PANCA INDRA fkg 18 apr11.ppt

*PANCA INDRABAGIAN ANATOMI FK UNUDDr. Yulianayuliana, fk unud, panca indra

yuliana, fk unud, panca indra

*yuliana, fk unud, panca indra


*PANCA INDRA TERDIRI DARI :

MATA (PENGLIHATAN) n. opticus (reseptor sel rod dan cone di retina)TELINGA (PENDENGARAN) n. cochlearis (organon Corti/cochlea)HIDUNG (PENGHIDU) n. olfactorius (mucosa nasi superior)LIDAH (PENGECAP) n. facialis & n. glossopharyngeus (taste bud di mucosa corpus dan radix linguae)yuliana, fk unud, panca indra


*5. KULIT (PERABA)nyeri free nerve endingpanas RuffiniDingin Krauseraba halus MeissnerTekan Pacciniproprioceptive / posisi sendi muscles spindleyuliana, fk unud, panca indra


*MATA

Bulbus oculi di dalam orbitaDilindungi oleh palpebra sup. & Inf.Gld. LACRIMALIS sekresi air mata utk melindungi kornea dan eyeball dr injuryBulbus oculi tdd. 3 lapisan :1.Tunica fibrosa (cornea & sclera)2. LAMINA VASCULOSA: choroid, ciliary body, iris3. Tunica sensoria / retinaBulbus oculi berisi : refractive media (tdd. Cornea, aqueous humor, lensa, corpus vitreous)



*OTOT ORBITAM. LEVATOR PALPEBRAE SUP.

MM. RECTI (SUP., INF., MED., LAT.)

MM. OBLIQUI (SUP., INF.)yuliana, fk unud, panca indra


*Extrinsic eye musclesIII (Oculomotor)yuliana, fk unud, panca indra

MuscleMovementNerveSuperior obliqueDepresses eye, turns laterallyIV (Trochlear)Lateral rectusTurns laterallyVI (Abducens)Medial rectusTurns mediallyIII (Oculomotor)Superior rectusElevatesIII (Oculomotor)Inferior rectusDepresses eyeIII (Oculomotor)Inferior obliqueElevates eye, turns laterally


*Support of eye--tearsLacrimal glandssuperficial/lateral in orbit, produce tearsLacrimal duct (nasolacrimal duct) medial corner of eye carries tears to nasal cavity (frequently closed in newbornsopens by 1 yr usually)Tears contain mucous, antibodies, lysozyme (anti-bacterial)

M&M, fig. 16.5yuliana, fk unud, panca indra


*Eye as lens/optical deviceLight path: Cornea Anterior segment Pupil Lens Posterior segment Neural layer of retina Pigmented retinaM&M, fig. 16.7yuliana, fk unud, panca indra


*Extrinsic muscles of the right eye (lateral view)yuliana, fk unud, panca indra


*Perjalanan cahaya dari luar sampai ke retina :Cornea aqueous humor pupil lensa retina n. Opticus chiasma opticus tractus opticus corpus geniculatum laterale radiatio optica cortex penglihatan.yuliana, fk unud, panca indra


*Figure 16.5bAccessory Structures of the EyeLacrimal apparatus keeps the surface of the eye moistLacrimal gland produces lacrimal fluid Lacrimal sac fluid empties into nasal cavity yuliana, fk unud, panca indra


*Figure 16.8yuliana, fk unud, panca indra


*Sense of Hearingyuliana, fk unud, panca indra


*TELINGA (EAR)merupakan organ vestibulocochlearis (keseimbangan/equilibrium dan pendengaran/hearing)

Telinga dibagi menjadi:1. telinga luar (external ear): utk hearing2. telinga tengah (middle ear): utk hearing3. telinga dalam (internal/inner ear): utk hearing & equilibrium



*TELINGA L U A R (external ear)1. auricle (pinna) helix, concha tragus,lobule2. meatus acusticus externa hair, kel sebacea, ceruminous glands disebut jg canalis auditorius external



*Outer Ear: auricle is elastic cartilage attached to dermis, gathers soundMiddle ear: ear ossicles transmit and modulate soundInner ear: cochlea, ampullae and semicircular canals sense sound and equilibriumEar/HearingM&M, fig. 16.17yuliana, fk unud, panca indra


*Ceruminous glands secrete cerumen ear waxyuliana, fk unud, panca indra


*TELINGA TENGAH (middle ear)1. cavum tympani berisi : auditory bone (malleus, incus,stapes) berada di pars petrosa os temporalis2. membran timpani batas antara telinga luar dan tengah) membran semitransparan

Pharyngotympanic tube (auditory or eustachian tube) tuba auditiva Menghubungkan telinga tengah dan pharynx

* Auditory Ossicles (Malleus, Incus, Stapes)transmisi vibrasi (getaran suara)



*Auditory Ossicles bridge the tympanic membrane and the inner ear.yuliana, fk unud, panca indra


*Membantu mempertahankan supaya tekanan udara sama antara kedua sisi membran timpani yg sangat diperlukan utk pendengaran normal (fungsi ini bisa dirasakan ketika Anda mendengar suara pop ketika terjadi perubahan ketinggian secara cepat, misalnya take off & landing saat naik pesawat)Nasopharyngitis bisa menyebabkan OMA krn penyebaran melalui tuba ini. yuliana, fk unud, panca indra


*Figure 16.19The Middle EarEar ossicles tulang yg terkecil pd tubuh. Tdd:Malleus melekat pd membran timpaniIncus antara malleus dan stapesStapes menggetarkan oval windowyuliana, fk unud, panca indra


*Middle EarOtot-otot yg menghambat vibrasi ketika suara terlalu keras:M. Tensor tympani (pd malleus)M. Stapedius (pd stapes)M&M, fig. 16.19yuliana, fk unud, panca indra


*TELINGA DALAM (INNER EAR)Merupakan organ tulang berongga (hollow bony structures) yg diisi cairan (endolymph)Tdd organ:1. Equilibrium semicircular canals2. Hearing -- cochlea



*The Inner (Internal) EarDisebut jg labyrinthBerada di dalam pars petrosa os temporalisBony labyrinth suatu cavitas yg tdd dr 3 bagian: Semicircular canalsVestibule Cochleayuliana, fk unud, panca indra


*The Inner (Internal) EarMembranous labyrinth Tdd 3 bgn utama:Semicircular ductsUtricle and saccule Cochlear ductyuliana, fk unud, panca indra


*Perilymph separates the osseous labyrinth of the inner ear from the membranous labyrinth, which contains endolymph.yuliana, fk unud, panca indra


*Cochlea. A.) Cross section of the cochlea. B.) Organ of Corti and the tectorial membrane.yuliana, fk unud, panca indra


*TinnitusRinging or buzzing noise in the ears.Ringing, buzzing, whistling, or roaring noises in the ear). These noises may come and go or may always be present. The noises may get louder just before a vertigo attack.yuliana, fk unud, panca indra


*Otitis mediaInflammation of the middle earBacterial or viral infection occurs in the fluid buildup after a respiratory illnessyuliana, fk unud, panca indra


*Sense of Tasteyuliana, fk unud, panca indra


*LIDAH / PENGECAPMUSCULAR ORGAN DLM BASIS CV. ORISOTOT EXTRINSIK DAN INTRINSIKTDD: ORAL AND PHARYNGEAL PART SULCUS TERMINALISINNERVASI.: N. V3, IX, VIITASTE BUD PADA PAPILA



*Taste BudsFigure 16.1a, byuliana, fk unud, panca indra


*Tasteyuliana, fk unud, panca indra


*Gustatory PathwayTaste information reaches the cerebral cortexPrimarily through the facial (VII) and glossopharyngeal (IX) nervesSome taste information through the vagus nerve (X)Sensory neurons synapse in the medullaLocated in the solitary nucleusyuliana, fk unud, panca indra


*Five taste sensationsSweetfront middleSourmiddle sidesSaltyfront side/tipBitter backumamiposterior pharynxM&M, Fig. 16.1yuliana, fk unud, panca indra


*2. Gustation (Taste)Differential distribution oftaste budsTaste budsyuliana, fk unud, panca indra


*Gustation (Taste)VII ant. 2/3IX post. 1/3yuliana, fk unud, panca indra


*Cutaneousyuliana, fk unud, panca indra


KULIT / ALAT PERABAKULIT TIPIS DAN TEBALTDD.: EPIDERMIS DAN DERMISEPIDERMIS TDD. :4-5 LPS DALAM DERMIS DITEMUKAN : UJUNG SARAF,KORPUSKEL MEISSNER, PACCINIKELENJAR



*Skin (Integument)yuliana, fk unud, panca indra


*Sense of Smellyuliana, fk unud, panca indra


*HIDUNG / PEMBAUNOSE TDD.:external nose (root,dorsum,apex,nares,septum)cavum nasi / nasal cavity :respiratory areaolfactory areapengantar impulsepithelium olfactorium pada atap cavitas nasi (area olfactoria)reseptor axon kumpul jadi fila olfactoria cavitas cranii melalui forminae pd lamina cribrosa ethmoidalis bulbus olfactorius tractus olfactorius cortex cerebri area brodman 28 dan 33 / pengenalan bau.



*Olfactory receptors. A.) Columnar epithelial cells support olfactory receptor cells, which have cilia at their distal ends. B.) The olfactory area is associated with the superior nasal concha.yuliana, fk unud, panca indra


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PANCA INDRA fkg 18 apr11.ppt

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