Rajah 3.1 : Peralatan Cerapan

Rajah 2 ; Plot scatter jarak kepala semua kenderaan kurang dari 5 saat

Rajah 3 : Graf scatter jarak kepala semua kenderaan di atas jalan

Rajah 4 : Graf scatter jarak kepala semua kenderaan kurang 130m

Rajah 5 : Graf Kelajuan semua kenderaan

Rajah 6 : Graf jarak kepala semua kenderaan kelajuan kelas 50 - 60 km/h

Rajah 7 : Graf purata jarak kepala semua kenderaan dengan kelas kelajuan

Rajah 8 : Graf jarak kepala dan kelas kelajuan kereta mengikut kereta

Rajah 9 : Perbandingan jarak kepala semua kenderaan berturutan

Rajah 10 : Perbandingan jarak kepala semua kenderaan

Rajah 3.3 : Kedudukan kamera cerapan

KameraKamera

Sudut cerapan Sudut cerapan

Jarak melebihi 100m

Garisan rujukan no.1Garisan rujukan no.2

kenderaankenderaan

KenderaanKenderaan

mengekormendahului

Jarak kepala

Rajah 2.1 : Jarak kepala antara kenderaan

3.8 Kaedah Cerapan Data.

Rajah 3.1 : Carta Methodologi Kajian

Jadual 1 : Lokasi Site Survey

SiteLokasiPurata LebarPanjangKeadaanCiri-ciri JalanCiri-ciri Jalan

No.Jalan ( m )Seksyen ( m )Jalan( Kaw.tandaan )( Kaw.tandaan )

( no.kaw. )

1Kuantan7.0500BothRata,LurusRata,Lurus

Ports.2( DC )( SS )

2Kangkar7.0300BothRata,LurusSelekoh,

Pontian2( SS )rata ( DC )

Island

Johor

3Kangkar7.0250BothRata,LurusBerbukit,

Pontian2( SS )rata ( DC )

Island

Johor

4Yong Peng7.0500BothRata,LurusRata,Lurus

Segamat2( SS )( SS )

Johor

* Note : SS - Short single broken line . DC - Double continious line

Tarikh Cerapan : Weekly Days

Bilangan kenderaan 8511

Purata jarak kepala masa 5.00 saat

Kadar alir Q = Bil.Kend. / 60 minit x 90 km/h

Purata laju 90 Km/h

Bilangan lorong 1

Jadual 2:

Keputusan Jarak Mengekor Kenderaan

Headway , H = Ao + A1V

Following typeSample saizAo ( )A1R

All Vehicle38792.98 ( 3.95 )1.16 ( 0.19 )0.98

Car - Car22591.26 ( 5.66 )1.19 ( 0.18 )0.96

Car - HGV8664.04 ( 1.96 )1.12 ( 0.11 )0.99

HGV - HGV2789.33 ( 11.19 )1.21 ( 0.61 )0.85

HGV - Car4305.17 ( 12.96 )1.19 ( 0.69 )0.81

Note : Figure in ( ) the standard deaviation of the corrsesponding coefficients.

Mathematically the results of the regression analysis ( Jadual 2 ) may be written as

H ( All Vehicle ) = 2.96 + 1.16V( 2a )

H ( Car - Car ) = 1.26 + 1.19V( 2b )

H ( Car - HGV ) =4.04 + 1.12V( 2c )

H ( HGV - HGV ) ) = 9.33 + 1.21V( 2d )

H ( HGV - Car ) = 5.17 + 1.19V( 2e )

Jadual 2 : Keputusan Jenis Jarak Mengekor Kenderaan

Keputusan Kajian ini

Highway Cude Smeed and Daou ( 1996 )Kajian ini

Marphenson Bennet Lane ( 1968 )

(-1993 )

Following 10 m Following 10 mFollowing 18 mFollowing 10 m

DistanceDistanceDistanceDistance

Speed20 km/h Speed20 km/hSpeed20 km/hSpeed 20 km/h

Contoh Data Cerapan

Headway , H = Ao + A1V

Following typeSample saizAo ( )A1R

All Vehicle38792.98 ( 3.95 )1.16 ( 0.19 )0.98

Car - Car22591.26 ( 5.66 )1.19 ( 0.18 )0.96

Car - HGV8664.04 ( 1.96 )1.12 ( 0.11 )0.99

HGV - HGV2789.33 ( 11.19 )1.21 ( 0.61 )0.85

HGV - Car4305.17 ( 12.96 )1.19 ( 0.69 )0.81

Note : Figure in ( ) the standard deaviation of the corrsesponding coefficients.

JALAN PONTIAN - JOHOR BHARU ( Jalan Tunggal )

NO.MASA MULA JARAK KEPALAMASA AKHIRJARAK KEPALAHALAJU ( m/s )HALAJU ( km/j )PURATA JARAK

( s ) ( s )( s )( s)KEPALA

( s )

11.110.003.520.0020.74774.6890.00

24.193.086.152.6325.51091.8372.86

35.090.907.331.1822.32180.3571.04

45.450.367.890.5620.49273.7700.46

55.770.328.150.2621.00875.6300.29

66.260.498.300.1524.51088.2350.32

76.610.358.990.6921.00875.6300.52

89.322.7111.572.5824.51088.2352.65

99.810.4912.040.4721.00875.6300.48

1011.321.5113.371.3322.22280.0001.42

1113.732.4115.962.5922.42280.7172.50

1213.980.2516.340.3821.18676.2710.32

1316.092.1118.251.9123.14883.3332.01

1416.660.5719.070.8220.74774.6890.70

1547.4530.7949.6230.5523.04182.94930.67

1661.2213.7763.0613.4427.17497.82613.61

1764.623.4067.174.1119.60870.5883.76

1865.560.9468.040.8720.16172.5810.91

1965.950.3968.440.4020.08072.2890.39

2066.320.3769.070.6318.18265.4550.50

2167.060.7470.621.5514.04550.5621.15

2268.361.3071.230.6117.42262.7180.95