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MANAGEMENT OF URBAN WASTE SERVICES
URBANISATION SCENARIO
INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS-
NGO,CBO INVOLVEMENT
JNNURM AND SWM
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URBANISATION AND JNNURM
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GLOBAL URBAN SCENARIO
The making of cities: natural increase and migration:push and pull Almost 1,80,000 people are added to the urban
population each day Most significant urbanisation in Asia (61% of the total
world population; and share in global urban populationhas risen from 9% in 1920 to 48% in 2000, and 53% by2030)
Africa (12% of global population) Latin America: High urbanisation but stabilising
Urban stagnation and aging populations in Europe,Japan It is estimated that there are almost a billion poor people
in the world, of this over 750 million live in urban areaswithout adequate shelter and basic services
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EMERGING URBAN REALITIES
Rapid Urbanisation, especially in metropolitan areas,beyond the cities carrying capacity, puttingtremendous pressure on infrastructure and services
In an urbanizing world, cities will determine theeconomic future of countries. But cities will also face
the challenge of urbanization of poverty. Globalizing economies will accentuate increasing
competition between cities The demographic and economic pressures will
heighten concerns of equity, environment, quality of
life and sustainability Each city is unique. Therefore both the problems and
solutions should be identified locally
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THE INDIAN URBAN CHALLENGE
India has second largest Urban System in theworld, with 310 million people in 5161 cities &towns
Indian cities contribute 55-60% of GDP
1% households without tap water in premisesand several cities have only 2 4 hours ofsupply
43% households without sanitation
23% live in abject poverty 40 million people live in slums 30% households live in single room tenements Urban Infrastructure severely stressed
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MUNICIPALITIES IN DISARRAY
Demographic shift to urban areasunlikely to slow down
Cost of inadequate infrastructure is
enormousUnable to meet rising demand for
services
Unable to raise resourcesConstrained by old fashioned rules and
procedures
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REASONS FOR POOR SERVICES
Population pressure
Absence of long term planning
Governance Issues Inadequate cost recovery
Precarious financial position of ULBs
Poor operation and maintenance ofassets
Inadequate capacities
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JNNURM
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RATIONALE FOR JNNURM
Challenge lies in bridging theInfrastructure deficit
Creating an environment & statutoryframework for smooth transition
Need a departure from Business as
Usual JNNURM: A response to this challenge
Improving O&M of assets
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MISSION STATEMENT
Reforms driven, fast track, planneddevelopment of identified cities with focus on
efficiency in urban infrastructure/servicesdelivery mechanism, community participationand accountability of ULBs towards citizen
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MISSION STRATEGY
Planned urban perspective frameworks for a period of 20-25years (5 Yr updates) indicating policies and strategies ofmeeting fund requirements
Perspective plan should be based on City Development
Plan (CDP) Cities will be required to prepare DPR
Private Sector Participation in development, managementand financing of Urban infrastructure
Funds will be released to State Nodal agency (TUFIDCO) Funds from State/Central Govt will flow directly to the Nodal
agency as Grant
Revolving fund will be created to meet the O&M cost of the
assets created
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JNNURM: THE CONTEXT
Urban Water Supply, Sanitation and Roads willneed about 28,035 Crores for next 10 years
Urban Transport Infrastructure in cities withpopulation more than 1 Lakh will need 207000Crores for next 20 years
It is estimated that over a seven-year period,Urban Local Bodies would require a totalinvestments of Rs. 1,20,536 crores.
JNNURM plans investment of Rs 50,000 croresover seven years
To be matched by State and local governments
Rest to be raised from Private Sector Participation
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MISSION PERIOD
The duration of the Mission is seven yearsbeginning from 2005-06.
SCOPE OF THE MISSION
Major thrust will be on urban infrastructureprojects relating to Watersupply includingsanitation, sewerage, solid waste
management, road network, urban transportand redevelopment of old city areas with aview to upgrading of existing infrastructure
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OBJECTIVES OF JNNURM
3Bring about urbanisationin a dispersed mannerthrough planneddevelopment of cities
4Provision of servicesfor the urban poor
5Redevelopmentof old cities
2Ensure adequate funds tofulfil deficiencies
1Integrated developmentof infrastructureservices in the cities
6Secure effective linkagesbetween asset creation &asset management to makeinfrastructural services self-sustaining
JNNURM seeks to encourage
reforms and fast track planned
development
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JNNURM CONSTITUENTS
Sub-Mission 1: MoUD:
Governance (reform agenda) and
Infrastructure Issues JNNURM in 63 Mission cities
UIDSSMT in Non-Mission cities (IDSMT)
Sub-Mission 2: MoH&UPA BSUP: Basic Services to the Urban
Poor
IHSDP in Non-Mission cities (VAMBAY)
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JNNURM COMPONENTS
Cities/UAs with 4 million plus population (7),1 million plus
population(28) State Capitals and other Cities(selected cities - 30) All other cities to be covered under UIDSSMT and IHSDP
Investment support from GoI : Rs.50,000 Crore over the Missionperiod for both Sub-Missions, UIDSSMT and IHSDP
JNNURM Components Capacity Building component : Initiatives to be undertaken to build
capacities at the State as well as ULB levels to enhance theirabilities to absorb investment component
Assistance for preparation of City Development Plans (CDPs);
Detailed Project Reports (DPRs) ; Training and Capacity Building;Community Participation ; IEC Activities
(5% of Central grant would be set apart for the above and up to 5% ofCentral grant or actual, whichever is less, to be set apart forAdministrative and other expenses)
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CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN
A perspective
andvision for thefuturedevelopmentof the city
Where do we want
to go?
Whereare we
now?
What
are
priority
needs?
What strategies
are required?
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PREPARATION OF CDP
In depth analysis of existing situation
Development of a perspective and vision ofthe city
Formulating a strategy for bridging the gapbetween where the city and where it wishesto go.
Preparing City Investment Plan (CIP) and afinancial strategy.
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FORMULATING A CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN
Step 1
City Assessment
Future
perspective and
vision
Strategies for
development
City Investment
Plan
Opportunities
Strengths
Risks
Weakness
Unmet
demand/gap
Direction of change
and expectation
Economic Vision
Services Vision
Options and
strategies
Link with
reform agenda
Criteria for
prioritisation
Estimate level of
investment
Financing
options
Step 2 Step 3 Step 4
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THE CDP IS NECESSARY STEP FOR ACCESSING
JNNURM FUNDS
City Development Plan
Detailed Project ReportsTimeline for Implementation
of Reforms
Apply for JNNURM funds
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FUNDING PATTERN
Centre State Grant ULB/
Parastatals/Loanfrom FinancialInstitution
Cities with 4million pluspopulation
35% 15% 50%
Cities with millionplus but lessthan 4 million
population
50% 20% 30%
Cities in NorthEastern Statesand J&K
90% 10% -
Other Cities 80% 10% 10%
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PERMISSIBLE SECTORS
Water Supply (including Desalination andSewerage)
Solid Waste Management Storm Water Drains Urban Transport Parking spaces on PPP basis Development of heritage areas Prevention and rehabilitation of soil erosion
(only in case of Special Category States) Preservation of water bodies
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NON-PERMISSIBLE SECTORS
Power
Telecom
Health Education
Wage Employment & Staff Components
Administration & Procedures
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IMPLEMENTATION DESIGN
MoUD Sub-mission on Urban Infrastructure andGovernance
State level Nodal Agency
State Level Steering committee
Technical Advisory Group Central Sanctioning & Monitoring Committee
National Steering Group
Procedure for sanction of projects
Project proposals to be sanctioned by the CentralSanctioning and Monitoring Committee in MoUD
Funds to be released in four instalments based onthe terms of the sanction and the MoAs to be signed
by ULBs/ Parastatals, state and Ministry.
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FUNCTIONS OF SLNA
Appraisal of projects submitted by ULBs/Parastatal
agencies Obtaining sanction of State Level Steering Committee
for seeking assistance from Central Government underJNNURM
Management of grants received from Central and StateGovernment
Release of funds to ULBs/Parastatal agencies either asgrant, or soft loan or grant cum loan
Management of Revolving Fund Monitoring physical and financial progress of sanctioned
projects
Monitoring implementation of reform as entered into
MoA
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MANDATORY REFORMS AT STATE LEVEL
Implementation of Seventy Fourth ConstitutionAmendment Act
Enactment of public disclosure law
Enactment of community participation law
Assigning or associating elected ULBs with city planningfunction.
Repeal of Urban Land Ceiling and Regulation Act.
Reform of Rent Control Laws balancing the interests of
landlords and tenants. Rationalisation of Stamp Duty to bring it down to no more
than 5% within next five years.
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MANDATORY REFORMS AT ULB LEVEL
Accrual-based double entry system of accounting Introduction of system of e-governance using IT
applications like, GIS and MIS for various servicesprovided by ULBs.
Reform of property tax with GIS, so that it becomesmajor source of revenue
Levy of reasonable user charges (Full recovery of 100%O&M charges) Internal earmarking within local body
budgets for basic services to the urban poor Provision of basic services to urban poor including
security of tenure at affordable prices, improved housing,water supply, sanitation and ensuing delivery of otheralready existing universal services of the Government foreducation, health and social security.
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OPTIONAL REFORMS
Revision of bye-laws to streamline approval process forconstruction of buildings, development of sites etc
Simplification of legal and procedural frameworks for conversion ofagricultural land for non-agricultural purposes
Introduction of Property Title Certification System
Earmarking at least 20-25% of developed land in all housingprojects (both Public and Private Agencies) for EWS/LIG categorywith a system of cross subsidization
Introduction of computerized process of registration of land andproperty
Revision of bye-laws to make rain water harvesting mandatory in allbuildings and adoption of water conservation measures
Bye-laws for reuse of recycled water
Administrative reforms
Structural reforms
Encouraging Public Private Partnership
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MOA FOR REFORMS
Tripartite MOA to be executed by the StateGovernments and Urban Local Bodies with CentralGovernment
Signing of MOA to be a necessary condition toaccess funds under the Mission
MOA would, inter-alia, indicate milestones,commitment, and actions to be taken to implementmandatory and optional reforms at the State & ULBlevel
Note: Any two optional reforms to be implementedeach year by State/ULB/Parastatal
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NATIONAL STEERING GROUP
Minister of Urban Development - Chairman
Minister of UEPA - Co Chairperson
Secretary UEPA - Member Secretary Planning Commission - Member
Secretary Expenditure - Member
National Technical Advisor - Member
Secretary Urban Development - Member -Convener
To steer the mission objectives , a National Steering Committee
was constituted
APPRAISAL AGENCY
Detailed Project Reports will be scrutinised by the technical wing ofthe Urban Development Department
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SANCTION OF PROJECTS
Secretary (UD) Chairman
Secretary (UEPA) Member
Secretary, Ministry of Finance(Department of Expenditure)
Member
Principal Advisor (HUD),PlanningCommission Member
Secretary, Ministry of Environmentand Forest
Member
Joint Secretary &FA, Min of UD Member-Convenor
Chief Planner, TCPO Member
Advisor, CPHEEO Member
CMD,HUDCO Member
Secretary of Information Technology Member
Secretary, Home affairs Member
Central Sanctioning and Monitoring Committee (CS&MC)
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OUTCOMES OF JNNURM REFORM AGENDA
Modern and transparent budgeting, accounting, financialmanagement systems, designed and adopted for all urbanservices and governance functions
City-wide framework for planning and governance will beestablished and become operational
All urban residents will be able to obtain access to a basiclevel of urban services
Financially self-sustaining agencies for urban governanceand service delivery will be established, through reformsto major revenue instruments
Local services and governance will be conducted in amanner that is transparent and accountable to citizens
e-Governance applications will be introduced in corefunctions of ULBs resulting in reduced cost and time of
service delivery processes
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TOOLKIT FOR SWM UNDER JNNURM
Rules and guidelines applicable for the management of MSW
Waste quantification and characterization
Primary elements of municipal solid waste management
Ways to organize solid waste management in city Project financing
Private sector participation in solid waste management
Performance standards in solid waste management Community participation and role of information education and
communication activities in SWM projects
Capacity building in municipal solid waste management
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CRITICISM OF JNNURM
Lack of Peoples Participation in decision making/formulating CDP and CIP, Projects
Mandatory reforms interference in State governmentjurisdiction (anti-74CAA)
Social sectors neglected
Increased Indebtedness of local government
Predominance of Private Sector and Consultants
Infrastructure v/s Poverty (Engineering Solutions)
ULBs reduced to mere implementation of schemesformulated by others
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PROJECT PREPARATION
Project development cycle comprises the following:
(a)Identification of urban infrastructure/ basic services tourban poor projects and their prioritisation.(CDP)
(b) Project scoping.(c) Preparation of a detailed project report.(d) Finalisation of the arrangements for implementation.(e) Sanction of JNNURM assistance.
(f ) Achievement of financial closure.(g) Execution of a Memorandum of understanding (MoA)and other agreements for implementation.
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NGO,CBO IN SWM SECTOR
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INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS OF SWM
Governmental Organisations Central and State Government agencies Non Governmental Organisations NGOs/CBOs
- Concept- Scope- Methods and Applications in SWM
Joint Venture of Community and ULBS Role of rag Pickers Public Awareness
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GOVERNMENT Government refers to the legislators, administrators, and
arbitrators in the administrative bureaucracy who control a stateat a given time, and to the system of government by which they
are organized
The Government of India has three independent branches
namely the executive, the legislature and thejudiciary Based on the distribution of powers between the Central
Government and the State Government there are three lists -
Union list, State list and Concurrent list (powers entertained by
both center and state)
India has adopted parliamentary system of government.
Union list - 97 subjects
Concurrent list -47 subjects
State list -66 subjects
The countr has a federal structure with elected Governments in
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislatorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_(government)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judiciaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureaucracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureaucracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judiciaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_(government)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislators7/29/2019 Jnnurm &Ngo,Cbo- Pgdswm
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GOVERNMENT
Government of India:
The Government of India , officially known as Union Governmentor sometime referred to as Central Government, is the governingauthority of a federal union of 28 states, 6 Union Territories(administered directly by the Central Government) and a national
capital territory (NCT-Delhi). In spite of having a federal structure and a clear division of
powers and an independent judiciary there is a strong biastowards making the Central Government more powerful than thestate governments.
The President of India is the executive head. He has all theconstitutional powers but exercises them only on the advice of thereal executive i.e. the Prime Minister and his council of ministers.
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Government of India:
India is a bicameral parliament consisting of the Lok Sabha(House of the People) and the Rajya Sabha (Council of States).
The members of the Lok Sabha are directly elected by thecitizens of India. (Total Members 545).
Each Lok Sabha is formed for a term of five years after which it isautomatically dissolved and fresh elections are held.
The members of Rajya Sabha are elected indirectly i.e. thelegislatures of the states and union territories elect 238 membersand the President appoints another 12 members who are expertsin fields of science or arts.
The elected members of the Rajya Sabha serve 6-year term, withone-third up for elections every 2 years.
GOVERNMENT - Legislatures
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Administrative set up in India is perfectly planned into different
administrative divisions at central and state level. Theseadministrative units comprises of a nested hierarchy of country subdivisions.
Union Executive:
The Union executive includes the President, the Vice-President, andthe Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister as the head to aidand advice the President.
Cabinet Secretariat:
The Cabinet Secretariat is under the direct charge of the Prime
Minister and the Cabinet Secretary is the administrative head. The Secretariat assists in decision-making in Government by
ensuring Inter-Ministerial coordination, ironing out differencesamongst Ministries/Departments.
Management of major crisis situations in the country and
coordinating activities of various Ministries in such a situation is also
GOVERNMENT- Administrative
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Ministries of the GovernmentThe Government consists of a number of Ministries/Departments, On15 August 1947, the number of Ministries at the Centre was 18.
Ministry of Environment and Forests, Ministry of Urban Development,Central Public Health Environmental Engineering Organisation(CPHEEO)
Public ServicesUnion Public Service Commission (UPSC) recruits officers for themost important three kinds of public services in the country. Indian Administrative Service (IAS) Indian Police Service (IPS)
Indian Forest Service (IFS)These officers are recruited and trained by the Central Government,and then allotted to different State cadres. There are now 24 Statecadres including three Joint cadres, namely,
(i) Assam and Meghalaya,
(ii) Manipur and Tripura, and
GOVERNMENT- Administrative
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Constitutional bodies
Constitutional Bodies in India are formed by the Constitutionwhich helps the Government to run properly. Each of thesepermanent or semi-permanent organizations is responsible forthe administration of specific functions
(Planning Commission, Thirteenth finance Commission etc.,)
GOVERNMENT- Administrative
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The third branch of the government i.e. the judiciary is followed both at
national and state level. The Supreme Court of India at national level.
The High Courts at the state level, and District and Session Courts atthe district level.
The Supreme Court of India has original, appellate and advisoryjurisdiction. Its exclusive original jurisdiction extends to any disputebetween the Government of India and one or more states, or betweenthe Government of India and any state or states on one side and oneor more states on the other, or between two or more states.
The High Court stands at the head of a State's judicial administration.There are 21 High Courts in the country, three having jurisdiction overmore than one state.
The Union Territories come under the jurisdiction of different State HighCourts. Each High Court comprises a Chief Justice and such other
Judges as the President may, from time to time, appoint.
GOVERNMENT- Judiciary
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Government of Tamilnadu
State government is headed by a Governor. He enjoys nominalpowers. The real power is enjoyed by the Chief Minister who isassisted by a council of ministers
Normally every state assembly consisting of the Assembly andCouncil. (TamilNadu does not have any Legislative council)
The members of the Legislative Assembly are directly elected by thecitizens of TamilNadu. (Total Members 234).
Each Legislative Assembly is formed term of five years after which it isautomatically dissolved and fresh elections are held.
State government's legislature is bicameral in 6 states andunbicameral in the rest. Lower house is elected with 5 years term,while upper house if exists 1/3 of the members elected every 2 yearswith 6 year term
Cabinet size can be maximum of 15% the number of legislators in
lower house Judiciar has Hi h Court which has urisdiction of the whole state
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Departments
Agriculture
Chief Electoral OfficeCooperativeCommercial TaxesEmploymentEnvironmentFire and Rescue ServicesForestsForensic SciencesGeology and MiningGovernment ExaminationsHandloom, Handicrafts, Textiles andKhadiHealth and Family Welfare
HighwaysMunicipal Administration & WaterSupplyPensionPolicePrisonRegistrationTechnical Education
Organisations
AIDS Control Society
Chennai Metro Water Supply & Sewerage BoardChennai Metropolitan Development Authority (CMDA)
Chennai Museum
Electricity Licencing Board (TNELB)
Electricity Regulatory Commission
Industrial & Technological Consultancy Organisation of
TN (ITCOT)
Khadi and Village Industries BoardNational Informatics Centre- TN Unit
Non-formal and Adult Education- State Resource Centre
(SRC)
Regional Passport Office
Slum Clearance Board
Sports Development Authority
State Institute of Rural DevelopmentState Transport Authority
Tamil Nadu State Aids Control Society (TNSACS)
Tamil Nadu State Council for Science and Technology
Tamil Nadu State Hajj Committee
Tamil Nadu Uniformed Services Recruitment Board
Teachers Recruitment Board
TWAD Board - Rain Water Harvesting
Tamil Nadu Rural Bazar
GOVERNMENT - Organisations
State Planning Commission, Third State Finance Commission are some of the constitutional bodies
http://www.agri.tn.gov.in/http://www.tn.gov.in/elections/Default.htmhttp://www.tncu.tn.gov.in/http://www.tnsalestax.com/http://www.employment.tn.gov.in/http://www.environment.tn.nic.in/http://www.tnfrs.tn.nic.in/http://www.forests.tn.nic.in/http://www.tn.gov.in/tamilforensic/http://www.tnmine.tn.nic.in/http://www.tn.gov.in/dge/http://www.tn.gov.in/hhtk/http://www.tn.gov.in/hhtk/http://www.tnhealth.org/http://www.tnhighways.org/http://www.tn.gov.in/maws/http://www.tn.gov.in/maws/http://www.tn.gov.in/dop/default.htmhttp://www.tn.gov.in/police/http://www.prisons.tn.nic.in/http://www.tnreginet.net/http://www.tndte.com/http://tnaids.tn.nic.in/http://www.chennaimetrowater.com/http://www.cmdachennai.org/http://www.chennaimuseum.org/http://www.tnelb.gov.in/http://tnerc.tn.nic.in/http://www.itcot.com/http://www.itcot.com/http://www.khadikraft.com/http://www.tn.nic.in/http://www.src-chennai.com/http://www.src-chennai.com/http://passport.tn.nic.in/http://www.gotn-tnscb.org.in/http://www.sportsinfotn.com/http://www.sird.tn.nic.in/http://www.tn.gov.in/sta/http://tnaids.tn.nic.in/http://www.tanscst.org/http://hajjtamilnadu.org/index.htmhttp://www.tn.gov.in/tnusrb/http://trb.tn.nic.in/http://www.aboutrainwaterharvesting.com/http://www.ruralbazar.tn.gov.in/http://www.ruralbazar.tn.gov.in/http://www.tndte.com/http://www.ruralbazar.tn.gov.in/http://www.ruralbazar.tn.gov.in/http://www.ruralbazar.tn.gov.in/http://www.aboutrainwaterharvesting.com/http://www.aboutrainwaterharvesting.com/http://www.aboutrainwaterharvesting.com/http://www.aboutrainwaterharvesting.com/http://trb.tn.nic.in/http://www.tn.gov.in/tnusrb/http://hajjtamilnadu.org/index.htmhttp://www.tanscst.org/http://tnaids.tn.nic.in/http://www.tn.gov.in/sta/http://www.sird.tn.nic.in/http://www.sportsinfotn.com/http://www.gotn-tnscb.org.in/http://passport.tn.nic.in/http://www.src-chennai.com/http://www.src-chennai.com/http://www.src-chennai.com/http://www.src-chennai.com/http://www.src-chennai.com/http://www.src-chennai.com/http://www.src-chennai.com/http://www.tn.nic.in/http://www.tn.nic.in/http://www.tn.nic.in/http://www.tn.nic.in/http://www.khadikraft.com/http://www.itcot.com/http://www.itcot.com/http://tnerc.tn.nic.in/http://www.tnelb.gov.in/http://www.chennaimuseum.org/http://www.cmdachennai.org/http://www.chennaimetrowater.com/http://tnaids.tn.nic.in/http://www.tndte.com/http://www.tnreginet.net/http://www.prisons.tn.nic.in/http://www.tn.gov.in/police/http://www.tn.gov.in/dop/default.htmhttp://www.tn.gov.in/maws/http://www.tn.gov.in/maws/http://www.tnhighways.org/http://www.tnhealth.org/http://www.tn.gov.in/hhtk/http://www.tn.gov.in/hhtk/http://www.tn.gov.in/dge/http://www.tnmine.tn.nic.in/http://www.tn.gov.in/tamilforensic/http://www.forests.tn.nic.in/http://www.tnfrs.tn.nic.in/http://www.environment.tn.nic.in/http://www.employment.tn.gov.in/http://www.tnsalestax.com/http://www.tncu.tn.gov.in/http://www.tn.gov.in/elections/Default.htmhttp://www.agri.tn.gov.in/7/29/2019 Jnnurm &Ngo,Cbo- Pgdswm
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NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS A Non-governmental organization (NGO) is a legally constituted
organization created that operates independently from any
government. The term originated from the United Nations (UN) in
1945 with provisions in Article 71 ofChapter 10 of the United Nations
Charter for a consultative role for organizations which are neithergovernments nor member states.
Used to refer to organizations that do not form part of the
government and are not conventional for-profit business
In the cases in which NGOs are funded totally or partially by
governments, the NGO maintains its non-governmental status by
excluding government representatives from membership in the
organization
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The UN introduced the term "NGO" to distinguish between theparticipation of international private organizations andintergovernmental specialized agencies. According to the UN, allkinds of private organizations that are independent fromgovernment control can be recognized as "NGOs.
NGOs also need to be non-criminal and non-profit An NGO as "an independent voluntary association of people
acting together on a continuous basis for some common purposeother than achieving government office, making money or illegalactivities.
Two main types of NGOs are recognized according to theactivities they pursue:
- Operational NGOs
- Campaigning NGOs.
NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS
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OPERATIONAL NGO
Operational NGOs seek to "achieve small scale change directly through
projects.
They mobilize financial resources, materials and volunteers to createlocalized programs in the field.
They hold large scale fundraising events, apply to governments andorganizations for grants and contracts in order to raise money forprojects
They operate in a hierarchical structure; with a main headquartersstaffed by professionals who plan projects, create budgets, keepaccounts, report, and communicate with operational fieldworkers whowork directly on projects
They deal with a wide range of issues, but are most often associatedwith the delivery of services and welfare, emergency relief andenvironmental issues. (Categorized into relief-oriented versusdevelopment-oriented)
They can be community-based, national or international. The definingactivity of operational NGOs is implementing projects
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NGO type can be understood by orientation and level ofco-operation.
NGO type by orientationCharitable orientation;
Service orientation;ParticipatoryEmpowering orientation;
NGO type by level of co-operationCommunity- Based Organization;City Wide Organization;National NGOs;International NGOs
NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS
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COMPAIGNING NGO ADVOCACY NGO Campaigning NGOs need an efficient and effective group of
professional members who are able to keep supporters informed,and motivated.
They must plan and host demonstrations and events that will keeptheir cause in the media.
The Campaigning NGOs seek to "achieve large scale change
promoted indirectly through influence of the political system.
They must maintain a large informed network of supporters who canbe mobilized for events to garner media attention and influencepolicy changes. The defining activity of campaigning NGOs is holdingdemonstrations.
Campaigning NGOs often deal with issues relating to human rights,women's rights, children's rights.
The primary purpose is to defend or promote a specific cause. Asopposed to operational project management, these organizations
typically try to raise awareness, acceptance and knowledge by
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COMMUNITY BASED ORGANISATIONS
Community based organizations (CBO's) are nonprofit groupsthat work at a local level to improve life for residents that operatewithin a single local community. The focus is to build equalityacross society in all streams - health care, environment, quality ofeducation, access to technology, access to spaces andinformation for the disabled
CBO's are typically, and almost necessarily, staffed by localmembers - community members who experience first hand theneeds within their neighborhoods. Besides being connected
geographically, the only link between staff members and theirinterests is often the desire and willingness to help
These "bottom-up" organizations are more effective addressinglocal needs than larger charitable organizations
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NGO ON ENVIRONMENT ASPECT
International NGO" (INGO) is first given inresolution 288 (X) of ECOSOC on February 27,1950: it is defined as "any internationalorganization that is not founded by aninternational treaty". The vital role of NGOs andother "major groups" in sustainabledevelopment was recognized in Chapter 27 ofAgenda 21, leading to intense arrangements fora consultative relationship between the UnitedNations and non-governmental organizations.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agenda_21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agenda_21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agenda_21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agenda_21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_development7/29/2019 Jnnurm &Ngo,Cbo- Pgdswm
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MILLINEUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
Goal 1:- Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger Target 1:- Halve proportion of people income less than $1 a day during 1990-2015
Target 2:- Halve between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger
Goal 2:- Achieve Universal Primary Education Target 3:- Ensure that by 2015,children will be able to complete full course of primary schooling
Goal 3:- Promote gender equality and empower women Target 4:- Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education by 2005 and all levels
of
education by 2015
Goal 4:- Reduce Infant Mortality Target 5:- Reduce by 2/3 between 1990 and 2015, the under five mortality rate
Goal 5:- Improve maternal Health Target 6:- Reduce by 3/4 between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio
Goal 6:- Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases Target 7:- Have halved by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS
Target 8:- Have halved by 2015 and began to reverse the incidence of Malaria &other major
diseases
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MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
Goal 7:- Ensure Environmental sustainability
Target 9 :- Reverse loss of environmental resources
Target 10:- Halve proportion people without safe drinking water by 2015
Target 11:- Improve lives of 100 Million slum dwellers
Goal 8:- Develop a Global partnership for development
Target 12-18 :- Develop further an open, rule based, predictable, nondiscriminatory
trading and financial system (includes a commitment to good
governance, development and poverty reduction etc.,
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POVERTY ALLEVIATION PROGRAMMES The National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme
(NREGS): Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana(SGSY): (restructuring of the Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP)
Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana(SJSRJ):
- provide gainful employment to the urban unemployed andunderemployed poor, by encouraging the setting up of self-employment ventures and also by providing wage employment byutilizing their labour for creation of useful public assets.
i) The Urban Self-Employment Programme (USEP).
ii) The Urban Women Self-help Programme (UWSP) whichtargets urban poor women self-help groups.
iii) Skill Training for Employment Promotion
iv) The Urban Wage Employment Programme (UWEP).
v) The Urban Community Development Network (UCDN).
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POVERTY ALLEVIATION PROGRAMMES
Swarna Jayanti Shahari RozgarYojana(SJSRJ)Under SJSRY, the Community Based Organisations include
- Neighbourhood Groups (NHGs),
RCVs
- Neighbourhood Committees(NHCs)
(Association of women from NHGs in same ward)
- Community Development Society (CDS)
- (Association of all NHCs at town level
Basic Services for Urban Poor(BSUP)
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KUDUMSHREE CBO in Kerala
Innovative poverty reduction initiative with communityparticipation
Partnership of the State Government, Central Government, LocalGovernment, the national Bank for Agriculture and Rural
Development(NABARD) and community A three tier CBO to implement urban Based services, Urban basic
Services for the Poor programmes
- Neighbourhood Group (NHG)
- Area Development Society (ADS)
- Community Development Society (CDS)
Supported by UNICEF
(Prosperity of the family)
ActivitiesHR DevelopmentCommunity HealthSolid Waste managementEducation
BalasabhaMicro financeDestitute rehabilitation-AshrayaBhavanashree- housing schemeLease land farming
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KUDUMSHREE in Solid Waste Management
Initiated innovated enterprises Clean Kerala Business Women from the poor families become members are engaged for
door to door collection of MSW and transportation to the transitpoints
Solid Waste Collection enterprises is highly beneficial- as ameans of livelyhood to the urban poor and finally solveenvironmental problems
For Collection of waste from a household they charge Rs.30/-month
Every women member earning around Rs.6000/- per month
121 Kudumbashree solid waste management groups in operationin 18 ULBs of Kerala state
Fill up the existing gap of solid waste collection and segregation
without any additional financial burden
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SEWA - CBO in Gujarat
Country's first co-operative of ragpickers founded by the
Self-Employed Women's Association (SEWA)
The co-operative, popularly known as Saundarya SafaiMandli (SSM), felicitated its founder and president ofGujarat state women's Sewa co-operative federation, Lalita
Krishnaswami. They also identified their problems andsought to find suitable and durable solutions
Shri Mahila Sewa Sahakari Bank - SEWA Bank, a separatebank of poor self-employed women workers was established
at the initiative of 4,000 self-employed women workers inthe year 1974. The bank is owned by the self-employedwomen and policies are made by their own elected board.Today it has 51,000 depositors and working capital of Rs.10crores.
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SEWA - GUJARAT
The Self-Employed Women's Association (SEWA) was born
in December 1971, and after a long-drawn official battleSEWA was registered as a trade union in April 1972.
The SEWA Bank was established in 1974 as a separatebank of the poor, self-employed women workers at the
initiative of 4,000 self-employed women workers. Theseself-employed women workers included ragpickers,hawkers, vendors and home-based workers
Under Slum Networking programme in Ahmedabad, SEWA
workers engaged in collection of solid waste from thehouseholds
SEWA workers engaged in recycling business in Gujarat
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EXNORA- TAMILNADU Exnora International is a non-governmental environmental
service organization started in 1989 in Chennai, Tamil Nadu,
It focuses on preserving nature and preventing environmentaldegradation.
The name Exnora is derived from excellent, novel and radicalideas in solving environmental problems by involving those who
caused the problem-community.Activities
The organization provides street cleaning services through about17,000 street beautifiers.
The street cleaning service includes collection of garbage athomes, sorting at pickup, composting organic waste, andgenerating income for the "street beautifiers" through the sale ofrecyclables.
Environmental Training Institute conducts training programmesfor school teachers on biodiversity, climate change, and solid,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_clubhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_Naduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_degradationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_degradationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_changehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_changehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_degradationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_degradationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_Naduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_club7/29/2019 Jnnurm &Ngo,Cbo- Pgdswm
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EXNORA- TAMILNADU
ExNoRa INTERNATIONAL (N G O) is aVoluntary Non-governmental, Non-political, Non-profit 'GLOBAL HEADENVIRONMENTAL SERVICEORGANIZATION'.
'EXNORA INNOVATORS CLUB' (NGO'sBranch) are situated in various towns andvillages.
Community based organizations the'CIVIC EXNORA' (CBO) are located in
different Streets and Areas. The service at the grass root level is
carried out by a miniature 'Home BasedOrganization', the home grass rootchapters 'HOME EXNORA' (HBO) atdwellings (House, flat etc,)
Clean Beach
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EXNORA GREEN PAMMAL- TAMILNADU
A
Joint Venture
with
NGO & Public
by
ULB
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SUSTAINABLE SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT INPAMMAL MUNICIPALITY
EXNORA GREEN PAMMAL (EGP)- TAMILNADU
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About EGP
A Non-Governmental Voluntary OrganizationEstablished in 1994
It is registered under the SocietiesRegistration Act 1860 and donations to theCentre are exempt from income-tax under
section 80G of the Income Tax Act.
M t EGP
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Manpower at EGPStaffs
1. Administration (2)2. Accounts (2)3. Programme Managers (6)4. Field managers (10)5. Supervisors (20)6. Extension (4)
7. Security (4)8. Gardner's (3)9. Field workers (626)
Research Partners : MCRC, Anna University
External support and advisors(3) (HR,Audit & legal)
International partners (EWB, Australia) (1)
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Exnora Green Pammal is service provider to
Pammal Municipality
EGP Focus Areas
1. Energy2. Environment
3. Bioresources and Biodiversity
4. Empowering of Women
5.Livelihood Promotion
Primary Collection
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y
Secondary Collection
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y
Example of Primary and SecondaryCollection in Pammal Municipality
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Collection in Pammal Municipality
Ward No 3
No of Streets 36
No of Workers (with cycle rickshaw) 5
Truck Driver 1
Cleaner 1
Secondary Collection points 2
Action Plan of Primary andS d C ll ti i P l
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Secondary Collection in PammalMunicipality
Anna Salai Main Road
Meeting Point : Water Tank
Starting pointOom parasakthi St.
Kanagi st.
Barathithasan st.
Sivaji St.Balaji st
T.R. Mani st.
Nethaji St.Ending Point
Periyar St.
Secondary Collection Point
Starting pointAnnipesent St.
Anantha Raman St
NSK st
Kulothunken st
Sunderavadivalu st
Pallavan st. Ending Point
Chearan st.
Starting pointCheethalai Chathanar St.
Suriamman Kovil st.
Kasthuri Bai St.
Kanchi Munusami st
Thiruvaluvar st
Arumugam st
Aravinder st. Ending poi
Route Map
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p
Secondary Collection points
Green Ambassadors Meeting point
Vermi Compost Canter
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p
VISVESAPURAM SHED PAMMAL MUNICIPALITY
Vermi Compost Centre
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pPre Curing the Organic waste Vermi Compost Process
Various Stage in Manual Production ExOrCo Product
Plastic Segeregation
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g g
Plastic shredders and products made out
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of waste plastic
Plastic recycling
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Plastic recycling
Energy
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Energy
1.Solid Waste into Biogas For PowerGeneration
2.Biomass Charcoal Briquettes for alternative
fuel
WASTE TO ENERGY
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Biogas to Power Generation
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EGP -Methodology
Collection of food, slaughter &
municipal solid wastesGrinding of waste
Anaerobic digester (25m3 )
Producer gas CH4, CO2
For lightning For cooking
Organic manure for
agriculture
Collection of different solid,
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domestic wastes
Overview of Biogas reactors
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Overview of Biogas reactors
Domestic waste feeding, Anaerobic pre-digester
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digester,Bio-reactor and digested slurry
Biogas engine, Scrubber and Gascollector
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collector
Individual Bio Gas
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WASTE to ENERGY
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Methane for LightningMethane for Cooking
Conclusion
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Conclusion
1. The plant, with its capacity of 250kgs of organic
waste per day, is expected to produce 25cum of
biogas per day.
2. The generator has a capacity of 5kW per day.
3. In practical terms, it should be possible to run up
to 50 street lights for approximately 6 hours per
day.
4. Additionally, some extra gas will be available to
use for cooking purposes.
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ry ng- sun ry ng
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Sorting out
Fabrication of kilns
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A portable cylindrical structure with the top cut out to place thechimney. The drum size is about 100 cm height and 150 cm width
made
Carbonization process
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Char collection process
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Binder preparation & mixing
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Starch boilingCarbonized char
Binder mixin with Carbonized char
Briquetting Machines
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Briquette type: Cylindrical
Production : 12kg/hr
Briquette type: Cylindrical
Production : 5 kg/hr
Briquettes production Through Machine
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Briquettes
Charcoal pouring Briquettes outlet
Briquettes drying
Dried briquettes
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q
Charcoal briquettes
1. Long cooking time
2. High-end product
3. High calorific value
4. Consistent quality
5. Very long burn
6. Made with natural components
Value added product on Sambirani(I ) ll t
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(Incense ) pellets
Table showing the particulars of theSWM acti ities in Pammal
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SWM activities in Pammal
Population Covered 100,000
Average Total Waste (Kg/per day) 25,110Bio degradable (Kg/per day) 12,500
Average Recyclables (Kg/per day) 1,200
Average Compost Produced (Kg/per day) 1200
Average Dry leaves Converted into Briquettes(Kg/per day)
1,000
Average Food Waste used for producing Bio gas(Kg/per day)
250
Average waste dumped (Kg/per day) 6660
Average waste diverted (Kg/per day) 18450
% of total waste not land filled 70%
Per capita waste (Kg/per day) 0.25%
Total Corbon emission reduced
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Bio Gas : 96 tons
Other Recyclable : 5182 tons
KULITHALAI MODEL
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KULITHALAI MODEL
SUSTAINABLE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT an effort by Kulithalai Municipality
ProfileKULITHALAI MODEL
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Extent : 11.61 sq kmPopulation : 26161
No of Households :6950No of wards : 24Total Qty of MSW : 9 MTSanitary workers : 70
KULITHALAI MODEL
MUNICIPALITY OR PEOPLE TO BLAME?
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SMALL INITIATIVES.
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BRIEFING THE PLAN TO THE COUNCILLORS AND
SANITARY STAFF
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LAUNCHING OF THE SUSTAINABLE SWM PROGRAMME
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SWM INFORMATION CARD
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LINK VOLUNTEERS
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ROUTE MAP WITH PARTICIPATORYAPPROACH
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BEHAVIOURIAL CHANGE!!!
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GREEN SQUAD
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AWARENESS TO THE RESIDENTS
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AWARENESS TO SCHOOL STUDENTS
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AWARENESS TO SCHOOL STUDENTS
PLEDGE BY THE RESPONSIBLE CITIZENS
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PRE-PROCESSING WITH SPRAYING OF BIOINOCULUMS
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WINDROW COMPOSTING
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VERMICOMPOSTINGTANK, HEAP & BRICK
METHOD
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WASTE IS WEALTH!!!
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SEGREGATION.SALE OF RECYCLABLES
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SEGREGATION SALE OF
RECYCLABLES
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SEGREGATION SALE OF
RECYCLABLES
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INNOVATIVE GIMMICKS
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HAND IN HAND- TAMILNADU
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Hand in Hand - in the year 2002 with an initial focus on child labourelimination, education, and the empowerment of women.
The organisation has been in operation since 1988, initially workingin Kancheepuram District in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu
Hand in Hand is currently involved in implementing an IntegratedCommunity Development Project for poverty reduction with five
interconnected and interdependent sectors: Child labour elimination and education with 70 transit schools
Self Help Groups and Microfinance for enterprise and job creation.By June 2008, 310,428 poor women have been organized andtrained.
Citizens Centres to strengthen democracy on a grassroots level.1022 centres with libraries and IT facilities are up and running
Medical camps and awareness campaigns to improve health levels.Programs include medical camps, facilitation of household latrines.
Environmental protection via solid waste management include
SUKUKI EXNORA INTERNTIONAL -ANDRAPRADESH
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Sukuki Exnora is a Hyderabad based NGO associated with SolidWaste Management Activity since 1998.
Promoting the idea of Decentralized Zero Waste Managementincluding methods of composting and recycling.
Implemented projects of Zero Waste Management at BHEL,AMR-APARD(Andhra Pradesh Academy of Rural Development),
GHM (Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation). They have been invited to make presentations at ASCI
(Administrative Staff College of India), ESCI(Engineering StaffCollege of India), IIIT(Indian Institute of Information Technology),APNGC(Andhra Pradesh National Green Corps), GHMC and anumber of corporate entities.
Organizing events Clean Indiaand Green LeafAwardssince2007 with the objective of promoting efficient methods of SolidWaste Management.
SWM IN OTHER CITIESBh id i S h D lhi
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Bhagidari Scheme- Delhi
The Delhi Government instituted the Bhagidari Scheme for
ensuring close cooperation of the Residents WelfareAssociation (RWAs), civic agencies and the governmentfrom January 1, 2004..
The Municipal Commissioner of Delhi announced a system
by which segregated garbage from homes would betransported to municipal bins
Bangalore Agenda Task Force (BATF)- Bangalore
SWM has been outsourced to private agencies who provide
the infrastructure right from workers, their uniforms andcaps, bins, trolleys and vehicles. The Workers have beengiven strict instructions not to collect the waste fromhouseholds if it is not segregated. Their areas of
responsibility are clearly demarcated along with their
SWM IN OTHER CITIESI di id l ff rt M h r htr
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Individual effort - Maharashtra
A 39 year old bank cashier, Ms. Asha Shivajirao Bhise, left her job
and took up vermi-composting in a big way during 2004 with aninvestment of Rs. 15 lakhs and harvested 20 tonnes of compost in 40days, which was picked up by farmers within days.
Mumbai Initiative
Clean Mumbai Foundation has taken up solid waste managementwith the help of corporate sector. A Ward comprising (Cuffe Parade,
Nariman Point, Strand / Colaba, Museum, Paltan Road Bora Bazar,Ballard Estate and Churchgate / Marine Drive) has been selectedand collection system has been organised and the wet garbage istaken to selected sites in parks that would have composting pits.
As there are high rise residential buildings without any space forgarbage disposal, the residents provided funds for makingrectangular brick tanks around trees on the lane pavements. Wetkitchen waste deposited and covered.The waste turns into compostby the aerobic process and provides essential manure to the trees.
RAG PICKERS
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Dumpyard in Guwahati
Delhi dumpsite
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Ghazipur dump yard
Ragpicker on the Yamuna River
RAG PICKERS- RECYCLERS
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A man removes metal from circuit boards in a workshop
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Rag picker , a person who collects reusable or recyclable materialsthrown away by others to sell or for personal consumption
About 300,000 ragpickers in Delhi and 3,00,000 in Mumbai of whicharound 1,20,000 are under the age of 13 , the base of a largerecycling pyramid, handling between 9 to 15 % of the MSWgenerated
There are a range of material which are picked up and recycled bythis sector. (plastics, paper, glass, and metals)
For every hundred residents of Delhi, there is one personengaged in recycling.
Ragpickers mostly live either in slums (usually the shop of a kabari),
on footpaths or inside dustbins. Their access to basic amenities arepoor, and few essential services are provided for them
The informal sector has an important role because it is able toundertake recycling of most recyclable materials, which themunicipality cannot.
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The countrys rag pickers have expressed absolutehappiness in
having found mention in a rule notified by the Ministry ofEnvironment and Forests (MoEF), the first time they have beenrecognised under Plastic Waste (M&H) Rules,2011
There are an estimated 15 lakh men and women who are livingthrough garbage and landfill sites looking for material they can
sell to small, unorganised scrap dealers who then recycle them.
As they are unorganised, their main complaint is that authoritiesoften bar them from landfill sites and garbage collection areas,which for them means a loss of income and livelihood.
The ragpickers associations from 17 cities across India have nowformed an alliance in Pune.
About 200 ragpickers from the Alliance of Indian Waste pickers(AIW) gathered near Ahmedabad for the first national conference
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