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Indigenous Peoples Experimentation of ICT in Sabah, Malaysia
Jenifer Lasimbang
Volunteer & Resource Person- PACOS Trust (www.sabah.net.my/pacos)
Community-based volunteer organization in Sabah
Lecturer - School of Engineering and ITUniversiti Malaysia Sabah
A typical mother and child scene Photo: Adrian Lasimbang
An Introduction to Indigenous Peoples of Sabah, Malaysia
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Indigenous Peoples Experimentation of ICT in Sabah, Malaysia
Source: http://www.worldswitch.com/Countries/Malaysia/images/MalaysiaM.jpg
http://amf.pocketmovies.net/about/images/Malaysia_map.gif
where is Sabah, Malaysia?
In Southeast Asia2nd largest of the 13 states in
Malaysia
occupies the northern portion of the
island of Borneo, the 3rd largest island in the world
Bound by the South China Sea on the
west and the Sulu and Celebes (Sulawesi) seas on the east
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Indigenous Peoples Experimentation of ICT in Sabah, Malaysia
indigenous peoples of Sabah, Malaysia
a pre-school child sleeping peacefully on a hammock
a young boy looking out from his bamboo house
Photos: Jenifer Lasimbang
MAJOR ETHNIC GROUP• DUSUN, MURUT, PAITANIC, BAJAU, MALAYIC• 60% OF POP. OF ABOUT 2.6 Million• 70% RESIDES IN RURAL AREAS• SUBSISTENCE FARMERS
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Indigenous Peoples Experimentation of ICT in Sabah, Malaysia
Inside of a long house
Weaving tapestryPhotos: Jannie Lasimbang
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Indigenous Peoples Experimentation of ICT in Sabah, Malaysia
Traditional systems of indigenous peoples of Sabah
Belief System
Social System
Cultural System
Educational System
Health System
Political and Administrative System
Judicial System
Economic System
Resource Management System
Agricultural System
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Indigenous Peoples Experimentation of ICT in Sabah, Malaysia
Belief system
A bobohizan (priestess)
A bobohizan performing an oath ritual on a big stone
Photos: PACOS Trust
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Indigenous Peoples Experimentation of ICT in Sabah, Malaysia
Social system
Photo: Jannie Lasimbang
During any gatherings, it is common
for each family or member of the
community to bring and share
their food and drinks with others.
Among the Kadazandusun
community, this is referred to as
mizungu’ (potluck)
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Indigenous Peoples Experimentation of ICT in Sabah, Malaysia
Cultural system
Photo: Adrian Lasimbang
The concept of respect for others,
humility, tolerance, self-reliance,
service and mitabang (labour-
sharing or communal work)
stems out from deep appreciation
of the cultural integrity of a
community
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Indigenous Peoples Experimentation of ICT in Sabah, Malaysia
Educational System
A little boy encourage to learn a musical instrument - kulintanganPhoto: Jannie Lasimbang
Working on paddy fieldsPhoto: Jannie Lasimbang
Concept:Concept: Children are free to follow their grandparents, parents or other members of the community to any activities in the village
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Indigenous Peoples Experimentation of ICT in Sabah, Malaysia
Resource Management System
Photos: PACOS Trust
Principles:Principles:Indigenous communities understand that there is a limit to what can be extracted from the natural environment and that they are only custodians of God’s gift
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Indigenous Peoples Experimentation of ICT in Sabah, Malaysia
Agricultural system
Photos: Jannie Lasimbang
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Indigenous Peoples Experimentation of ICT in Sabah, Malaysia
Issues faced by indigenous peoples
Loss of land and user rights to other land
Threatened source of livelihood (forest and rivers)
Integrity of adat or traditional belief system at stake
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Indigenous Peoples Experimentation of ICT in Sabah, Malaysia
PACOS’ WORK AMONG INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES IN SABAH,
MALAYASIA
• Location & People
• Issues Faced by Communities
• Aim and Strategies of PACOS
• Programs of PACOS
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Indigenous Peoples Experimentation of ICT in Sabah, Malaysia
PROJECT SITES
25 AREAS
12 DISTRICTS
POPULATION: 500 FAMILIES
ETHNIC GROUP:
KADAZANDUSUN, MURUT, RUNGUS & SUNGAI
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Indigenous Peoples Experimentation of ICT in Sabah, Malaysia
Vision To create a peaceful and united indigenous communities equipped with knowledge and
skills to manage resources and opportunities to support a comfortable life
MissionTo raise the overall quality of life of indigenous communities
Aim 3 Strengthen positive
values, cultures, language and belief systems
Aim 2Strengthen indigenous
knowledge related to resource management
Aim 1 Obtain Native Customary
Land titles and secure user rights to other land
Strategy Human resource development and building of people’s organization to raise indigenous
peoples capacity to manage livelihood issues
Land Campaign
Community Education
CO Training Socio-Economy
Adat & Culture
Community Research
PACOS’ AIM & STRATEGIES
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Indigenous Peoples Experimentation of ICT in Sabah, Malaysia
COMMUNITY ORGANIZING TRAINING
2 YEARS TRAINING (THEORY & PRACTICAL)
TRAINEE FROM SELECTED MEMBER OF COMMUNITY
TO BUILD AND ENHANCE CAPACITY OF COMMUNITY ORGANISATIONS TO HANDLE ISSUES AFFECTING THEM
CURICULUM FOCUS ON COMMUNITY-BASED INTEGRATED RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
90 PARTICIPANTS BENEFITED FROM THIS TRAINING SINCE 1989
ESTABLISHED 15 PEOPLE’S ORGANISATION
CURRENTLY TRAINING SEVENTH BATCH OF 15 TRAINEES (COT-7)
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Indigenous Peoples Experimentation of ICT in Sabah, Malaysia
LAND & NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
CUSTOMARY LAND CAMPAIGN
SOUGHT LAWYERS HELP
FILED PETITION IN COURT
SOUGHT PRESS SUPPORT
PEACEFUL DEMONSTRATION
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Indigenous Peoples Experimentation of ICT in Sabah, Malaysia
LAND & NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
PROTECT AND REPLANT WATERSHED AREAS
PROVIDE GRAVITY-FEED WATER SUPPLY
MANAGE FISH RESOURCE
TRAINING FOCUSED ON COMMUNITY-BASED RESOURCE MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS (Use and Protect)
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Indigenous Peoples Experimentation of ICT in Sabah, Malaysia
LAND & NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT OF FOREST RESOURCE AND ESTABLISHMENT OF HERBAL GARDENS
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Indigenous Peoples Experimentation of ICT in Sabah, Malaysia
LAND & NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENTCOMMUNITY RESOURCE MAPPING TRAINING
DETERMINE LAND AND RESOURCE BOUNDARIES
WATERSHED BOUNDARIES
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Indigenous Peoples Experimentation of ICT in Sabah, Malaysia
SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTFORMED VILLAGE SOCIO-ECONOMIC GROUPS
CURRENTLY 20 VSEG
ESTABLISHED VILLAGE SUNDRY SHOPS
ESTABLISHED MARKETING NETWORK AMONG THE VSEG
ORGANISE YEARLY SE MEETING AND WORKSHOPS
ORGANISE YEARLY VILLAGE PRODUCT FAIR
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Indigenous Peoples Experimentation of ICT in Sabah, Malaysia
SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTTRAINING FOCUSED ON SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE (Chemical free farming) and GREEN ECONOMY (e.g. Ecotourism)
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Indigenous Peoples Experimentation of ICT in Sabah, Malaysia
ADAT AND CULTURE
ORGANISE YEARLY CULTURAL MEETING
ORGANISE YEARLY CELEBRATION OF IP DAY
SEMINAR AND WORKSHOP ON ADAT
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Indigenous Peoples Experimentation of ICT in Sabah, Malaysia
ESTABLISHED 13 PRE-SCHOOL CENTRES SINCE 1993
PRE-SCHOOL CENTRES MANAGED BY PRE-SCHOOL VILLAGE COMMITTEE
CURICULUM FOCUSED ON USAGE OF LOCAL LANGUAGE AND CULTURE
COMMUNITY EARLY CHILD CARE & DEVELOPMENT
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Indigenous Peoples Experimentation of ICT in Sabah, Malaysia
ONE WEEK BASIC ECCD TRAINING
6-12 MONTHS PRACTICAL TRAINING AT ECCD CENTRE
ON-SITE TRAINING AND MONITORING
COMMUNITY EARLY CHILD CARE & DEVELOPMENT
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Indigenous Peoples Experimentation of ICT in Sabah, Malaysia
COMMUNITY EARLY CHILD CARE & DEVELOPMENT
PRODUCE SUITABLE TEACHING MATERIALS
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Indigenous Peoples Experimentation of ICT in Sabah, Malaysia
COMMUNITY RESEARCH & INFORMATIONRESEARCH, DOCUMENTATION AND PUBLICATIONS
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Indigenous Peoples Experimentation of ICT in Sabah, Malaysia
OTHER ACTIVITIES
IP Self Governance Workshop
Wildlife Management
Integrated Watershed Management
AD-HOC TRAINING FOR GOVERNMENT AGENCIES
HOST TO CONFERENCES
BUILD NETWORK AND SUPPORT FOR OTHER IP ORGANISATIONS
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Indigenous Peoples Experimentation of ICT in Sabah, Malaysia
introduction – some highlights1) Worked closely with PACOS last 10 years
• Provide assistance for organization’s ICT needs• Continuous training for volunteers/Community Organisers/field staff and admin/finance staff• Built and maintain organization’s website • Consultation - ICT related activity planning and implementation
2) Case Study/Experiment: Terian Community
• ICT awareness for the community• Conducted training sessions• Sourced laptop and a printer• Follow up training and other related activities
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Indigenous Peoples Experimentation of ICT in Sabah, Malaysia
Photos: Adrian Lasimbang
Indigenous Peoples’ Experiments with ICT in Sabah, Malaysia Pilot project : introducing ICT to indigenous peoples of Terian
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Indigenous Peoples Experimentation of ICT in Sabah, Malaysia
Daily activities
An old lady putting finishing touch on her basketPhoto: Jenifer Lasimbang
Part of life – carrying fire woods in their basketsPhoto: Jenifer Lasimbang
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Indigenous Peoples Experimentation of ICT in Sabah, Malaysia
community discussions
Discussions held with communities involved in the pilot
project, namely, the Nampasan and Terian communities
Women and children participating in a discussionPhoto: Doreen Lasimbang
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Indigenous Peoples Experimentation of ICT in Sabah, Malaysia
acquire resources
Seek donations from individuals, organizations, and government for the
community
(Pictures taken during the presentation of the printer and the laptop that were donated to the Terian community)
Source: Adrian Lasimbang
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Indigenous Peoples Experimentation of ICT in Sabah, Malaysia
appropriate resources
provide sustainable technology
for the community
e.g., solar-powered computer systems for communities without
electricity
Setting up solar-system components for testing
Photo: Jannie Lasimbang
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Indigenous Peoples Experimentation of ICT in Sabah, Malaysia
trained local technology champions
Photo: Jenifer Lasimbang
Trained the local champions in the basic maintenance of the solar-
powered computer system
Adrian’s sketch of the system’s components
Adrian explaining how the system works
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Indigenous Peoples Experimentation of ICT in Sabah, Malaysia
Network of volunteers
Volunteers taking a break from the journey to the remote village of Terian
Photo: Jenifer Lasimbang
University student volunteers conducting training at the Terian primary school
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Indigenous Peoples Experimentation of ICT in Sabah, Malaysia
conducted training sessions
Conducted all training sessions
in the local language
Computer terms in the
indigenous language were
created with the help of the community members
(Picture: A sample teaching aid for the training sessions)Source: Jenifer Lasimbang
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Indigenous Peoples Experimentation of ICT in Sabah, Malaysia
issues and challenges
Motivation for.. the WILL NOTS … for the CAN NOTS
Awareness….for the KNOW NOTS
N e
t w o
r
k
…. for the HAVE NOTSRNTC
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Indigenous Peoples Experimentation of ICT in Sabah, Malaysia
lesson learned
Heart of the project is heart of the people
Community of Terian – from all walks of life, most people are looking at a computer for the first time in their life Photo: Doreen Lasimbang
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Indigenous Peoples Experimentation of ICT in Sabah, Malaysia
lesson learned
Experiment involved remote and rural indigenous communities
• Build trust with and within communities
• Enthusiasm from local champions ensure continued progress
• Difficult for communities to initiate efforts – they need help
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Indigenous Peoples Experimentation of ICT in Sabah, Malaysia
project significance
• Takes a lot to reach out to them – but they are there waiting for IT to be put into their hands …
Idea 1: establish regional network of IP ICT volunteers
Idea 2: establish guideline what & how to document
• ICT is the tool to create and disseminated indigenous contents, documentation of an indigenous culture and knowledge is part of preserving its identity but ….
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Indigenous Peoples Experimentation of ICT in Sabah, Malaysia
A beautiful scene of the Crocker Range just before sunset
Kotohuadan
Thank you
e-buayan – to
replicate success of e-bario, 2
years to deploy, a
lifetime to change …
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