MY SC'09 FOLIO_aida Farhana'Gapar

8/9/2019 MY SC'09 FOLIO_aida Farhana'Gapar

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Examples of carbohydrate:

Rice Noodles Potatoes

Importance of carbohydrates:

Main source of energy.

Form supporting structures, such as cell walls in plants.

Can be converted to proteins and fats.


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Proteins are food substances that contain carbon, hydrogen,oxygen and nitrogen. Sulphur and phosphorus are present too.

Every protein molecule is made up of basic units called amino

acids.

Meat, fish and eggs are animal proteins while beans, nuts and

seeds are plant proteins.

Examples of protein:

Milk Meat, fish, eggs

Importance of proteins:

Building new cell.

Repair and replace damaged tissues.

For growth and supply energy.

Insufficient protein in a childs diet may lead to a disease

called kwashiorkor.


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Fats consist of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Unlikecarbohydrates, however, fats contain less oxygen in proportion

to hydrogen.

Fats which are liquid at room temperature are called oils.

Examples are palm oil and coconut oil.

Each fat molecule consist of glycerol molecule and three fatty

acids molecules.

Food rich in fat include butter, margarine, cooking oil and fatty

meats.

Examples of fats:

O il Cheese Butter


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Importance of fats:

Supply twice energy than carbohydrate.

Dissolve vitamin A, D, E and K.

Protect internal organ.

Heat insulator.

A diet rich in fats, however, increases the risk of heart

disease.


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Vitamins are organic compounds that are required in very smallamounts for maintaining good health.

Vitamins are not energy providing foods.

Vitamins are divided into water-soluble vitamins and fat-soluble

vitamins.

The water-soluble vitamins are vitamins B and C.

The fat-soluble vitamins include vitamins A, D, E and K.

Diseases caused by a lack of vitamins in our body are called

vitamin deficiency diseases.

We should eat a varied diet to obtain all the different types of

vitamins that our body needs.Vitamins protect the body from various types of diseases and

maintain the health of the body.

Examples of vitamin:

F ruits VegetablesMeat, Milk


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Table 1.1: Vitamins

Vitamin Source Function Deficiency

diseaseA Carrot, liver, fish

liver oil and green

vegetables

y For night visiony Healthy skin

y Night blindnessy Skin infections

B Eggs, milk, meat

yeast and cereals

y Healthy skiny Healthy nervous

systemy Formation of red

blood cellsy Release energy from

carbohydrates

y Beri-beriy Anaemia

C Fresh fruits and

vegetables

y Healing of woundsy Resistance to

diseases

y Scurvy (bleedinggums)

D Made by our body in

sunlight, also found

in milk, eggs and fish

liver oil

y Strong bones andteeth

y Rickets (softbones and dental

decay)

E Vegetable oil, whole

grains, nuts and

wheat germ

y May be needed forreproduction

y Helps to fight againstdiseases

y Sterility

K Made in the human

intestines, also

found in egg yolk and

green vegetables

y Clotting of blood y Prolongedbleeding


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Minerals are inorganic chemical elements that are needed insmall amounts for healthy growth and development.

Minerals are required to regulate body processes.

A lack of minerals causes deficiency diseases.

Examples of minerals:

E ggs Green vegetables Seafood


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Minerals Source Function Deficiency

diseaseCalcium Cheese, milk, eggs

and green

vegetables

y Strong bonesand teeth

y Blood clottingy Muscle and

nerve activities

y Ricketsy Osteoporosisy Prolonged

bleeding

y Muscular crampsSodium Table salt, cheese

and meat

y Maintains bodyfluid

y Properfunctioning of

nerves

y Muscular cramps

Iron Meat, eggs andgreen vegetables

y Needed to formhaemoglobin in

red blood cells

y Anaemia

Iodine Seafood and

iodised salt

y Needed to makehormones of the

thyroid gland

y Goitre (swellingof the thyroid

gland in the

neck)

Phosphorus Eggs, meat, milk,

cheese andvegetables

y Strong bonesand teeth

y Musclecontraction

y Stores energy

y Ricketsy

Weakness

Potassium Meat, nuts and

bananas

y Maintains bodyfluid

y Properfunctioning of

nerves

y Regulation ofheartbeat

y Weak musclesy Paralysis

Table 1.2: Minerals


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Fibre is also known as roughage.

Dietary fibre consists mainly of cellulose that is indigestible

because we do not have enzymes to digest it.

Fruits and vegetables are rich in dietary fibre.

Examples of fibre:

Cereals Vegetables Fruits

Importance of fibre:

Absorbs water so that human feaces remain soft and can

pass easily from our body.

Prevent constipation.


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Water is very essential for life because 70% of our bodyweight is water.

Water is the main component of our blood and body fluid.

We can survive for several weeks without food but would die in

a few days without water.

Examples of water:

Mineral water F ruit Juice

Importance of water:

Acts as a solvent in which chemicals dissolve.

Transport digested food.

Camies aways waste product.

Takes part in biochemical reaction.

We require at least 1.5 litres of water daily to replace water

lost in sweat, urine, faeces and expired air.


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MY SC'09 FOLIO_aida Farhana'Gapar

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