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Lewin's Leadership Styles
By Kendra Cherry, About.com Guide
See More About: leadership styles
kurt lewin
authoritative leadership
delaative leadership
democratic leadership
!n "#$#, a roup o% researchers led by psycholoistKurt &ewinset out to identi%y di%%erent
styles o% leadership. 'hile %urther research has identi%ied more speci%ic types o% leadership,this early study was very in%luential and established three ma(or leadership styles. !n the
study, schoolchildren were assined to one o% three roups with an authoritarian, democratic
or laisse)*%air leader. +he children were then led in an arts and cra%ts pro(ect while
researchers observed the behavior o% children in response to the di%%erent styles o% leadership.
Authoritarian Leadership (Autocratic)
Authoritarian leaders, also known asautocratic leaders, provide clear epectations %or what
needs to be done, when it should be done, and how it should be done. +here is also a clear
division between the leader and the %ollowers. Authoritarian leaders make decisions
independently with little or no input %rom the rest o% the roup.
-esearchers %ound that decision*makin was less creative under authoritarian leadership.
&ewin also %ound that it is more di%%icult to move %rom an authoritarian style to a democratic
style than vice versa. Abuse o% this style is usually viewed as controllin, bossy, and
dictatorial.
Authoritarian leadership is best applied to situations where there is little time %or roup
decision*makin or where the leader is the most knowledeable member o% the roup.
Participative Leadership (Democratic)
&ewins study %ound that participative leadership, also known as democratic leadership, is
enerally the most e%%ective leadership style. /emocratic leaders o%%er uidance to roup
members, but they also participate in the roup and allow input %rom other roup members.
!n &ewins study, children in this roup were less productive than the members o% the
authoritarian roup, but their contributions were o% a much hiher 0uality.
1articipative leaders encourae roup members to participate, but retain the %inal say over the
decision*makin process. Group members %eel enaed in the process and are more
motivated and creative.
Delegative (Laissez-Faire) Leadership
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-esearchers %ound that children under deleative leadership, also known as laisse)*%air
leadership,were the least productive o% all three roups. +he children in this roup also made
more demands on the leader, showed little cooperation and were unable to work
independently.
/eleative leaders o%%er little or no uidance to roup members and leave decision*makin upto roup members. 'hile this style can be e%%ective in situations where roup members are
hihly 0uali%ied in an area o% epertise, it o%ten leads to poorly de%ined roles and a lack o%
motivation.
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