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IKATAN KIMIA

Ikatan Kimia kelas X Semester Ganjil

Materi LatihanKompetensi Lihat SPU Referensi

Bandingkan Mana Yang Lebih Stabil ?

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X

SMAN 3 SEMARANG

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CHEMICAL BOND

Basic of CompetenceDescribe possibility of chemical bond occurs by using periodictable

Indicators:Explain the tendency of element to reach its stability by binding with

another elementsDescribe composition of noble gas’ valence electron (duplet and

octet)and lewis stctureExplain the occurance process of ionic and covalent bond and compound

specimenexplore polarity of several compoundand its association electronegativity

through experimentExplain formation process of coordination bond in several simplcompound

specimentsExplain formation process of metallic bond and its association with metal

physical properties

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Configuration  Ionic Bond Covalent BondMetallic bond  SPU

Noble gas electron configuration is fullconfiguration and most stable with amount valenceelectron 8 (oktet) except He has valence electron2(duplet). 

2 8 8 

2 8

2

18Ar

10Ne

2He

Noble GasConfiguration

Configuration Stability of Noble Gas

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MateriMateri

Kulit n=1 n=2 n=3 n=4 n=5 n=6

He 2

Ne 2 8

Ar 2 8 8

Kr 2 8 18 8Xe 2 8 18 18 8

Rn 2 8 18 32 18 8

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Configuration  Ionic Bond Covalent Bond Metallic Bond  SPU

Others atom tend to stable as nearestnoble gas.

2 8 8 

2 8

2

18Ar

10Ne

2He

Noble GasConfiguration Stability of Noble Gas Configuration

IKATAN KIMIA

MateriMateri

Kulit n=1 n=2 n=3 n=4 n=5 n=6

He 2

Ne 2 8

Ar 2 8 8

Kr 2 8 18 8Xe 2 8 18 18 8

Rn 2 8 18 32 18 8

Others element atom can reach their stabilitybecome oktet or duplet by 2 ways:1. Electron transfer (Ionic bond)2. Sharing a pair of electron(covalent bond)

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The Way to reach Atom’s Stability 

2 8 8 

2 8

2

18Ar

10Ne

2He

Noble gasconfiguration

Atom 3Li is near with? He Ne Ar Kr Xe Rn

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Konfigurasi Ikatan ion Ik. Kovalen Ik. Logam

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3Li configuration : 2 1 In order to Li atomic is stable like

noble gas, Li tends to  /  electron

The way to reach Atom’s Stability 

2 8 8 

2 8

2

18Ar

10Ne

2He

Noble gasconfiguration

3Li atomic is near with? He Ne Ar Kr Xe Rn

gain give

IKATAN KIMIA

Configuration  Ionic Bond Covalent Bond Metallic Bond 

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3Li configuration: 2 1 In order to Li atomic can stable is like

noble gas tend to or electron

The way to reach atom’s stability 

2 8 8 

2 8

2

18Ar

10Ne

2He

Noble gasconfiguration

3Li atomic is near with He Ne Ar Kr Xe Rn

gain give

How many electrons that is given?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

IKATAN KIMIA

Configuration  Ionic Bond Covalent Bond Metallic Bond 

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3Li configuration: 2 1 In order to Li atomic is stable likenoble gas tend to or electron 

The Way to reach atom’s stability 

2 8 8 

2 8

2

18Ar

10Ne

2He

Noble gasConfiguration

3Li atomic is near with? He Ne Ar Kr Xe Rn

Gain Give

How many electron is given?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Li gives 1 electron form Li

+

that is stable

Li

2 1

Li+ (stable)

+2

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Configuration  Ionic Bond Covalent Bond Metallic Bond 

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The way to write atom’s stability 

2 8 8 

2 8

2

18Ar

10Ne

2He

Noble gasconfiguration

17Cl atom is near with?

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Configuration  Ionic bond Covalent bondMetallic bond 

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configuration of 17Cl : 2 8 7 in order Cl is stable like noblegas, Cl tends to  /  electron

The way to reach atom’s stability 

2 8 8 

2 8

2

18Ar

10Ne

2He

Noble gasconfiguration

He Ne Ar Kr Xe Rn

Gain Give

17Cl atom is near with?

IKATAN KIMIA

Configuration  Ionic Bond Covalent Bond Metallic Bond 

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The way to reach atom’s stability 

2 8 8 

2 8

2

18Ar

10Ne

2He

Noble gasconfiguration

How many electron that can be received?

Configuration 17Cl : 2 8 7 In order to Cl atomic can stable islike noble gas, Cl tends to / electron

He Ne Ar Kr Xe Rn

Gain Give

17Cl atom is near with?

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Configuration  Ionic Bond Covalent bondMetallic Bond 

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The way to reach atom’s stability 

2 8 8 

2 8

2

18Ar

10Ne

2He

Noble gasconfiguration

Cl receive 1 elektron to form Cl- that is stable

How many electron can be received?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Configuration of 17Cl : 2 8 7 In order to Cl atomic can stableis like Noble gas, Cl tends to / electron

He Ne Ar Kr Xe Rn

Gain Give

17Cl atom is near with?

2 8 8 

Cl- (stable)17Cl

2 8 7 

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Configuration  Ionic Bond Covalent Metallic Bond 

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2 8 8 

2 8

2

18Ar

10Ne

2He

Noble gasconfiguration The way to reach atom’s stability 

20Ca atomic is near with?

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Configuration  Ionic Bond Covalent Bond Metallic Bond 

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Configuration of 20Ca: 2 8 8 2 In order Ca atom can stable islike noble gas, Ca tends to   / electron

2 8 8 

2 8

2

18Ar

10Ne

2He

Konfigurasigas mulia The way to reach atom’s stability 

20Ca atomic is near with? He Ne Ar Kr Xe Rn

Gain Give

IKATAN KIMIA

Configuration  Ionic Bond Covalent Bond Metallic Bond 

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Configuration of 20Ca: 2 8 8 2 In order to Ca can stable is likenoble gas, Ca tends to / electron

2 8 8 

2 8

2

18Ar

10Ne

2He

Noble gasconfiguration THE WAY TO REACH ATOM’S STABILITY 

20Ca atomic is near with? He Ne Ar Kr Xe Rn

Gain Give

How many electron that is given?

IKATAN KIMIA

Configuration  Ionic Bond Covalent Bond Metallic Bond 

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2 8 8 

2 8

2

18Ar

10Ne

2He

Noble gasconfiguration

20Ca

2 8 8 2 8 8  2 +

Ca2+ (stable)

THE WAY TO REACH ATOM’S STABILITY 20Ca atomic is near with? He Ne Ar Kr Xe Rn

Gain Give

How many electron that is given?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Ca gives 2 electrons to form Ca2+ that is stable

Configuration of 20Ca: 2 8 8 2 In order to Ca can stable is likenoble gas, Ca tends to / elektron

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Configuration  Ionic Bond Covalent Bond Metallic Bond 

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He Ne Ar Kr Xe Rn

2 8 8 

2 8

2

18Ar

10Ne

2He

Noble gasconfiguration THE WAY TO REACH ATOM’S STABILITY 

8O atomic is near with?

IKATAN KIMIA

Configuration  Ionic bond Covalent bondMetallic bond 

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2 8 8 

2 8

2

18Ar

10Ne

2He

Noble gasconfiguration THE WAY TO REACH ATOM’S STABILITY 

Configuration of 8Cl : 2 6 In order to Cl atomic can stable islike noble gas, Cl tends to /   /   electron

He Ne Ar Kr Xe Rn

Gain Give

8O atomic is near with?

IKATAN KIMIA

Configuration  Ionic bond Covalent bondMetallic bond 

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

2 8 8 

2 8

2

18Ar

10Ne

2He

Noble gasconfiguration THE WAY TO REACH ATOM’S STABILITY 

How many electron is gained?

Configuration of 8Cl : 2 6 In order to Cl can be stable asnoble gas,Cl tends to / electron

He Ne Ar Kr Xe Rn

Gain Give

8O atomic is near with?

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Configuration  Ionic bond Covalent bondMetallic bond 

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tekan

THE WAY TO REACH ATOM’S STABILITY 

2 8 8 

2 8

2

18Ar

10Ne

2He

Noble gasConfiguration

O receives 2 electrons to form O2-  that is stable

How many electron is gained?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Configuration of 8Cl : 2 6 In order to Cl can be stable asnoble gas, Cl tends to / electron

He Ne Ar Kr Xe Rn

Gain Give

8O atomic is near with?

2 6  2 8

8O O2- (Stable)

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Configuration  Ionic bond Covalent bondMetallic bond 

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Ionic Bond is a bonding formed as a result of electrons transfer. This leads to

the formation of positive and negative ions which have the noble gas

Metal element ( Li with

configuration 2 1)tends to be stable bygiving 1 electron to form

Li+ 

Electron that is given by Li metal is

gained by non-metal atom ( O withconfiguration 2 6 ). To reach it’s stablity, O needs 2 electrons to form O2- . Sothat, 1 atom O needs 2 atom Li 

To help your understanding, please klick ilustration below!

Klick this buttonto watch electrons transfer 

1. Example: Li2O bond (Litium Oksida)

Configuration  Ionic bond Covalent bondMetallic bond 

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Ionic Bond is a bonding formed as a result of electrons transfer. This leads to

the formation of positive and negative ions which have the noble gas

Metal element ( Li withconfiguration 2 1) tends

to be stable by giving 1electron to form Li+ 

Electron that is given by Li metal is gained bynon-metal atom ( O with configuration 2 6 ).To reach it’s stablity, O needs 2 electrons toform O2- . So that, 1 atom O needs 2 atom Li 

1. Example: Li2O bond (Litium Oksida)

Konfigurasi Ikatan ion Ik. Kovalen Ik. Logam

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Ionic Bond is a bonding formed as a result of electrons transfer. This leads to

the formation of positive and negative ions which have the noble gas

Metal element ( Li withconfiguration 2 1) tends

to be stable by giving 1electron to form Li+ 

Electron that is given by Li metal is gained bynon-metal atom ( O with configuration 2 6 ).To reach it’s stablity, O needs 2 electrons toform O2- . So that, 1 atom O needs 2 atom Li 

1. Example: Li2O (Litium Oksida)

+

2

Li+ (stabil) 2

2 8

O2- (Stabil)

Li+ (stabil)

Li

Li

O

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Li and O form Li2O

Configuration  Ionic bond Covalent bondMetallic bond 

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2. Example: NaCl bond (Natrium klorida)

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Na ( logam ) has atomic number 11 withconfiguration 2 8 1, tends to

gain give /  Electron ?

Configuration  Ionic bond Covalent bondMetallic bond 

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2. Example: NaCl bond (Natrium klorida)

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Na ( logam ) has atomic number 11 withconfiguration 2 8 1, tends to

gain give /  Electron ?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8How manyelectron is

given?

Configuration  Ionic bond Covalent bondMetallic bond 

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2. Example: NaCl bond (Sodium Chlorida)

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Na ( logam ) has atomic number11 withconfiguration 2 8 1, Na tends to

gain give /  Electron ?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8As much

Cl ( non logam ) has atomic number 17with configuration 2 8 7, Cl tends to

gain give /  Electron ?

Konfigurasi Ikatan ion Ik. Kovalen Ik. Logam

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2. Example: NaCl bond (Natrium klorida)

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Na ( logam ) has atomic number 11 withconfiguration 2 8 1, Cl tends to

gain give /  Electron ?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8How many electronis given?

Cl ( non logam ) has atomic number 17with configuration 2 8 7, Cl tends to

gain give /  Electron ?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8How many electronsid gained?

Configuration  Ionic bond Covalent bondMetallic bond 

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2 8 7 

17Cl

2. Example: NaCl bond (Sodium Chlorida)

IKATAN KIMIA

Na ( logam ) has atomic number 11 withconfiguration 2 8 1, Cl tends to

Gain Give /  Electron ?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8How many electronis given?

Cl ( non logam ) has atomic number 17with configuration 2 8 7, Cl tends to

gain give /  Electron ?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8How many electronsis gained?

Na ( 2 8 1 ) → Na+ ( 2 8 ) + e- Cl ( 2 8 7 ) + e- → Cl-  ( 2 8 8 )

Na + Cl Na+ Cl- or NaCl 

11Na

2 8 1 

Electrons Tranfers

1 Na atomneeds

1 Cl atom

Konfigurasi Ikatan ion Ik. Kovalen Ik. Logam

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Configuration  Ionic bond Covalent Metallic

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2. Example: MgO (Magnesium Oksida)

Mg ( logam ) has atomic number 12 withconfiguration 2 8 2, Mg tends to

gain give /  Electron ?

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Konfigurasi Ikatan ion Ik. Kovalen Ik. Logam

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2. Example: MgO bond (Magnesium Oksida)

Mg ( logam ) has atomic number 12 withconfiguration 2 8 2, Mg tends to

gain give /  Electron ?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8As many as

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Konfigurasi Ikatan ion Ik. Kovalen Ik. Logam

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2. Example : MgO bond (Magnesium Oksida)

O ( non logam ) has atomic number 8,with configuration 2 6, O tends to

gain give /  Electron ?

Mg ( logam ) has atomic number 12 withconfiguration 2 8 2, Mg tends to

gain give /  Electron ?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8As many as

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Configuration  Ionic Covalent Metallic

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2. Example: MgO bond (Magnesium Oksida)

O ( non logam ) has atomic number 8 withconfiguration 2 6, O tends to

gain give /  Electron ?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8As many as

Mg ( logam ) has atomic number 12 withconfiguration 2 8 2, Mg tends to

gain give /  Electron ?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8As many as

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2. Example: MgO bond (Magnesium Oksida)

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O (non metal) has atomic number 8, withconfiguration 2 6, O tends to

gain give /  Electron ?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8As many as

Mg ( logam ) has atomic number 12 withconfiguration 2 8 2, Mg tends to

gain give /  Electron ?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8As many as

Mg ( 2 8 2 ) → Mg2+ ( 2 8 ) + 2e- O ( 2 6 ) + 2e- → O2-  ( 2 8 )

Mg + O Mg2+ O2- or MgO 

12Mg

2 8 1  2 6 

8O

Electron Transfer

1 Mg atomicneeds

1 O atomic

Konfigurasi Ikatan ion Ik. Kovalen Ik. Logam

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2. Example : CaCl2 bond (Natrium klorida)

IKATAN KIMIA

Ca (metal) has atomic number 20, withconfiguration 2 8 8 2, Ca tends to

gain give /  Electron ?

Konfigurasi Ionic Covalent Metallic

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2. Example : CaCl2 bond (Natrium klorida)

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Ca (metal) has atomic number 20, withconfiguration 2 8 8 2, Ca tends to

gain give /  Electron ?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8As many as

Configuration  Ionic Covalent Metallic

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2. Example : CaCl2 (Natrium klorida)

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Ca (metal) has atomic number 20, withconfiguration 2 8 8 2. Ca tends to

gain give /  Electron ?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8As many as

Cl (nonmetal) has atomic number 17, withconfiguration 2 8 7, Cl tends to

gain give /  Electron ?

Configuration  Ionic Covalent Metallic

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2. Example : CaCl2 (Calsium klorida)

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Ca (metal) has atomic number 20, withconfiguration 2 8 8 2, Ca tend to

gain give /  Electron ?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8As many as

Cl (non-metal) has atomic number 17, withconfiguration 2 8 7, Cl tends to

gain give /  Electron ?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8As many as

Ca ( 2 8 8 2 ) → Ca2+ ( 2 8 8 )+ 2e- x1Cl ( 2 8 7 ) + e- → Cl-  ( 2 8 8 ) x2

Ca + 2Cl Ca+ 2Cl- or CaCl2 

2 8 7 Electron transfer

2 8 7 

20Ca

2 8 8  2

1 Ca atomicneeds

2 Cl atomic

Configuration  Ionic Covalent Metallic

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2. Example : Al2O3 bond (Alumunium Oksida)

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Configuration  Ionic Covalent Metallic

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Al (metal) has atomic number 13, withconfiguration 2 8 3. Al tends to

gain give /  Eletron ?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8As many as

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2. Example Al2O3 (Alumunium Oksida)

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Configuration  Ionic Covalent Metallic

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Al (metal) has atomic number 13. withconfiguration 2 8 3, Al tends to

gain give /  Electron ?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8As many as

O (non metal) has atomic number 8, withconfiguration 2 6. O tends to

gain give /  Electron ?

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2. Example : Al2O3 (Alumunium Oksida)

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Configuration  Ionic Covalent Metallic

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Al (metal) has atomic number 13. withconfiguration 2 8 3. Al tends to

gain give /  Electron ?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8As many as

O (non metal) has atomic number 8, withconfiguration 2 6. O tends to

gain give /  Electron ?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8As many as

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2. Example: Al2O3 bond (Alumunium Oksida)

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O (non metal) has atomic number 8, withconfiguration 2 6, O tends to

gain give /  Eletron ?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8As many as

Al (metal) has atomic number 13, withconfiguration 2 8 3, Al tends to

gain give /  Electron ?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8As many as

Al ( 2 8 3 ) → Al3+ ( 2 8 ) + 3e- x2O ( 2 6 ) + 2e- → O2-  ( 2 8 ) x3

2Al + 3O 2Al3+ 3O2- or Al2O3 

8O

Electron transfer

13Al

13Al

8O

8O

2 Al atomicneeds

3 Atom O

Configuration  Ionic Covalent Metallic

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b. Bond between H atomic (non metal) and Cl atomic (non metal)

Ikatan HCl 

Atom H dan Cl yang saling mendekat sehingga membentuk ikatan molekul HCl 

H + Cl  H Cl atau H - Cl

Elektron yang Dipakai bersama

Atom H memerlukan 1 elektron ( duplet ) sedangkan atom Cl memerlukan1 elektron (oktet). Kemudian kedua atom memasangkan 1 elektronnyaUntuk membentuk molekul HCl

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Configuration  Ionic Covalent Metallic

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Contoh: Ikatan antara atom O (non logam) dengan atom O (non logam)

Ikatan O2

O + O  O O atau O = O

Dua pasang Elektron

yang Dipakai bersama

2. Double Covalent Bond 

Double Covalent bond is the shared 2 pairs of electronsIt’s symbolized by ( )

Atom O memiliki nomor atom 8 dengan 6 elektron terluar, agar dapatstabil (oktet) atom O masing-masing membutuhkan 2 elektron.

Configuration  Ionic Covalent Metallic

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Contoh: Ikatan antara atom N (non logam) dengan atom N (non logam)

Ikatan N2

N + N  N N atau N N

Tiga pasang Elektron

yang Dipakai bersama

3. Triple Covalent Bond 

Triple Covalent bond is the shared pair of 3 electronIt’s symbolized by ( )

Atom N memiliki nomor atom 7 dengan 5 elektron terluar, agar dapatstabil (oktet) atom N masing-masing membutuhkan 3 elektron.

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Configuration  Ionic Covalent Metallic

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3. Covalent Coordination Bond 

Covalent Coordination is chemical bond in which the shared pairof electrons is provided by only one of the bonded atoms

Misal : Pembentukan ikatan kovalen koordinasi dari NH4+ 

NH3 + H+ NH4+

H

H N + H+ H N H H N H

H

H

H

H

H

+ +

PEB

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Configuration  Ionic Covalent Metallic

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The Polarity of Covalent BOnd

The Polarity of covalent bond can be determined based on:a. The difference of electronegativity atom that formed compoundb. Molecule Form of covalend compound

1. Non-polar Covalent CompoundA Covalent bond is non polar when the bond pair is shared equally by bothof nuclei of atoms bonded together(dipole moment=0 or it doesn’t occurs polarisai) with characteristic,molecules shape is simetris.Example

Element Molecule: H2, N2, Cl2, O2 dllCompound Molecule with simetris shape: BeCl2, BeF2, BH3, BCl3, CH4, 

CCl4, PCl5,  SF6

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Configuration  Ionic Covalent Metallic

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Elektron yang dipakai bersama

Tertarik kearah F bukan H, karenaKeelektronegatifan F > H

tekan

2. Polar Covalent Compound

Polar covalent compound occurs on atoms that have differentelectronegativity is big.If we compare the polarity between H – F and H – Cl, Which one is morepolar?

Absolutely, H –

F is more polar because F has bigger electronegativity morethan Cl

H F 

Contoh:Senyawa-senyawa kovalen polar: HCl, HF, HI, H2O, NH3 dll

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Configuration  Ionic Covalent Metallic

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Metallic Bond is a bonding formed between metallic atom by use electronvalence interaction

Menurut teori awan elektron, kristal logam terdiri atas kumpulan ion logambermuatan positif didalam larutan elektron yang mudah bergerak. Ikatan logamterdapat antara ion logam positif dan elektron yang mudah bergerak tersebut.

Metal ion has positive charge in electron

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Configuration IonicIkatan ion Covalent Metallic

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References

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Depdiknas, 2002, Kurikulum berbasis kompetensi mata pelajaran kimia SMA dan MA, Jakarta. Pusat kurikulum

Firman, Harry, Liliasari, 1997. Kimia 1 untuk SMU kelas 1, Jakarta , BalaiPustaka.

Parning dkk, 2003, Kimia 1A, Yudhistira, cetakan IPetrucci, Ralph, H. Suminar, 1992, Kimia dasar, ed ke-4 jilid 1, Jakarta

ErlanggaPurba, Michael, 2002, Kimia 1A SMU ,Jakarta , erlanggaSantosa Sri juni, 2004, Kimia untuk kelas X , Intan PariwaraSutresna Nana, 2004, Kimia untuk SMA kelas 1, cetakan II, grafindo.Suyatno dkk, 2004, Kimia SMA kelas 1, Grasindo

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References

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1. Ikatan kimia antar unsur-unsur dapat terjadi dikarenakansetiap unsur mempunyaia. Lintasan elektron yang berjumlah sama

b. Netron dalam inti atomc. Jumlah proton dan elektronnya dalam inti samad. Jumlah massa atome. Kecenderungan memiliki konfigurasi elektron gas mulia

a b c d ePilih salah satu jawaban yang benar

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2. Ikatan yang terdapat antara atom-atom H ( nomor atom = 1 )dalam molekul H2 adalah ikatan .............

a. Ionb. Kovalenc. Hidrogend. Logame. Kovalen Polar

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3. Diketahui unsur-unsur P, R, Q, dan S dengan nomor atomberturut-turut 11, 17, 12, dan 18. Ikatan ion mungkindihasilkan antara atom-atom unsur ...........

a. P dan Sb. P dan Rc. R dan Sd. P dan Qe. Q dan S

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4. Dari pasangan-pasangan senyawa di bawah ini, yang mempunyaiikatan kovalen pada kedua senyawanya adalah .........

a. NH3  – KClb. CO2 – BaCl2c. H2O – CCl4d. NaCl – KBre. HF - LiCl

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5. Pada molekul N2 ( nomor atom N=7 ) jumlah pasangan elektronyang digunakan bersama adalah ............a. Satu

b. Duac. Tigad. Empate. Lima

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6. Unsur X mempunyai konfigurasi elektron 2,8,8,2. Sedangkanunsur Y 2,8,18,7. Kalau kedua unsur membentuk senyawarumusnya adalah ..........

a. XY2b. X2Yc. X2Y3

d. X2Y5

e. X2Y7

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7. Pasangan dibawah ini yang dapat membentuk ikatan kovalenadalah ….. a. 8X dan 11Y 

b.12

P dan12

Q c. 6R dan 17Q

d. 19M dan 16Te. 19A dan 35Br 

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8. Di antara senyawa di bawah ini yang merupakansenyawa kovalen koordinasi adalah ........( Ar, H=1; C=6; N=7; O=8; S=16; Cl=17 )

a. H2Ob. CH4

c. CCl4d. NH4

+ 

e. KCl 

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9. Diantara senyawa golongan halogenida berikut yang bersifatpaling polar adalah …. a. HFb. HClc. HBrd. HIe. HAt

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