BAB 1: RESPIRASI

1. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan pertukaran gas di peparu.The diagram below shows the exchange of gases in lungs.

(a) Lengkapkan pernyataan berikut, berdasarkan rajah di atas.Complete the following statement, based on the above diagram.

Alveolus dikelilingi oleh ___________________________________ dan proses pertukaran gas di antara alveolus dengan kapilari darah berlaku melalui ___________________________________.

The alveoli are surrounded by _____________________________ and the exchange of gases between the alveoli and blood capillaries occurs through __________________________________________.

[2 markah/marks]

(b) Terangkan secara ringkas bagaimana pertukaran gas X dan Y berlaku.Explain briefly how the exchange of gases X and Y that takes place.

(i) X: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(ii) Y:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________[2 markah/marks]

(c) Nyatakan dua pengubahsuaian yang ditunjukkan oleh permukaan pertukaran gas.State two adaptations of the respiratory surfaces for gaseous exchange.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________[2 markah/marks]

2. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan sebuah poster tentang kesan merokok yang terdapat di sebuah pasaraya tempatan.The diagram below shows a poster on the effects of smoking is found in a local shopping mall.

(a) Seorang perempuan mengandung mengambil keputusan untuk berhenti merokok setelah melihat poster itu. Adakah anda bersetuju dengan keputusannya? Wajarkan pandangan anda beserta bukti untuk menyokongnya.A pregnant woman decides to stop smoking after seeing the poster. Do you agree with her decision? Justify your opinion with supported evidences.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________[3 markah/marks]

(b) Zulkifli mengalami masalah asma sejak kecil lagi. Cadangkan bagaimana dia dapat mengelakkan masalah tersebut daripada menjadi lebih serius.Zulkifli has been suffering from asthma since young. Suggest how he can prevent the problem from getting worse.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________[2 markah/marks]

(c) Merokok merupakan faktor utama yang menyebabkan masalah jantung. Kesannya amat besar jika terdapat faktor lain seperti amalan pemakanan yang tidak sihat. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan seorang perokok yang sedang menikmati makanan segera di sebuah restoren. Terangkan kesan negatif yang akan dialami pada jangka masa panjang jika tabiat ini diteruskan.Smoking is a major risk factor for heart disease. The effects can be serious when combined with other risk factors such as healthy eating habits. The diagram below shows a smoker enjoying fast food in a restaurant. Explain the negative impacts that will occur in the long term if this habit is prolonged.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________[3 markah/marks]

(d) Kajian menyatakan bahawa perokok mempunyai risiko yang tinggi untuk menghidapi kanser peparu. Berikan cadangan anda untuk mengatasi masalah ini di negara kita.A research states that heavy smokers have high possibilities of getting lung cancer. Give your opinion on how to overcome this problem in our country.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________[2 markah/marks]