STUDIO BUILDING TECHNOLOGY (RES 202) SEMESTER 2 (2012 / 2013)

TITLE :

Arowana Research Center

Name : SITI SABREENA SHUKRIMatric No : 114787Lecturer Name : Prof. Madya Ir. Nik Fuaad Nik AbllahSubmission Date : 31 May 2014

ABSTRACT

In order to preserve the higher quality of environment, water quality research is done to meet the

requirements of the proposed preservation Arowana fish breeding in existing retention pond.

There are several methods have been done to be applying the needs of the study based on several

aspects. The water retention system already existing built to facilitate the investigative work are

clearly to be done. This affected areas include the entire area is the main source of the water to

flow from outside through water catchment area. Classification based on several factors as the

first need to start this proposal. The study area is made appropriate and should be improved in

terms of the existing water quality. A strategic area through proper irrigation source has been

able to create an existing water retention area in the Universiti Sains Malaysia. This available

water resources stems mainly from the surrounding areas of higher ground. There are several

factors to address changes in water quality and the environment has been polluted.

After making investigations on samples made, the results can be concluded that Arowana fish is

suitable for the preservation of the area. One of the factors which drive the Arowana fish life is

the suitability of the water used in the lake. The pH value and temperature to assure a stable

ecosystem needs of life. Exposure to the environment is also a factor suitability of these creatures

to survive. Assurance of an adequate supply of resources is needed to ensure Arowana fish

breeding. There are some pitfalls that should be emphasized to control the quality of the fish

breeding

INTRODUCTION TO STUDY

The site that to be proposed is Tasik Fajar Harapan and Tasik Aman Damai that is existing pond

founded in Universiti Sains Malaysia. These case study which include the stream that come over

from other resource such sewerage system, drainage and culvert. This area may state at the lower

ground as a catchment area functional to avoid going from floods. The site of the flood is likely

to occur because of the depth of the retention pond is shallow. The pollution problems also occur

that effects of an increasingly polluted ecosystem result in water life that cannot survive longer.

Surrounding factor is the actual cause of the uncertainty problem. This proposal to conserve

these areas continues being made to meet the environmental requirements to avoid extinction.

Prevention need be done strategically so that this problem can be solved in the best possible way.

OBJECTIVES OF STUDY

The existing studies have shown some conditions to be modified to :

Ensure the quality of the environment.

The entire site covers water retention in a systematic and stable. Quality of water conditions

should be digested and filtered again to produce sufficient oxygen levels for aquatic life. The

lack of existing equipment is inadequate got a difficult for maintenance work. The water

treatment should be done to prevent contaminated water through sample surveys in several areas

around the lake. Its available water resource is also a factor in the accumulation of lake water can

be easily contaminated. They no performed monitoring by the removal of solid waste such as

waste water and chemicals allows easily contaminated. In aquatic ecosystems also became

unbalanced because there are many parasites and microorganisms make a lot of dead creatures.

This area also is focus in such areas for other wildlife breeding process as new habitats such as

lizards, turtles and frogs. Another species such as fish are more difficult to reproduce due to

obstruction of the parasite and the lack of dissolve oxygen in the water.

The purpose of the study is to guarantee a new life for Arowana fish breeding in this area.

LABORATORY RESULTS

Reading 1 Reading 2 Reading 3 Reading 4

6.25 6.33 6.6 6.44

31.7 31.8 30.8 30.9

4.44 4.19 4.89 4.14

0.63 1.53 0.27 0.63

1st AreapH Temp DO BOD

Reading 1 Reading 2 Reading 3 Reading 4

134 12491

172

330

640

270

100

1st AreaCOD SS

Reading 1 Reading 2 Reading 3 Reading 4

6.22 6.34 6.24 6.86

26.8 26.8 26.8 26.8

3.95 4.5 4.44 4.5942.7

1.4 0.6

2nd AreapH Temp DO BOD

Reading 1 Reading 2 Reading 3 Reading 4

118 141

253222

620

430

7020

2nd AreaCOD SS

Reading 1 Reading 2 Reading 3 Reading 4

6.14 6.26 6.33 6.62

29.2 28.5 29.2 28.9

7.07 7.515.02 6.14

0 0 0 0

3rd AreapH Temp DO BOD

Reading 1 Reading 2 Reading 3 Reading 4

197

68

127

85

130

9080

70

3rd AreaCOD SS

Conclusion of The Graph

From the first area. Water stream is flowing from a source before entering the retention area. Due

to the water flowing from highland areas continue to flow into the lower area before being

distributed through the tunnel. From 2nd area. The data collected from each sample are

representing the water flowing through channel from the first area. The water is come from the

different location channels that pass through from the river. The water will continue to retention

area in Tasik Aman Damai. The result is made from the second reading which for the retention

area.This graph is followed by the final catchment area data pass through from the Tasik Aman

Damai. The channel came through from the retention area and sewerage area. Water will flow

through the next retention area is Tasik Fajar Harapan and the others will through by culvert

channel.

As a conclusion from 6 graphs above that representing from each area will came out the different

result as total. From the observation the pH value is consider as the acidic which in range

between pH 6.14 – 6.86. Thus, it may suitable condition and compatible the quality of water. The

temperature is always changes but in average that is most capable temperature for existing

nature. Dissolved Oxygen (DO) is the measure of the amount of oxygen dissolved in a body of

water as an indication of the degree of health of the water and its ability to support a balanced

aquatic ecosystem.

AROWANA RESEARCH CENTER

1) Ideal condition for Arowana fish breedingBreeding Arowana is an on-going process there are no specific seasons when the fish breed,

however, there are times of year when breeding occurs more regularly. Based on the reproductive

cycle of Arowana fish breeding that they spend weeks to months courting and when ready,

female will lay eggs on slow stream riverbed and male will fertilised them immediately.

Fertilised eggs are them scooped up by male Arowana and the eggs are hatched in his mouth.

Eggs will hatch in about two months. The fry will then leave the father's mouth, initially for a

brief time only and slowly increase the duration. Father will signal the fries when there is sign of

danger and fries will swim back immediately for refuge. The fries will leave the father when they

are capable of surviving by themself.

The reality of the situation is that Arowana can be a long term aquatic companion with a life

expectancy of 20 years above which one of the lowest requirements of care of any tropical

species. Arowana is recommended for the well filtered, soft and slightly acidic water at roughly

temperature maintained in the range between 75 and 86 degrees Fahrenheit (24-30 C) is

preferable. Like other species, avoid sudden temperature changes because it can cause shock to

the fish and trigger a variety of problems. Too high temperature for a long time is known to cause

gill cover rolls, it will be very disturbing to the beauty of Arowana. This will be reflected by the

specific fish and its tolerance to the environment but Arowana themselves are very hardy.

Arowana is originated from waters with low hardness, therefore it is recommended to maintain

this hardness in the range (GH = 8). The pH level between 7.0 and 7.5 are compatible for the

quality of water. Arowana can live in a wide pH interval however it shall be adapted to its

original condition in the nature. It is suggested that they can be maintained in the range of neutral

pH to slightly acid (pH 6.0 to 7.0).

2) Compare with Present Condition

The existing lakes have shown that there are some problems occur for Arowana fish farming.

Several conditions have to be modified after getting the results from the laboratory. The study

sample is done so that the water quality is getting polluted due to lack of maintenance of the

system of water channels that flow into the lake. The other factor which include the function of

the pond that can be clarified as retention pond. This is showed how it faces the problem by

combining the detention pond as well. Retention ponds are developed to serve two functions,

limit flooding and pollutant removal. As mentioned above, retention and detention ponds are

often developed in areas with significant construction. Buildings, roadways, parking lots and

drive ways are all impermeable surfaces or material water cannot soak into during a rainfall.

Since the rain cannot penetrate these surfaces, it has no choice but to runoff to areas of lower

elevation. Therefore, the more building and pavement in a given area, the more chances of

flooding occur because the rain cannot soak into the ground.

a) Dissolve Oxygen (DO)

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) is one of the most important water quality parameters concerning

Arowana fish breeding and other aquatic life in your pond. It is a measure of the amount of

oxygen dissolved in the water that is available for aquatic life and is typically measured in Parts

Per Million (PPM). Cold water has the ability to hold more dissolved oxygen than warm water.

Dissolved oxygen is provided from plants during the photosynthesis process, diffusion of oxygen

at the air-water interface, wind or wave action and cascading or splashing water.

b) Temperature

Temperature problems are caused from uneven warming or cooling of condition the pond.

During the temperature rise, the surface water is warmed and the colder, denser bottom water

does not get warmed as much. This causes two distinct layers of water with a dividing line,

called a Thermocline. The problems associated are due to inadequate mixing of the water.

Oxygen diffused into the water from the air is not mixed with the cooler bottom water.

Therefore, it has a warm, oxygenated layer of water on top of a cool, low oxygen level layer at

the bottom. When the surface cools in fall, it becomes denser than the bottom and the pond

"turns over" call Turnover. This causes a mixing of all water and an overall decrease in dissolved

oxygen levels. Turnover can lead to Arowana fish die off and major problems with the pond.

c) Nutrient

Nutrient problems are the most common cause of aquatic plant and algae problems. Nutrients

can enter the pond naturally from leaves of nearby trees, die off of existing aquatic plants,

wildlife waste, etc. The biggest problem is with unnatural, non-point source pollution or runoff.

The runoff of nutrients from fertilized lawns, farm fields, cattle pastures, grass clippings and

roadways add large amounts of nutrients to the water. This sets off a major aquatic plant and

algae growth, which leads to more problems.

d) pH level

The pH level is a numeric value that indicates the relative acidity or alkalinity of the water on a

scale of 0 to 14, with neutral at 7. Acidic water has pH levels below 7 and basic or alkaline water

has pH levels above 7. Most lake and pond organisms prefer pH levels of 6.5 to 9. The pH levels

in a given pond can fluctuate daily and is determined by complex relationships between carbon

dioxide, hardness, alkalinity, photosynthesis, and respiration. If pH levels are not maintained,

there could be negative effects in the existing pond.

Alkalinity or basic materials such as carbonates, hydroxides, phosphates, and bicarbonates are

common in pond environments. Alkalinity is the buffering capacity of a pond or lake. This

buffering capacity is important to allow pH levels to remain constant even with the introduction

of acids from non-point source pollution and acid rainfall. Of pH levels are too acidic, lime is a

common additive to bring the pH back to normal levels. Maintaining a healthy pH for your pond

will help your pond organisms to thrive.

e) Oxygen and Water Movement

From a general overview of the common water quality problems, water movement and oxygen

play a major role in each problem and effects of those problems. A balanced pond ecosystem

always includes adequate levels of oxygen. Aeration is a great way to combat these problems and

limit the negative effects of them. Adding an aeration device will add vital dissolved oxygen to

your pond and also water movement.

3. Suggest Measures and Alternatives for Compliance

A retention or detention pond needs to be created in an area that will allow it to catch as many of

the runoff and pollutants as possible. The area needs to be low lying and the surrounding areas

need to be sloped toward it so runoff from parking lots, road ways, etc. can drain into the pond. It

is also crucial to make the pond the proper size and depth to accommodate the runoff water and

allow the pollutants to settle out. There are some ways to improving the quality retention pond

for Arowana fish breeding.

a) Aquatic Plants - Aquatic plants can add to the functionality, beauty, and diversity of your

retention or detention pond.

b) Bacteria - Beneficial bacteria can be added to a retention pond to assist in decomposing

and breaking down organic materials such as petroleum products and dead plants, fish,

etc.

c) Aeration - Oxygen is the key ingredient in any healthy marine environment. Dissolved

oxygen in the water is essential for aquatic life, such as fish, insects, bacteria, aquatic

plants, etc.

The methods are used can be done with follow this treatment:

1) Physical and Mechanical Treatment

Physical and mechanical treatments can often be the simplest and very effective, but also

are time consuming and can require a lot of physical effort. This technique works well

near in shallow areas and works great at removing the weeds

2) Chemical Treatment

Some treat certain aquatic plants better than other treatments, and since there are many

types of aquatic plants, it is a good idea to talk with a local lake management professional

to get some assistance in identifying the type of aquatic plant problem and develop a plan

for the best solution to that problem. Typically, liquid treatments are more effective in

shallow applications of 5 to 6' or less and granular applications are better in deep water.

Granular applications can also be used in spot treatment. Some common chemical

treatment methods are copper products, diquat herbicides, and fluridone herbicides.

3) Biological Treatment

Organisms can be used to help control and prevent aquatic weed growth in ponds.

Biological treatments may not work as fast as chemical treatments, but can be effective

and a long term solution to problems.

4) Dredging the Pond

Dredging is physically digging or removing sediment from the pond to make the pond deeper

and remove organic, nutrient rich sediment from the pond, as well as the plants that are growing

in that sediment.

4) Cost Analysis

Aerators

Diff users are designed to provide a fi ne air bubble with the least amount of pressure. The base

is made of durable plastic and an open port allows filling with gravel to settle. It has a raised

design that keeps the diff users performing at an optimal level above the pond bottom. A durable,

bolted, strain relief attachment ensures that the weighted tubing will not become detached during

installation or maintenance.

Pond Fertilizers

Fertilizer is used to establish a plankton bloom in your water. Plankton is the first step in the food

chain in any pond or lake. All new reproduction will feed on plankton until they are able to

forage on other fish. The availability of plankton in your water will increase the growth rate of

your new reproduction, in turn increasing their survival rates.

Waste and Sludge

Dunn's Sludge Reducing Pellets is a proprietary blend of selected natural bacteria and enzymes

that accelerates bottom sludge reduction, consumes excess aquatic nutrients in pond bottom

sediments. Helps control odours, and restores ponds natural aquatic eco-system.

Price of Liquid fertilizer (1 gallons) = RM 39.31

Price of Electric aerators = RM 4317.71

Price of per pound(Sludge Reducing Pellets) = RM 95.00

CONCLUSION

As a whole, the retention of water in the Tasik Fajar Harapan and Tasik Aman Damai is an ideal

activity carried out for the Arowana fish breeding in bulk. For assurance of protected ecosystem

and it can generate profit to the economy. Large capital outlays will ensure good results as one

factor to preserve the environment. Ecosystem structure will stays secure with environmental

conservation and improvement of natural areas to be factors importance of human life. This

became one of the duties to our people to continue to protect the environment from further

contamination. Existing area to be an important factor and is suitable for restoration work. From

the effects of Arowana fish habitats become a beauty in the new ecosystem landscape.