A. Modal Biasa= Umumnya digunakan dalam kaiimat present

Can = dapat, boleh (kemampuan, izin)Could = dapat, boleh (kemampuan, izin)Contoh:

# Alisa can run as quickly as Alita.# You can use my car.

Will = akan (rencana)Would = akan (rencana)Shall = akan (rencana)Contoh:

# We will go to the beach.# They would be here on Sunday.

Should = harus, seharusnya (saran, nasehat)Contoh:

# You will have exam tomorrow, you should study now.

May = mungkin, boleh (kemungkinan, izin)Might = mungkin, boleh (kemungkinan, izin)Contoh:

# Santi is absent today. She may/might be ill now.

Must = harus (keharusan)= pasti (kesimpulan/kepastian)

Contoh:# In order to pass the exam, we must study hard.# John has a new beautiful girlfriend. He must be happy now.

Have/has to = harus (keharusan)Contoh:

# We have to come to the school on time.

Had to = harus (keharusan di waktu lampau)Would rather = lebih sukaHad better = sebaiknyaOught to = seharusnya

B. MODAL PERFECT

MODAL

MODAL BIASABENTUKNYA:

Can + V1/beMay + V1/be

Might + V1/beMust + V1/ be

Should + V1/beDll.

MODAL PERFECTBENTUKNYA:

Could+have+V3Might+have+V3Should+have+V3Must+have+V3

1. must have + V3/been (menyatakan kesimpulan (conclussion))pasti telah ......

E.g. Alice got the best mark in the exam. He must have studied hard for it.

2. might have + V3/been (menyatakan kemungkinan /possibility)mungkin telah ......

E.g. My mother came home late. Well she might have been trapped in the traffic jam.

3. should have + V3/been (menyatakan harapan yang tak terpenuhi)seharusnya telah ......

E.g. The boy was not admitted to have the lesson, because of being late.He should have left for school earlier.

4. could have + V3/been (kemampuan yang sebenarnya bisa dilakukan tetapi tidak dilakukan)

sebenarnya mampu ....... tetapi tidak dilakukan

E.g. I could have asked my brother to help me lift the box. But I didn’t. And I lifted the box myself.

MODEL SOAL1. Melengkapi kalimat dengan memberi predikat bermodal yang sesuai2. Mencari kesimpulan/arti dari kalimat yang menggunakan modal

Contoh soal:

1. There was so much noise next door. Our neighbor ............. from their vacation abroad.

A. may come back D. is supposed to come backB. would have came back E. ought to have come backC. must have come back

Smart: Lihat kontek kalimat apakah dalam maksud “past”/lampau atau present/sekarang. Jika konteknya past maka pilih dari pilihan modal perfect saja. Setelah itu pilih modal mana yang paling tepat.

2. Tina will have a test tomorrow. She ..................... hard now.A. must have studied D. cuold have studiedB. will be studying E. might have been studyingC. must be studying

Jawab: CSmart: Kata “now” dalam diatas menunjukkan waktu sekarang. Maka

jangah pilih modal perfect. Pilih modal biasa = B/C. yang paling tepat adalah kesimpulan “must be studying”pasti sedang belajar sekarang.

3. “I need more data about this topic.”“Rawina might be able to help you.” The underlined sentence means......

A. perhaps Rawina can help youB. Rawina can help you right nowC. I’m sure Rawina can help you

D. Rawina will certainly be able to help youE. rawina was able to help you

Jawab: ASmart: untuk model soal mencari arti, khusus untuk bentuk “Might have

V3”, cari dari pilihan yang ada: perhaps, may/maybe, probably, atau possibly.