SPM Biology Tingkatan 4,5_paper2_20121206113421 Ch 1 f5

7/27/2019 SPM Biology Tingkatan 4,5_paper2_20121206113421 Ch 1 f5

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This question paper consists of two sections: Section A and Section B.

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi dua bahagian: Bahagian A dan Bahagian B.

Section A

Bahagian A

[60 marks]

[60 markah]

Answerall questions in this section.

Jawab semuasoalan dalam bahagian ini.

1. Diagram below shows a cross section of the stem of a dicotyledonous plant.

Rajah di bawah menunjukkan keratan rentas batang tumbuhan dikotiledon.

Diagram /Rajah

(a) Give two characteristics which show that this is a section of the stem of a dicotyledonous plant.

Berikan dua ciri yang menunjukkan bahawa keratan batang ini adalah tumbuhan dikotiledon.

1. _____________________________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________________________[2 marks/2 markah]

(b) (i) Name the parts labelled A, B, C, D and E in Diagram above.

Namakan bahagian-bahagian yang berlabelA, B, C, D, dan Epada Rajah di atas.

[2 marks/2 markah]

(ii) State the functions of the parts labelled A, B and C.

Nyatakan fungsi bahagian yang berlabelA, B, dan C.

A: __________________________________________________________________________________

B: __________________________________________________________________________________

C: __________________________________________________________________________________[3 marks/3 markah]

(c) Draw a diagram to show a cross section of the root of a dicotyledonous plant.

Lukis satu rajah untuk menunjukkan keratan rentas akar tumbuhan dikotiledon.

[2 marks/2 markah]

2. Diagram below shows the structure of the root of a dicotyledonous plant.Rajah di bawah menunjukkan struktur akar bagi satu tumbuhan dikotiledon.

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DIAGRAM /RAJAH

(a) Name the parts labelled E, F, G and H in Diagram above.

Namakan struktur yang berlabelE, F, G dan H dalam Rajah di bawah.

[2 marks/2 markah]

(b) (i) Which part in Diagram above transports water and mineral salts?

Struktur manakah dalam Rajah di atas yang mengangkut air dan garam mineral?

__________________________________________________________________________________[1 mark/1 markah]

(ii) Briefly describe an experiment to verify your answer in (b)i.

Huraikan secara ringkas suatu eksperimen untuk mengesahkan jawapan anda di (b)i.

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

[2 marks/2 markah]

(iii

)

Name the driving force for transporting water and mineral salts.

Namakan daya yang terlibat dalam pengangkutan air dan garam mineral.

__________________________________________________________________________________

[1 mark/1 markah]

(c) (i) Which part in Diagram above transports organic nutrients (food)?

Bahagian manakah dalam Rajah di bawah yang mengangkut nutrien organik(makanan)?

__________________________________________________________________________________

[1 mark/1 markah]

(ii) Name the transport process of organic nutrients.Namakan proses pengangkutan nutrien organik.

__________________________________________________________________________________

[1 mark/1 markah]

(iii

)

State the path in the transport of organic nutrients from the source to the destination.

Nyatakan laluan pengangkutan nutrien organik dari sumber ke destinasinya.

__________________________________________________________________________________

[1 mark/1 markah]

(d) Diagram below shows a transverse section of the dicotyledonous stem. Label F and G in the correct boxes.Rajah di bawah menunjukkan keratan rentas batang dikotiledon. Labelkan strukturF dan G dalam kotak yang

betul.

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DIAGRAM /RAJAH

[2 marks/2 markah]

(e) Explain why do plants need a transportation system.

Terangkan mengapa tumbuhan memerlukan suatu sistem pengangkutan.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

[2 marks/2 markah]

3. Diagram below shows a section through the left side of the human heart, as seen from the front. The arrows show thedirection of blood flow.

Rajah di bawah menunjukkan suatu keratan bahagian kiri jantung manusia. Anak panah menunjukkan arah pengaliran

darah.

DIAGRAM /RAJAH

(a) Complete Table above by naming vessels V1 and V2, chambers C1 and C2, and valves D1 and D2.

Lengkapkan Jadual di atas dengan menamakan salurV1 dan V2, ruangC1 dan C2, dan injap D1 dan D2.

TABLE /JADUAL

[6 marks/6 markah]

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(b) The human heart in Diagram above is undergoing a systole.

Jantung dalam Rajah di atas sedang mengalami sistol.

(i) What is a systole?

Apakah sistol?

__________________________________________________________________________________

[1 mark/1 markah]

(ii) Give two features of valves D1 and D2 in Diagram above which show the systole.Berikan dua ciri injap D1 dan D2 dalam Rajah di atas yang menunjukkan sistol.

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

[2 marks/2 markah]

(c) Blood which leaves V1 is bright red, but it turns dark red as it circulates through the human body.

Darah yang mengalir keluar dari V1 berwarna merah cerah, tetapi bertukar menjadi merah gelap semasa darah

mengalir melalui badan manusia.

(i) Explain why the blood which leaves V1 is bright red in colour.

Terangkan mengapa darah yang mengalir keluar dari V1 berwarna merah cerah.

__________________________________________________________________________________

[2 marks/2 markah]

(ii) Explain why the blood turns dark red as it circulates through the human body.

Terangkan mengapa darah bertukar menjadi merah gelap semasa darah mengalir melalui badan manusia.

__________________________________________________________________________________

[2 marks/2 markah]

(d) The normal blood pressure in a human is 120/80 mm Hg. Explain the two numbers.

Tekanan darah normal dalam seorang manusia adalah 120/80 mm Hg.Jelaskan dua nombor tersebut.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

[2 marks/2 markah]

4. Diagram below shows left half of the human heart.

Rajah di bawah menunjukkan bahagian kiri jantung manusia.

Diagram /Rajah

(a) (i) Complete Diagram above by drawing the right half of the heart and labelling the drawn parts.

Lengkapkan Rajah di atas dengan melukis bahagian kanan jantung dan labelkan bahagian yang dilukis.

[4 marks/4 markah](ii) Draw arrows in Diagram above to show the flow of blood in the heart, following the instructions given below.

Lukis anak panah pada Rajah di atas untuk menunjukkan arah aliran darah di dalam jantung berdasarkan

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arahan yang diberikan di bawah.

Draw complete arrows () to represent oxygenated blood.

Lukis anak panah lengkap() untuk mewakili darah beroksigen.

Draw broken arrows (---->) to represent deoxygenated blood.

Lukis anak panah putus-putus (---->) untuk mewakili darah terdeoksigen.

[2 marks/2 markah]

(b) Which of the chambers of the human heart has the thickest wall?

Ruang jantung manusia yang manakah yang mempunyai dinding yang paling tebal?

________________________________________________________________________________________

[1 mark/1 markah]

(c) Explain the purpose of this thick wall.

Jelaskan tujuan dinding yang tebal ini.

________________________________________________________________________________________

[1 mark/1 markah]

(d) The pulse can be felt with the fingers at the arteries around the wrist and neck. What is pulse?

Denyutan nadi boleh dirasai dengan jari pada arteri di sekeliling pergelangan tangan dan leher. Apakah denyutan

nadi?

________________________________________________________________________________________[1 mark/1 markah]

(e) Explain how blood flows towards the heart under low pressure.

Jelaskan bagaimana darah mengalir ke jantung di bawah tekanan rendah.

________________________________________________________________________________________

[1 mark/1 markah]

5. Diagram below shows a potometer that is used to investigate the effect of air movement on the rate of transpiration of a

plant.

Rajah di bawah menunjukkan sebuah photometer yang digunakan untuk mengkaji kesan pergerakan air kepada kadartranspirasi tumbuhan.

Diagram/Rajah

(a) What is the function of the potometer?

Apakah fungsi photometer?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

[1 mark/1 markah]

(b) What is the assumption made in this experiment?

Apakah andaian yang dibuat dalam eksperimen ini?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

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_____________________________________________________________________________________

[1 mark/1 markah]

The results of the experiment are shown in Table below.

Keputusan eksperimen ditunjukkan dalam Jadual di bawah.

ConditionKeadaan

Distance travelled

by the air bubble

in 5 minutes (cm)Jarak yang dilalui

oleh gelembung

udara dalam masa

5 minit(cm)

Rate of

transpiration

(cm min-1)Kadar

transpirasi(cm

min-1)

Windy (fast-

moving fan)

Berangin

(kipas

berputar laju)

9.5

Non-windy

(still air)Tidak

berangin

(udara yang

statik)

3.0

Table/Jadual

(c) Calculate the rate of transpiration and complete the table shown above.

Kira kadar transpirasi dan lengkapkan jadual di atas.

[2 marks/2 markah]

(d) What is the conclusion, based on the results of the experiment?

Apakah kesimpulan yang boleh dibuat berdasarkan kepada keputusan keputusan eksperimen?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

[2 marks/2 markah]

(e) State three other environmental factors that would increase the rate of transpiration.

Nyatakan tigafaktor persekitaran lain yang akan meningkatkan kadar transpirasi?

1. __________________________________________________________________________________

2. __________________________________________________________________________________

3. __________________________________________________________________________________

[3 marks/3 markah]

(f) Explain how one of the factors that you mentioned in (e) affects the rate of transpiration.

Jelaskan bagaimana salah satu faktor yang anda nyatakan di (e) mempengaruhi kadar transpirasi.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

[1 mark/1 markah]

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Section B

Bahagian B

[40 marks]

[40 markah]

Answer any two questions from this section.

Jawab mana-mana duasoalan daripada bahagian ini.

6. Diagram below shows blood cell P and blood cell Q which can be found in the blood plasma.

Rajah di bawah menunjukkan sel darah P dan sel darah Q yang boleh didapati di dalam plasma darah.

Diagram/Rajah

(a) Show, by means of a table, how blood cell P and blood cell Q differ in structure and function.

Tunjukkan dengan menggunakan jadual, bagaimana sel darah P berbeza dari segi struktur dan fungsi dengan sel

darah Q.

[6 marks/6 markah]

(b) Blood cell Q plays an important role in the bodys defence mechanism. With the aid of a labelled diagram, explain

how blood cell Q carries out its function.

Sel darah Q memainkan peranan yang penting dalam mekanisma pertahanan badan. Dengan bantuan gambarajah

berlabel, jelaskan bagaimana sel darah Q menjalankan fungsinya.

[4 marks/4 markah]

(c) Humans have a closed and complete double circulation.

Manusia mempunyai sistem peredaran darah yang

lengkap tertutup dan dua hala.

i. Explain what is meant by double circulation.

Jelaskan apakah maksud sistem peredaran darah dua hala.

[6 marks/6 markah]

ii. Compare the circulatory systems of a human and an amphibian.

Bandingkan antara sistem peredaran darah manusia dan amfibia.

[4 marks/4 markah]

7. Diagram below is an incomplete cycle showing how the lymphatic system returns the interstitial fluid to the circulatory

system jointly with the circulatory system in our bodies. W, X, Y and Z are parts of the lymphatic system or the

circulatory system.Rajah di bawah adalah kitar tidak lengkap yang menunjukkan bagaimana sistem limfa mengembalikan cecair interstis

ke sistem peredaran yang bergabung dengan sistem peredaran dalam badan kita. W, X, Y, dan Z adalah bahagian-

bahagian sistem limfa atau sistem peredaran.

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Diagram/Rajah

(a) Complete the diagram by identifying the parts labelled W, X, Y and Z in the cycle.

Lengkapkan rajah dengan mengenal pasti bahagian berlabelW, X, Y, dan Z dalam kitar ini.

[4 marks/markah](b) Based on the completed cycle in (a), explain briefly how the interstitial fluid is formed and how it is returned to the

blood circulatory system.

Berdasarkan kitar lengkap di (a), terangkan secara ringkas bagaimana cecair interstis terbentuk dan bagaimana

cecair interstis dikembalikan ke sistem peredaran darah.

[16 marks/markah]

8. (a) Explain how oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported by the blood.

Jelaskan bagaimana oksigen dan karbon dioksida diangkut oleh darah.

[10 marks/10 markah]

(b) Describe the main components of mammalian blood.

Terangkan komponen utama darah mamalia.

[10 marks/10 markah]

9. Diagram below shows a type of plant tissue.

Rajah di bawah menunjukkan sejenis tisu tumbuhan.

Diagram/Rajah

(a) i. What are the functions of the tissues?

Apakah fungsi tisu tisu tersebut?

[2 marks/2 markah]

ii. Based on the diagram shown above, describe how the tissues are adapted for their functions.

Berdasarkan rajah di atas, jelaskan bagaimana tisu tisu tersebut diadaptasi untuk

menjalankan fungsi mereka?

[8 marks/8 markah](b) What is the importance of transpiration to the plants?

Apakah kepentingan proses transpirasi kepada tumbuhan?

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[2 marks/2 markah]

(c) Discuss the factors that affect the rate of transpiration.

Bincangkan faktor faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar transpirasi.

[8 marks/8 markah]

Jawapan

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SMK KHIR

JOHARI

SPM Biology Tingkatan 4,5 - latihan p2 chapter 1 form 5 Kertas 2

1. (a) 1. Large pith at the centre of the stem

2. Cylindrical arrangement of vascular bundles/vascular tissues in bundles

(b) (i) A: Xylem

B: Phloem

C: EpidermisD: Cortex

E: Cambium

(ii) A: Transport water and mineral

B: Transport food/sugars and amino acids

C: Protection/Reduce water loss

(c)

2.(a) E: Cortex/Korteks

F: Phloem/Floem

G: Xylem/Xilem

H: Root hair/Akar rambut

(b) i. G

ii. Place a plant in water containing a dye. Examine sections of the root and find out where thedye is.

It should be in the xylem.

Letakkan sebatang pokok di dalam air yang mengandungi pewarna. Perhatikan bahagian

akar dan

cari kawasan yang berwarna. Pewarna mewarnakan xilem.

iii. Transpirational pull

Tarikan transpirasi

(c) i. F

ii. Translocation/Translokasi

iii. Food is manufactured in the leaves and then transported along the phloem to the different

parts of the plant(stem, roots, etc.) where it is required.

Makanan dihasilkan di dalam daun dan kemudian diangkut di sepanjang floem ke bahagian-

bahagian

yang berbeza pada tumbuhan (batang, akar, sebagainya) di mana makanan diperlukan.

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(e) In higher level of plants and animals, the sites of absorption and synthesis are very specific and

separated

by a greater distance from the other parts of the body. Thus, they need a transport system.

Dalam tumbuhan dan haiwan peringkat tinggi, tapak penyerapan dan sintesis adalah sangat

spesifik dan

dipisahkan dengan jarak yang jauh antara bahagianbahagian yang berlainan pada tubuh.

Justeru itu,

mereka memerlukan sistem pengangkutan.

3.

(b) i. The contraction of the ventricles

Pengecutan ventrikel

ii. D1 is pushed open; D2 is forced to close

D1 ditolak terbuka; D2 dipaksa tutup

(c) i. It is oxygenated blood which is carried back from the lungs via V1.

Darah tersebut adalah darah beroksigen yang dibawa kembali daripada paru-paru melalui

V1.ii. The oxygen in the blood is replaced with carbon dioxide.

Oksigen dalam darah digantikan dengan karbon dioksida.

(d) 120 mm Hg represents the pressure when the ventricles contract.

120 mm Hg mewakili tekanan semasa ventrikel mengecut.

80 mm Hg indicates the pressure when the ventricles relax.

80 mm Hg menunjukkan tekanan semasa ventrikel mengendur.

4.(a) i. & ii.

(b) Left ventricle

(c) Left ventricle has to pump blood to all parts of the body.

(d) A series of pressure waves within an artery caused by the contractions of the left ventricle

corresponding with the rate of the heartbeat.(e) Assisted by veins which contain valves which permit blood to fl ow only towards the heart.

Many veins are found between the large muscles of legs and thighs. The veins are squeezed fl at

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whenever these muscles contract. This action forces the blood to fl ow towards the heart.

5. (a) To measure the rate of water intake by an isolated leafy shoot

Untuk mengukur kadar pengambilan air oleh pucuk berdaun yang terasing

(b) The rate of water intake is the same as the rate of transpiration

Kadar pengambilan air adalah sama dengan kadar transpirasi

(c) Windy = 1.90 cm min-1

Berangin = 1.90 cm min-1

Non-windy = 0.60 cm min

-1

Tidak berangin = 0.60 cm min-1

(d) The faster the movement of air is, the greater the rate of transpiration will be.

Semakin cepat pergerakan udara, semakin besar kadar transpirasi.

(e) 1. The intensity of light

Keamatan cahaya

2. The temperature

Suhu

3. The relative humidity

Kelembapan relatif

(f) An increase in temperature increases the rate of transpiration

Peningkatan suhu meningkatkan kadar transpirasi

6.(a)

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(b)

A neutrophil is attracted by chemicals and moves towards a bacterium [1m]Neutrofil ditarik oleh bahan kimia dan bergerak mendekati bakteria.

The neutrophil surrounds and binds itself to the bacterium [1m]

Neutrofil mengelilingi dan mengikat dirinya kepada bakteria.

The neutrophil engulfs and ingests the bacterium to form a phagocytic vacoule [1m]

Neutrofil menelan bakteria untuk membentuk vakuol fagosit.

Enzymes are released into the vacoule to break down the bacterium. The bacterium is destroyed

[1m]

Enzim dilepaskan ke dalam vakuol untuk memecahkan bakteria. Bakteria dimusnahkan.

(c) i. In a double circulation, blood passes through the heart twice. [1 m]

Dalam peredaran ganda dua, darah melalui jantung dua kali.

It consists of a high pressure systemic circulation and a low pressure pulmonary circulation.

[1 m]

Ia terdiri daripada peredaran sistemik yang bertekanan tinggi dan peredaran pulmonari

yang bertekanan rendah.

In the systemic circulation, oxygenated blood is distributed to all parts of the body from the

heart via the aorta. [1 m]

Dalam peredaran sistemik, darah beroksigen diedarkan ke semua bahagian badan dari

jantung melalui aorta.

Deoxygenated blood from the body is carried back to the heart by veins. [1 m]

Darah terdeoksigen dari badan diangkut / dibawa semula ke jantung melalui vena.

In the pulmonary circulation, deoxygenated blood is pumped to the lungs via the pulmonary

arteries. [1 m]

Dalam peredaran pulmonari, darah terdeoksigen dipam ke peparu melalui arteri pulmonari.

Oxygenated blood from the lungs is carried back to the heart through the pulmonary veins. [1

m] Darah beroksigen dari peparu diangkut / dibawa semula ke jantung melalui vena

pulmonari.

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ii.

7.(a) W: Aorta

X: Lymphatic capillaries

Y: Larger lymphatic vessels

Z: Vena cava [4 m]

(b) Oxygenated blood that enters the arterial end of the capillaries is under high pressure. [1 m]

The high pressure forces the fluid to leak out through the walls of the capillaries into the

spaces between

the cells or the interstitial spaces. [1 m]

The fluid which leaks out into the spaces is called the interstitial fluid. [1 m]

The interstitial fluid contains water, dissolved nutrients, hormones, waste products, respiratory

gasesand small proteins from the blood plasma. [1 m]

It does not contain erythrocytes and plasma proteins as they are too large to pass through walls

of the

capillaries, so they remain in the capillaries. [1 m]

The human lymphatic system consists of the lymph capillaries, lymph vessels and lymph

nodes. [1 m]

This system receives interstitial fluid from the spaces and returns the fluid to the human

circulatory

system. [1 m]

The interstitial fluid will first go into the lymph capillaries. [1 m]

This fluid is now known as lymph, which is a transparent yellowish fluid. [1 m]

The lymph capillaries join to form larger lymphatic vessel, which have valves to prevent the

backflow of

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[1 m]

3. Platelets

Platelets are tiny cell fragments with no nucleus. [1 m]

Platelets are involved in blood clotting process. [1 m]

[1 m]

9.(a) i. Xylem vessels are essential for transporting water and mineral salts from the roots to the

shoot. [1 m]

Vesel xilem penting untuk pengangkutan air dan garam mineral dari akar ke pucuk.

ii. Xylem

Xilem

The vessels are elongated cells arranged end to end and this allows water to flow in acontinuous column. [1 m]

Vesel adalah sel memanjang yang disusun hujung ke hujung dan ini membenarkan air

mengalir dalam kolum secara berterusan.

The end walls of the vessels have broken down in the pits and this allows water to pass from

cell to cell. [1 m]

Dinding hujung vesel telah dipecahkan dalam pit, dan ini membenarkan air dan garam

mineral melepasi dari satu sel ke satu sel.

The side walls of the xylem vessels are perforated by pits, which allow water and mineral salts

to pass sideways. [1 m]

Dinding sisi vesel xilem yang berlubang dengan pit, yang mana membenarkan air dan garam

mineral melalui sisi.

The lignified walls prevent the xylem vessels from collapsing under the great tension forces setup by the transpirational pull. [1 m]

Dinding yang berlignin mengelakkan vesel xilem daripada runtuh di bawah daya tegangan

yang kuat yang diwujudkan oleh tarikan transpirasi.

The narrowness of the lumen of the xylem vessels increases the capillarity forces. [1 m]

Kesempitan lumen vesel xilem meningkatkan daya kapilari.

Phloem

Floem

The sieve tubes of the phloem tissues are cylindrical columns of long cells arranged end to end

to form a continuous tube and this allows uninterrupted flow of organic substances. [1 m]

Tiub tapisan tisu floem adalah kolum yang berbentuk silinder sel panjang yang disusun hujung

ke hujung untuk membentuk tiub berterusan dan ini membenarkan aliran bahan-bahan organik

tanpa gangguan. The sieve tubes have little cytoplasm, no nuclei and few organelles which allow more space for

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the transport of organic substances. [1 m]

Tiub tapisan mempunyai sedikit sitoplasma, tidak mempunyai nukleus dan beberapa organel

yang membenarkan lebih banyak ruang bagi pengangkutan bahan organik.

The end walls of the sieve tubes are perforated to form sieve plates, which make it easier for

substances to pass from one cell to another. [1 m]

Dinding hujung tiub tapisan ini adalah berlubang untuk membentuk plat tapisan, yang mana

membuatkannya lebih senang melepasi dari satu sel ke satu sel yang lain.

(b) Helps in the transport of water and mineral ions through the xylem vessels from the roots todifferent parts of the plant [1 m]

Membantu dalam pengangkutan air dan ion mineral melalui vesel xilem dari akar ke

bahagian lain tumbuhan

Produces a cooling effect in the plants [1 m]

Menghasilakn kesan penyejukan dalam tumbuhan

Helps to prevent plants from wilting by maintaining cell turgidity [1 m]

Membantu mencegah tumbuhan daripada layu dengan mengekalkan kesegahan sel.

Maximum/Maksimum = 2 m

(c) 1. Light intensity

Keamatan cahaya The rate of transpiration increases when light intensity increases. [1 m]

Kadar transpirasi meningkat apabila keamatan cahaya meningkat.

In daylight, the stomata of the leaves are open. [1 m]

Pada hari siang, stomata daun terbuka.

This allows the water vapour to diffuse out into the atmosphere. [1 m]

Ini membenarkan wap air meresap ke dalam atmosfera.

At night, the stomata close. The rate of transpiration is greatly decreased. [1 m]

Pada waktu malam, stomata tutup. Kadar transpirasi adalah sangat merosot / menurun.

2. Air movement

Pergerakan udara

The moving air will sweep the water vapour away from the leaf as fast as it diffuses out. [1

m]Udara yang bergerak akan menyapu semua wap air jauh daripada daun secepat ia

meresap keluar.

Hence, as the speed of wind increases, the rate of transpiration also increases. [1 m]

Maka, sebagaimana meningkatnya kelajuan angin, kadar transpirasi juga akan turut

meningkat.

3. Relative humidity

Kelembapan relatif

On the days of high humidity, the air is saturated with water vapour. [1 m]

Pada hari yang kelembapannya tinggi, udara adalah tepu dengan wap air.

This prevents the evaporation of water through the stomata, thus reducing the rate of

transpiration. [1 m]

Ini mencegah penyejatan air melalui stomata, dengan itu mengurangkan kadartranspirasi.

On days of low humidity, the air is dry. This increases the rate of transpiration. [1 m]

Pada hari yang kelembapannya rendah, udara adalah kering. Ini meningkatkan kadar

trasnpirasi.

4. Temperature

Suhu

At high temperatures, the kinetic energy of the water molecules increases. [1 m]

Pada suhu tinggi, tenaga kinetik molekul air meningkat.

This makes the water molecules move out of the leaf more quickly. [1 m]

Ini membuatkan molekul air bergerak keluar dari daun dengan lebih cepat.

Low temperature reduces the rate of water loss as the above processes are reversed. [1 m]

Suhu yang rendah mengurangkan kadar kehilangan air sebagaimana proses di atas

adalah berbalik.

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Maximum/Maksimum = 8 m

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SPM Biology Tingkatan 4,5_paper2_20121206113421 Ch 1 f5

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Transcript of SPM Biology Tingkatan 4,5_paper2_20121206113421 Ch 1 f5