SISPRO 8 Distribusi & Logistik 10 17 Nov 2015
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Transcript of SISPRO 8 Distribusi & Logistik 10 17 Nov 2015
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Distribusi & Logistik
I. Skema Sistem Distribusi
II. Distribution Centers (DC) & Warehousing
III. E-Business
IV. Distribusi
V. Mekanisme DRP
Kuliah ke-8:
HW #5: Kerjakan ulang Contoh DRP halaman 34-36 ppt ini. (tidak dikumpul)
SISTEM PRODUKSI
Kuliah ke-8: Selasa, 10-17 November 2015
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I. Skema Sistem Distribusi
Factory
Central
Supply
Distribution
Center A
Customers
Distribution
Center B
Distribution
Center C
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Distribution Inventory Objectives
To provide the required level of customer service
To minimize the cost of transportation and
handling
To interact with the factory to minimize schedulingproblems
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Distribution
Encompasses all channels, processes, and functions,
including warehousing and transportation, that a product
passes on its way to final customer
Often called logistics
Logistics
Transportation and distribution of goods and services
Driving force today is speed
Particularly important for Internet dot-coms
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Logistics
Logistics:
Refers to the movement of materials and
information within a facility and to incoming andoutgoing shipments of goods and materials in asupply chain
Logistics:
The art and science of obtaining, producing, and
distributing material and product in the proper
place and in a proper quantities.
(The Association for Operations Management)
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Contoh: Amazon.com
Jeff Bezos (1995): Amazon.com started as avirtual retailer no inventory, no warehouses,no overhead; just computers taking orders to befilled by others
Growth has forced Amazon.com to become aworld leader in warehousing and inventory
management
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Contoh:
Amazon.com
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Design for Logistics
Economic packaging and transportation Designing products that can be efficiently packed and stored
Cheaper to transport:
redesign if products cube out before they weigh out
less storage space, stack easily, ship in bulk Concurrent and parallel processingModify the manufacturing process (product design)
Steps that were performed in sequence can now be completed atthe same time
Postponement / delayed differentiationAggregate demand information is more accurate than disaggregate data:
Re-sequencing, commonality, modularity, standardization
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II. Distribution Centers (DC) &Warehousing
DCs are some of the largest business facilities in
the US
Trend is for more frequent orders in smallerquantities
Flow-through facilities and automated material
handling
Postponement final assembly and product configuration may
be done at the DC
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2.1. Warehouse Management Systems (WMS)
Highly automated system that runs day-to-day
operations of a DC
Controls item putaway, picking, packing, andshipping
Features
transportation management
order management
yard management
labor management
warehouse optimization
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Contoh: A WMS
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2.2. Postponement
Postponementmoves some final manufacturing steps like assy or individualproduct customization into warehouse or distribution center.
Examples:
HP Deskjet Printer configuration Taco Bell
Postponement of final programming of semiconductor devices Assemble to order rather than assemble to stock (Dell Computer) Bennetton Corporation producing grey stock
- Benefit: reduce lead time
- Disbenefit: create higher inventory carrying costs.
Therefore: SC members must work together to synchronize their demandforecasts and carefully manage inventory.
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2. 3. Vendor-Managed Inventory (VMI)
Manufacturers generate orders, not distributors
or retailers
Stocking information is accessed using EDI
A first step towards supply chain collaboration Increased speed, reduced errors, and improved
service
Contoh: P&G dan Wal, Dell Computer
VMI: Contoh dari mengapa database informasi
dan kolaborasi dibutuhkan.
Contoh: P&G dengan Wall-Mart, dan Dell Inc.
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Contoh VMI: P&G - Wal-Mart
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Contoh: Relationship between Facilities and
Functions along the Wal-Mart Supply Chain
Keyword: process integration, real time, share database
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2.4. Collaborative Planning, Forecasting
& Replenishment (CPFR)
Process for two or more companies in a supply chain tosynchronize their demand forecasts into a single plan tomeet customer demand
Collaborative planning, forecasting, and replenishment(CPFR) create greater economies of scale
Parties electronically exchange
past sales trends
point-of-sale data on-hand inventory scheduled promotions forecasts
CPFR membutuhkan dukungan database dari masing-
masing perusahaan yang terlibat, dan kolaborasi (kerjasama,
saling percaya, positive thinking, win-win solution).
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2.5. ERP (SCM Software)
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
Software that integrates components of a company by
sharing and organizing information and data
ERP software: SAP, Oracle, etc.
Objective ERP System:
Mengkoordinasikan keseluruhan bisnis dan informasi perusahaan,
dari evaluasi supplier sampai invoice untuk pelanggan (customers).
Kemampuan ERP:
1). Mengintegrasikan secara otomatis seluruh business processes.
2). Sharing database, dan praktek-praktek bisnis di dalam perusahaan.
3). Informasi secara real time.
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Contoh: Linking Supply Chain with SAP
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MRP and ERP Information Flows, Integrated withOther Systems
SCM
CRM
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III. E-Business
Information Technology as Supply Chain Enabler
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Illustration: RFID Capabilities
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Illustration: RFID Capabilities (cont.)
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Contoh: Build-to-Order Cars
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E-Procurement
Direct purchase from suppliers over the Internet Direct products go directly into production
process a product, indirect products not
E-marketplaces
web sites where companies and suppliersconduct business-to-business activities
Reverse auction a company posts orders on the Internet for
suppliers to bid on
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Contoh E- Procurement: Online Sourcing/
Procurement Process
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Online Sourcing/ Procurement Process (cont.)
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Online Sourcing/ Procurement Process (cont.)
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IV. Distribusi
Distribusi - Pemindahan produk atau material
antara beberapa lokasi
Manajemen Distribusi - Pengaturan material danproduk pada tempat penerimaan, penyimpanan
(store), packaging, dan pengiriman (shipment)
pesanan.
Distribution Center - Tempat menerima,menangani, menyimpan, mengepak, dan
mengirim produk.
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Distribution inventories
Permintaan pada
distribution center
uniform
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Pemesanan
distribution center
saat order point dicapai
Permintaan pada
central supply tergantung
pada saat pemesanan
dari distribution centers
ROP
Lead Time
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Klasifikasi Sistem Distribusi
1. Sistem Desentralisasi (Pull System)
Cirinya:Tiap distribution center menentukan apa &kapan pemesanan barang, dan kapan melakukan
pemesanan ke central supply. Kelebihan:Tiap center beroperasi secara bebas,
dan mengurangi biaya komunikasi dan koordinasi.
Kelemahan:Kurang koordinasi yang berdampakpada inventories, customer service, dan factory
schedules.
Sistem pemesanan:Bisa order point atau periodicreview system.
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2. Sistem Sentralisasi (Push System)
Cirinya: Semua peramalan permintaan,perencanaan dan keputusan pemesanan
dilakukan secara terpusat (oleh central supply).
Kelebihan:
Stok di pushed ke distribution centers daricentral supply
Stok terdistribusi ke seluruh centers.
Kelemahan:
Distribution centers sangat tergantung danhanya menerima pasokan dari central supply
Ada kemungkinan short supply di centers.
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V. Mekanisme DRP
(Distribution Requirement Planning)
Week 1 2 3
Planned Order Release 200 200
Week 1 2 3
Planned Order Release 100
Distribution Center A
Part 5678
Distribution Center B
Part 5678
Week 1 2 3
Gross Requirements
Scheduled Receipts
Projected Available 400
Planned Order Release
200
200
500
100
100
200
500
400
Central Supply
Part 5678
Lead Time: 2 weeks
Order Quantity: 500
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Contoh DRP
Diketahui:Pabrik mesin pemotong rumput (lawnmowers)
mempunyai central supply dan dua distribution center.
Permintaan distribution center A 25, 30, 55, 50 dan 30
unit selama 5 minggu dan mempunyai 100 unit in transit pada
minggu ke-2. Waktu transit 2 minggu, order quantity 100 unitdan ada 50 unit di tangan.
Distribution center B meramalkan permintaan 95, 85, 100, 70 dan50 unit selama 5 minggu. Waktu transit 1 minggu, order quantity200 unit, dan ada 100 unit di tangan.
Hitung:
a) Gross requirement, projected available, and planned order
release untuk kedua distribution center; dan
b) Gross requirements, projected available, dan planned order release
untuk central warehouse!
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Week 1 2 3 4 5
Gross Requirements 25 30 55 50 30
In Transit 100 100
Projected Available 50 25 95 40 90 60
Planned Order Release 100
Distribution Center A
Transit Time: 2 weeks
Order Quantity: 100 units
Week 1 2 3 4 5
Gross Requirements 95 85 100 70 50
In Transit
Projected Available 100 5 120 20 150 100
Planned Order Release 200 200
Distribution Center B
Transit Time: 1 week
Order Quantity: 200 units
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Week 1 2 3 4 5
Gross Requirements 200 100 200
Scheduled Receipts
Projected Available 400 200 100 400
Planned Order Release 500
Central Supply
Lead Time: 2 weeks
Order Quantity: 500 units
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THANK YOU