut apureb naraja
gnidnabid awaJ takaraysam raseb naigabes lilad - amaga naraja irad imser lilad
fitamron tafisreb gnay .
2. ayntujnales rihal gnay naitilenep adap nakparahgnem itileneP ,
m ispirksed nakhabmane liatedes - aynliated iggnitret lautirips naiapacnep gnatnet
nakirebmem upmam uti naitilenep lisah nakparahid aggniheS .hadabireb malad
em“ kutnu aynacabmep igab huragnep - inahor - ,aynhadabi kutneb alages ”nak
utiay uhal anihsilhkum la - nid reb aguj tubesid gnay uata - nashi ,naikimed nagneD .
hadabi kiab hadabireb malad itnan aynacabmep haldham ,asaup ,talahs itrepes
nupuam ,ijah hahldham uriahg hibel idajnem ,amases adapek kiab taubreb itrepes
gnem aynah ilaucek ,nuptikides hirmap apnat salhki nakparah ahldir .TWS hallA
3. malad takab nad tanim ikilimem ini ayrak acabmem gnay gnaro akiJ
ayrak aynirad rihal naka ini haletes nakparahid akam ,iskif ayrak silunem - ayrak
oiraneks nakhab nad ,asorp ,isiup ,amard ,neprec ,levon apureb gnay urab iskif
mlif naraja taumem gnay - tareS malad gnudnakret anamiagabes fuwasat naraja
.icuR aweD
47
nad silunep igab taafnam nakirebmem agomes ,ini ispirks nasilunep naikimeD
nad tamhar takreb TWS hallA adapek rukuys ijuP .acabmem nanekreb gnay
mam silunep aggnihes aynqifuat .racnal nagned ini ispirks nakiaseleynem up
la ib mal’a uhallaW - .bawahS
57
AKATSUP RATFAD
.idhuZ .A ,roldhuM nad kibatA ,ilA la( reropmetnoK sumaK - irhsA‘ ) barA -.aisenodnI .3002 ,akifarG ayraK itluM :atrakaygoY
.miT nad idramuzA ,arzA .fuwasaT idepolkisnE ,asakgna tibreneP :gnudnaB
.8002
.sirK ,namiduB .akitoimeS asoK atrakaygoY .9991 ,SiKL :
------------------- . .lausiV ineS nad artsaS akitoimeS :satinokI ukuB :atrakaygoY.5002 ,kiaB
------------------- . .lausiV akitoimeS .4002 ,kiaB ukuB :atrakaygoY
.idnaparaH ,irhaD narikimeP .inaliaJ ridaQ ludbA hkeyS kitsifuS igoloeT kaJ :atra
.4002 ,sserP uyhaW
.idrawuS ,arawsardnE .newajeK kitsiM .4002 ,isaraN :atrakaygoY al- .inataF la tarikzdaT - .tauhlduaM .t.t ,.np.T :.pt.T
.luriaaZ dammahuM ,qaH .awadnaP fuwasaT .0102 ,rajaleP akatsuP :atrakaygoY
aR ,tayadiH nad .M.K.E ,wobmanisaM .S uyah nad adnaT ijakgneM ;kitoimeS.kafitrA .1002 ,akatsuP ialaB :atrakaJ
,itayluM .irS akumekreT ifuS naiakgnaR ;aratnasuN fuwasaT . rakaJ anacneK :at
puorG aideM anaderP , 5002 .
.irS ,onoyluM .aisunaM retkaraK nad gnayaW .9791 ,gnugA gnunuG :atrakaJ
aN .dimaH ,ihus .I arupidasaY awaJ fuwasaT ;icuraweD tareS NIU :atrakaJ.9002 ,sserP atrakaJ
.kkd ,idraP XIX dabA rihkA edoireP awaJ artsaS — dammahuM :de ,0291 nuhaT .inanaF .6991 ,asahaB nagnabmegneP nad naanibmeP tasuP :atrakaJ
rraB lA nad A suiP ,otnatraP .nalhaD .M ,y .relupoP haimlI sumaK :ayabaruS
.4991 ,akolrA
,otiwaP .fitatilauK isakinumoK naitileneP .8002 ,SiKL :atrakaygoY
.najdraT ,ajajdidaH nad akaratjabreoP .awajD naakatsupeK atrakaJ ,natabmajD7591 .
.idawruP .awaJ artsaS harajeS hS :atrakaygoY .7002 ,adia
67
.ahtuK namoyN ,antaR irad ;artsaS naitileneP kinkeT nad ,edoteM ,iroeT .fitaraN anacaW fitkepsreP ;emsilarutkurtsoP aggnih emsilarutkurtS
.7002 ,rajaleP akatsuP :atrakaygoY
.ijuP ,asotnaS .artsasuS naijakgneP nad akitoimeS nagnacnA :gnudnaB ,asakgnA.3991
.oneS .A ,ojojdimaortsaS .ajntafasliF itrA nagneD ictuR aweD aretirejT :atrakaJ
.7691 ,atniK
ed .dnanidreF ,erussuaS .mumU kitsiugniL ratnagneP .tayadiH .S uyahaR .jreteK .teC ,sserP ytisrevinU adaM hajaG :atrakaygoY - .3991 ,2
al- sijiS la nib namialuS duaD ubA ,inat - .sta’ysA ,duaD ubA nanuS :turieB .4 .lov
la raD - la batiK - .t.t ,ibarA‘
.unasaH ,nomiS nakmalsigneM malad ognoS ilaW nareP ;raneJ itiS hkeyS iretsiM .awaJ hanaT ek tec ,rajaleP akatsuP :atrakaygoY - .5002 ,2
.humiS malsI kitsiM idutS utauS ;atisrawaggnaR ihebagN nedaR newajeK
.itaJ tayadiH diriW tareS padahreT IU :atrakaJ - .8891 ,sserP
--------- ..kkd , .sisirK nad fuwasaT .1002 ,rajaleP akatsuP :atrakaygoY
,.dE idrakuS hailuK - .fuwasaT hailuk .0002 ,hayadiH akatsuP :gnudnaB
naT .R ,ojo atrakaruS naggnajupaK ilsA nobaB turutiM ;gnudiK icuR aweD tareS .M XIX dabA lawA aydaM gni .np.T ,atrakaruS , .2691
.namriduS ,abbeT ifuS - .hamaR gnay malsI hajaW naklanegneM ;awaJ ifus
.7002 ,navrI akatsuP :atrakaJ
.saylI .MH ,ortsasidreW K sireK .ognoS ilaW nad adasamila inapmiT :atrakaJ.8002 ,gnihsilbuP
.hR ,adadiW .larutkutS artsaS kitirK edoteM haubeS ;artsaS kutnU erussuaS
.9002 ,artusalaJ :atakaygoY
.iduB oyhaC ,omotU nad omoteoS ,.E .W .orupidosoY .gN .R lanegneM :gnarameS ubkidpeD liwnaK artinharaJ gnadib gnetaJ d .0991 ,
.atrakaygoY gnabaC onotrakorsoS nasayaY araceS icuR aweD akatsuP uajnineM
.maladneM ,onotrakorsoS nasayaY :atrakaygoY 1791 .
.j.P ,redlumteoZ .gnadnaP gnayaleS ;onuK awaJ artsaS ;nawgnalaK :atrakaJeK .tec ,natabmajD - ,2 .5891
77
tenretnI sutiS iraD ataD nad ,iskiF ukuB ,ispirkS irad nakujuR
“ .M .W idaH ludbA tareS icuR aweD sisilanA ;awaJ kitsiM tafasliF malaD malsI
irad 0102 ieM 01 laggnat seskaid lekitrA ”,kelobaCxednI/81478391/cod/moc.dbircs.www//:ptth - .2
aman( ahsaF malad aretret gnay bew )golb “ ”,icuR aweD tareS artsaS lekitra
irad 9002 rebmeseD 13 laggnat seskaidlmth.evihcra_10_10_9002/moc.topsgolb.31kitsimahsaf//:ptth .
paharaH , alrE atinaR itn “ nasayaY id SDIA/VIH retsoP adap kitoimeS sisilanA
umlI atileP ”. malsI satisrevinU ,isakinumoK nad hawkaD satlukaF I S ispirkSiH firayS iregeN 8002 ,atrakaJ hallutayad .
lekitra ”,artsaS ataK itrA ilabmeK tunureM ;artsayN“ .G sunaliguS ,ahtraH
seskaid irad 0102 sutsugA 8 laggnatartsaS_malad_ankaM/202/meti/lanruoj/moc.ylpitlum.rolomteraknemrep//:ptth
. .lamaG ,okodnamoK .iriG nanuS nalamaR regeG ;itaponeS nahabmenaP
Y .9002 ,sserP AVID :atrakaygo
“ dimaH ,ihusaN lekitra ”,fuwasaT narajA nagned icuR aweD tareS isarutlukA laggnat seskaid irad 0102 sutsugA 8 di.oc.rotnoghalajam.www//:ptth .
.C ,irahcalapogajaR iside( atarabahaM awiJ harecneP kipE namoR haubeS ;)ilsa
.aisunaM .8002 ,DoSiCRI :atrakaygoY
omopuS .S , lekitra ”,asaM gnajnapeS iD aynisnaveleR naD anuK awaJ isgnuF“ irad 0102 sutsugA 81 laggnat seskaid
th.31artsas/serggnok/srepap_r/secneics_laicos/ecneics/di.ca.artep.www//:ptthm.
“ aisenodnI asahabreb aidepikiW laggnat seska id lekitra ”,awaJ artsaS iluJ 42
0102 :irad i//:ptth awaJ_artsaS/ikiw/gro.aidepikiw.d .
---------------------------------------- ,ilaB awaJ artsaS“ laggnat seskaid lekitra ” 420102 iluJ irad awaJ_artsaS/ikiw/gro.aidepikiw.di//:ptth - ilaB .
ekitrA l- :salej gnay lekitra luduj nakhab nad silunep aman apnat lekitra ” ”,icuR aweD nad amiB tafasliF irad 0102 sutsugA 8 laggnat seskaid lekitra
0102/moc.iretamgnadug.www//:ptth tafaslif/50/ - amib - nad - awed - lmth.icur .
87
laggnat seskaid lekitra ”,icuR oweD tareS“ 0102 sutsugA 8 iradtares/moc.sserpdrow.nayirak//:ptth - owed - /icur .
irad 0102 iluJ 42 laggnat seskaid lekitrA
2=egap&artsas=cipot?php.xedni/latrop/moc.avajfoegatireh//:ptth .
idabirP aracnawaW
rebmetpeS 3 laggnat ,gniggneP ,onodraW okoJ iK nagned idabirP aracnawaW.0102
dabirP aracnawaW rebmetpeS 5 laggnat ,ilaloyoB ,.neS.S ,akihdnA iK nagned i
.0102
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