RM an intro.

7/31/2019 RM an intro.

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RESEARCHMETHODOLOGY :

An Introduction


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Meaning Of Research

According to Redman and Mory, Researchis a systematized effort to gain new knowledge.

According to M. Stephenson, Research isthe manipulation of things, concepts or

symbols for the purpose of generalizing toextend, correct or verify knowledge, whetherthat knowledge aids in construction of theoryor in the practice of an art.


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Objectives Of

Research Exploratory or formulative research

studies

Descriptive research studies

Diagnostic research studies

Hypothesis-testing research studies


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Motivation in

Research Desire to get a research degree along with its

consequential benefits.

Desire to face the challenge in solving the unsolved

problems. Desire to get intellectual joy of doing some creative

work.

Desire to be of service to society. Desire to get respectability.


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Types Of Research

Descriptive vs. Analytical

Applied vs. Fundamental

Quantitative vs. Qualitative Conceptual vs. Empirical

One-time or Longitudinal Historical Research


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Research Approaches

Quantitative Approach

o Inferential Approach

o Experimental Approach

o Simulation Approach

Qualitative Approach


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Significance Of

Research It inculcates scientific and inductive thinking.

The role of research in several fields of appliedeconomics has greatly increased today.

It provides the basis for nearly all governmentpolicies in our economic system.

It helps in solving various operational and planningproblems of business and industry.

It helps in studying social relationships.


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Research Methods versus

Methodology

Research methods refer to the methods theresearchers use in performing research operations.

where as

In Research methodology, we not only talk of theresearch methods but also consider the logic behind

the methods we use in the context of our researchstudy and explain why we are using a particularmethod or technique so that the results are capable ofbeing evaluated.


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Importance of Knowing How

Research is Done

It helps in developing disciplined thinking or abent of mind to observe the field objectively.

It will inculcate the ability to evaluate and useresearch results with reasonable confidence.

It gives us the satisfaction of acquiring a newintellectual tool which can become a way oflooking at the world and of judging everydayexperience.


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Research Process

Formulating the research problem

Extensive literature survey

Development of working hypothesis

Preparing the research design


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Determining sample design

o

Deliberate Samplingo Simple random sampling

o Systematic sampling

o

Stratified samplingo Quota sampling

o Cluster sampling

o

Multi-stage samplingo Sequential sampling


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Collecting the data

o By observation

o Through personal interview

o Through telephone interviews

o By mailing of questionnaires

o Through schedules

Execution of the project

Analysis of data


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Hypothesis-testing

Generalizations and interpretation

Preparation of the report or the thesis

o Introduction

o Summary of findings

o Main report

o Conclusion


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Criteria of Good

Research Clearly defined purpose

Procedure should be described in sufficientdetail

Carefully planned design

Researcher should report with completefrankness.


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Problems Encountered by

Researchers in India

Lack of scientific training

Insufficient interaction

Lack of confidence

Overlapping research studies

No code of conduct for researchers


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Difficulty of adequate and timely secretarialassistance

Unsatisfactory library management andfunctioning at many places

Difficulty of timely availability of published data

Problem of conceptualization


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RM an intro.

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