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7/17/2019 KonsepPBL
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Project-Based Learning…
“Satu aktiviti penyiasatan mendalamtentang suatu topik dunia sebenar yang
berfaedah kepada pelajar”
(Sylvia Chard, Associate Professor of Education, University
of Alberta, Alberta, Canada)
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Project Based Learning..
… satu kaedah pengajaran sistematik yangmelibatkan pelajar dalam pembelajaran
pengetahuan dan kemahiran melalui prosesinkuiri yang kompleks bagi menyelasaikanpersoalan dunia sebenar yang akhirnya akanmenghasilkan suatu output pembelajaran.
Buck Institute of Education (BIE)
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PBL berdasarkan kepada kurikulum- Berdasarkan keperluan kurikulu
- Pebela!aran berdasarkan pendekatan inkuiri
- Proses inkuiri berdasarkan kepada satu persoalan
- "uru dan pela!ar beker!asaa dala proses
en!a#ab persoalan penyiasatan
Project Based Learning..
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PBL mengemukakan persoalan yang akan
dijaab oleh pelajar
$ "uru atau pela!ar en%eukakan satu teapersoalan yan% akan eandu pela!ar
ebuat pro!ek secara berkolaborasi& Pro!ek
ini en%inte%rasikan pelba%ai sub!ek dala
kurikulu&
Project Based Learning..
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PBL memerlukan pelajar menjawabpersoalan dunia sebenar
– Pengetahuan secara holistik
Project Based Learning..
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PBL adalah satu kaedah yangmemerlukan pelajar menghuraikanisu dan persoalan yang rumit.
– Menggalakkan persefahaman
– students explore, make judgements,interpret and synthesize information in
meaningful ways
Project Based Learning..
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'en%apa PB diperlukan 'en%ikut artikel Futureworks: Trends and Challenges
for Works in the 21st. Century ,
* +We are living in a new economy – powered bytechnology, fueled by information, and driven by
knowledge* ni berakna, pen%%unaan PB akan ebantu urid
untuk ebina keahiran dan ketrapilan dalaen%hadapi asyarakat asa depan yan% lebihberasaskan kepada akluat dan teknolo%i& .e%araa!u en%%unakan pendekatan ini dala bilik dar!ah&PB ini apu elahirkan urid yan% bolehen%hadapi dunia abad ke-/0&
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Melalui PBL, pelajar boleh:
Boleh berfikiran +outside the bo1
Boleh beker!a dala kupulan dala kelas, kelas lain
atau di ne%ara lain (collaborative learnin%)
'eaksiakan 2 ton%%ak utaa Sekolah Bestari $ self-directed, self-access and self-paced
Berpeluan% untuk beker!a dala isu dan aalan dunia
sebenar&
Boleh eperoleh keahiran pen%urusan kendiri seperti
pen%urusan asa, perancan%an, pen%urusan suber,
pen%urusan tekanan, dll&
'eperoleh keahiran abad ke-/0&
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'ebantu epertin%katkan aalan P3P& Pela!ar boleh beker!adala kupulan dala kelas, di kelas lain atau di ne%ara lain&
(collaborative learnin%)&
'ebantu eban%un dan enilai keahiran serta indset
seba%aiana yan% dikehendaki dala dunia peker!aan asakini
(4no#led%e-5orkers)& 'ereka berpeluan% berinteraksi den%an isudan aalan dunia sebenar&
'ebantu eran%ka dan elaksanakan atlaat untuk siste
penilaian berasaskan sekolah (School-Based Assessent)&
'ebantu dala elahirkan peker!a yan% berpen%etahuan&
Faedah penting dalam pelaksanaan PBL:
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* Pro!ek yan% telah diberikan kepada urid
telah eberikan banyak faedah kepada
seua ahli pasukan secara
keseluruhannya& Banyak pengalaman
dan kemahiran baru ditepuhi dan
dipela!ari& Pela!ar en%alai
keseronokan dan kepuasan seasa danselepas elaksanakan pro!ek yan%
diberikan&
!"B#$!#% P"L#!S#%##% PBL
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* Pela!ar dapat epela!ari pelba%ai
kemahiran $&' seasa elaksanakan
pro!ek& 'isalnya, keahiran ebuat
carian di internet, eban%unkan
ultiedia, po#erpoint, en%%unakan
5indo# 'ovie 'aker dan perisian %rafik
seperti Adobe Photoshop&
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* Pela!ar eperoleh kemahiran
komunikasi terutaa sekali seasa sesi
teu bual dan pebentan%an dala sesi
P6& 4eahiran berkounikasi !u%a
dapat dipertin%katkan seasa
perbincan%an dan refleksi kupulan&
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* Pela!ar !u%a dapat eupuk semangat
kerjasama dala kupulan, semangat
setiakaan dan bela!ar untuk
eperkukuhkan otivasi individu serta
kupulan&
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* 'epertin%katkan la%i keyakinan untuk
ebuat pen%ucapan a#a dan
eperoleh keahiran dala enan%ani
soalan-soalan yan% dikeukakan oleh
a#a seasa persebahan oleh pela!ar&
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* Pela!ar !u%a eperoleh kemahiran
dalam menganjurkan suatu projek
seperti la#atan, teu bual dan
en%usahakan sesi pebentan%an hasil
pro!ek di sekolah seba%ai latihan sebelu
P6 sebenar& ni eberikan peluan%
kepada pela!ar untuk ebuat suatukeputusan dan bukan saha!a berfikiran
kritikal dan kreatif tetapi !u%a terbuka&
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* 'en%aplikasikan pen%etahuan dan peikiran,en%ipleentasikan konsep +tahu dan +buat&
* 'ebantu pela!ar dala pebela!aran
penyelesaian asalah, kounikasi danpen%urusan kendiri&* ife-lon% learnin%, ke!ayaan kendiri dan ker!aya&* 'en%inte%rasikan kurikulu, arahan dan isu
asyarakat&
Faedah PBL kepada pelajar
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* Penilaian berdasarkan suasana ker!a sebenarenin%katkan akauntebiliti, atlaat danusaha&
* 'e#u!udkan kounikasi positif danker!asaa kupulan di kalan%an pelba%aikerenah pela!ar&
* 'eenuhi cara dan keperluan pebela!aranyan% pelba%ai di kalan%an pela!ar&
Faedah PBL kepada pelajar
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Peningkatan ketrampilan pelajar
7ari hanya en%ikut arahan
& &'elaksanakan aktiviti pebela!aran terarah
kendiri
7ari hanya en%in%at dan en%ulan%i
& & Peneuan, inte%rasi dan epersebahkan
7ari hanya enden%ar dan bertindakbalas
& & Berkounikasi dan en%abil tan%%un%!a#ab
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7ari hanya pen%etahuan tentan% fakta, tera
dan kandun%an
& &Peahaan proses
7ari hanya teori
& & Aplikasi teori
7ari hanya ber%antun% kepada %uru
& & Berkuasa enentukan aktiviti pebela!aran
Peningkatan ketrampilan pelajar
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8 hasil pembelajaran
* 4andun%an berasaskan sukatan
* 4olaborasi
* Peikiran kritikal
* 4ounikasi 6ral
* 4ounikasi bertulis
* Persediaan ker!aya
* Budaya ban%sa dan etika
* iterasi akluat
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1st Century Skill
PBL sebagai metodologi PP
!atu proses PP berpusatkan pelajar
Proses nkuiri 3 peneuan oleh pela!ar
Pela!ar terlibat secara aktif dala pebela!aran
"uru seba%ai pebibin%
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Counication8 Speakin%, Presentin%, Publishin%
"roup Processes8 eadership, 9ea 5ork,Collaboration
Self 'ana%eent8 9ie and 9ask 'ana%eent,Self 'onitorin%
!"#LL!
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* Penyiasatan sisteatik8
$ Pebinaan pen%etahuan secara inkuiri&
$ Perkon%sian akluat&
$ Proses en!a#ab persoalan pro!ek&
* Proses pebela!aran saa pentin% den%an pro!ek
pebela!aran&
* 'eperoleh pen%etahuan dan keahiran baru dala proses&
Bagaimana(
PBL sebagai satu proses
pembelajaran
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$eacher%s
role* )acilitator Provide access to resource aterials& "ive students opportunity toake their o#n decision&
* #dvisor
:elp to solve probles and su%%est options&* Supporter
"ives support and encoura%eent, sho# interest and discussstudents; ideas&
* *anager
Check students; accoplishent, provide feedback systeaticallyand help students to plan their #ork&
* "valuator Evaluate and assess students; products and sho# the ho# theycan be iproved&
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* Access inforation efficiently and effectively&* Evaluate inforation critically and copetently&
* Contribute positively to the learnin% counity&
* Participate effectively in %roups to pursue and
%enerate inforation
* Synthesi<e inforation in any different anner&
!tudent%s role
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Perbandingan PBLPerbandingan PBL
dengan kaedahdengan kaedahtradisionaltradisional
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&riteria 'raditional
$nstruction
Project-Based Learning
Content * 4no#led%e of facts * Coprehension ofconcepts and principles
Scope andSe=uence
* >ollo#s fi1edcurriculu
* 'ove fro unit tounit
* .arro#, contentarea focus
* >ollo#s studentsinterest
* ar%e units coposedof cople1 probles orissues
* Broad, interdisciplinaryfocus
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&riteria 'raditional
$nstruction
Project-Based
Learning
9eacher;s role * ecturer and directorof instruction
* E1pert
* ?esource provider
* Advisory@entor@facilitator
Assessent * Products
* 9est scores
* ?eproduction of
inforation
* Process andproduct
* 9an%ibleaccoplishents
* 7eonstration ofunderstandin%
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&riteria 'raditional $nstruction Project-Based
Learning
* Classroo
aterials
* 9e1ts, lectures andpresentations
* 9eacher@book
copany developed#orksheets andactivities
* 7irect or ori%inalsources, printedaterials, intervie#s
and docuents* 7ata and aterialsdeveloped bystudents
* Use oftechnolo%y
* Ancillary, peripheral
* Adinistered by
teachers
* Central, inte%ral
* 7irected bystudents
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&riteria 'raditional
$nstruction
Project-Based
Learning
* 9ype ofstudentinvolveent
* Students #orkin%alone
* Students copetin%#ith one another
* Students receivin%inforation
* Students #orkin% in%roups
* Studentscollaboratin%
* Studentsconstructin%,contributin% and
synthesi<in%inforation
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&riteria 'raditional
$nstruction
Project-Based Learning
* Studentrole
* Carry outinstructions
* 'eori<e and
repeat facts* isten, behave,speak only #henspoken to
* Carry out self directede1periences
* 7iscover, inte%rate, and
present ideas* Counicate, sho#affect, produce, takeresponsibility
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&riteria 'raditional
$nstruction
Project-Based
Learning
*"oals * 4no#led%e of facts,ters and content
* 'astery of isolated
skills* Breadth ofkno#led%e oneanother
* "raduates #hohave kno#led%e toperfor onstandardi<edachieveent tests
* Understandin% andapplication of cople1ideas and processes
* 'astery of inte%ratedskills
* 7epth of kno#led%e
* "raduates #ho have
the disposition of andskills to en%a%e insustained, autonoous,life-lon% learnin%
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Perbandingan dengan Projek PBL
P+,"&'S PBL
*oose set of activity
*.o ana%eentstructure
*'ay be theatic
*Broad assessent
*Uses drivin% =uestions to drivethe in=uiry process
*nte%ral part of the curriculu
*>ocused and inspirin%
*Ali%ns specific outcoe #ithassessent
*Uses pro!ect ana%eent tools
to structure learnin%
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TATACARA PELAKSANAAN PBL
* Bentuk kupulan pela!ar8 2- oran%* kuti ena lan%kah PB&
$ Perkenalkan soalan y% boleh ebina inat&
$ Senaraikan aktiviti $ Buat !adual aktiviti8 $ Buat peantauan pro!ek $ .ilai output pro!ek
* Buat persebahan pro!ek
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&'$#F&($: PBL P')*+($!
-'#$$/0+esearch report
Poster
Poem
+eport
Book +evie
Brochure
Pamphlet
Survey./uestionnaire
#utobiography
"ssay
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$ Essential uestion@Soalan Pentin%
$ Unit uestions@Soalan Unit
$ Content uestions@Soalan 4andun%an
Curriculu->rain% uestions@
Soalan kurikulu8
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Essential
Unit
Content Basic
Bigger
Biggest
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ESSE!"#$ %&ES!"' (E%)
$ Soalan yan% eandu kepada persoalan yan%
lebih endala&
$ Berkisar den%an isu utaa,perasalahan,
keprihatinan, kepentin%an dan inat atau tea
yan% sesuai den%an kehidupan pela!ar dan
kouniti&
$ 6pen-ended, tidak eihak kepada ana-ana
pihak, bererti dan epunyai tu!uan&
$ 'en%%alakkan budaya kolaborasi di kalan%an
pela!ar, %uru, kouniti dan en%inte%rasikan C9
ba%i enyokon% proses pebela!aran&
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ESSENTIAL QUESTION (EQ)
"/ yang baik adalah0
• ♦ 7apat eandu pro!ek&
• ♦ ?efleksi tea pro!ek&
• ♦ 'ebantu pela!ar ke arah endalai
kandun%an dan keahiran yan% ebolehkan
ereka en!a#ab soalan pro!ek&• ♦ 9idak udah di!a#ab atau diselasaikan&
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Senarai semak bagi membina soalan
yang berkesan♦ Adakah ia eran%san% peikiran
♦ Adakan !enis +open ended
♦ Adakah ia berkait lan%sun% den%an
topik
♦ Adakah ia encabar
♦ Adakah ia delia dunia sebenar
♦ Adalah outputnya nanti selaras den%an
atlaat :SP
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Contoh EQ: Sains
♦ 5hat is the earth ade of
♦ Can #e predict the #eather
♦ :o# %ood is our #ater
♦ :o# should a brid%e be desi%ned for this
site
♦ :o# can #e stop the spread of infectiousdisease
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&"! %&ES!"' (&%)
$ Berkenaan topik spesifik atau unit
pebela!aran
$'enyokon% dan eneruskanpebela!aran E
$ 'en%eukakan soalan-soalan pentin%
ba%i pro!ek
$ 9iada !a#apan yan% +betul
$ 'eran%san% inat pela!ar
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&"! %&ES!"' (&%)
* 5hy do #e need food
* :o# can reain healthy al#ays
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C'!E! %&ES!"' (C%)
$ 'en!a#ab soalan-soalan pro!ek dan
ob!ektif pebela!aran secara !elas
$ Berkisar den%an fakta, bukan saha!a
interpretasi fakta
$ 'en!a#ab soalan-soalan pro!ek
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C'!E! %&ES!"' (C%)• What is food?
• How does food keep us healthy and fit?
• What are the different food types andtheir nutritive value?
• What is a balanced diet and its role in
good health?
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Speech
1ebate
Panel discussion
1iscussion
"2hibition of products
PBL P')*+($!: Presentation
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ho* pbl *ork
"ssential /uestion
Plan
Schedule
*onitor
#ssess
"valuate
!aedah
ProjectBased
Learning
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* *ultimedia
* 3ideo
* &1-+,*
* 4ebsite
PBL P')*+($! :$echnological
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#udiotape
Slide sho
3ideotape
Painting
*ap
Photo album
PBL P')*+($! : Media
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Pembentangan ro!ek mengg"nakan bros"r #an C$
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Pembentangan ro!ek mengg"nakan bahan %arta
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Ib" baa se#ang mengik"ti ersembahan ela!ar
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A rubric is the %uide used to scoreperforance assessents in a reliable,
fair, and valid anner and is %enerally
coposed of diensions for !ud%in%
student perforance, a scale for ratin%
perforances on each diension, and
standards of e1cellence for specified
perforance levels&http8@@rubistar&teachers&or%@inde1&php
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