Sumber Energy untuk Sistim Pembangkit Daya_Coal etc Feb08 Kuliah II.ppt

7/29/2019 Sumber Energy untuk Sistim Pembangkit Daya_Coal etc Feb08 Kuliah II.ppt

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Kuliah Pembangkitan Daya

Departemen Teknik Mesin FTUI

Februari 2008

Kuliah II


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Table of contents

Introduction

Resource status

Coal Characterization Development status

Coal Preparation for Power Generation

Coal Policy

Conclusion

References


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Introduction

In a Coal-Burning Power Plant

Coal is burned in a boiler to heatwater to make steam. Under highpressure, the steam turns a series offan-like wheels connected to a turbine

shaft. The spinning turbine drives thegenerator.

The generator has two maincomponents: a rotating magnet calledthe "rotor" which turns insidestationary coils of copper wire called

the "stator." When the rotor rotatesthrough the magnetic field, itgenerates a flow of current throughthe copper coils of the stator.


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Introduction & Coal Characterization

What is Coal?Coal is a combustible, sedimentary, organic rock(composed primarily of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen)formed from vegetation, which has been consolidatedbetween other rock strata to form coal seams, and alteredby the combined effects of microbial action, pressure andheat over a considerable time period.

Why Coal is so important to everyday life?Coal is the world's most abundant, safe and secure fossil

fuel- it is also clean and cost-effective.What are the components of coal?

coal, an organic deposit, is made up of organic grainscalled macerals which separated into three maceralgroups, each of which are composed of several maceraltypes. These groups are liptinite, vitrinite, and inertiniteand are defined according to their grayness in reflectedlight: liptinites are dark gray, vitrinites are medium tolight gray, and inertinites are white and can be very bright.

Liptinites were made up of hydrogen-rich hydrocarbonsderived from spores, pollens, cuticles, and resins in theoriginal plant material. Vitrinites were made up of wood,bark, and roots and contained less hydrogen than theliptinites. Inertinites are mainly oxidation products of theother macerals and are consequently richer in carbon.The inertinite group includes fusinite, most of which isfossil charcoal, derived from ancient peat fires.


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Types of CoalAccording to the fixed carbon (FC) and heating value (HV) there are:Meta-antracite coal is a high-carbon coal that approach graphite structure and composition.Anthracite coal, called hard coal, is hard, compact, and shiny black.Semianthracite coal is dense but softer than anthracite.

Low-volatile bituminous coalis grayish black, granular in structure and friable in handling.Medium-volatile bituminous coalis an intermediate stage between low-volatile bituminous coal and high-volatile bituminous coal. Some are fairly soft and friable, but others are hard and not disintegrate onhandling.

High-volatile A bituminous coalhas distinct bands of varying luster. It is hard and handles well with littlebreakage.

High-volatile B bituminous coalis similar to high-volatile A bituminous coal but has slightly higher bedmoisture and oxygen content.

High-volatile C bituminous coalis a stage lower in rank than the high-volatile B bituminous coal and

therefore has a progressive higher bed moisture and oxygen content.Subbituminous coalhas high moisture content, and on exposure to air, they disintegrate because of

shrinkage from loss of moisture. Their primary use is for steam raising and space heating.Lignites coal is brown to black in color and have a bed moisture content of 30 to 45%. Like

Subbituminous coals, they disintegrate because of shrinkage from loss of moisture (air drying).

Introduction


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Introduction


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Clasification of Coals by Rank


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Name Volatiles % C Carbon %HHydrogen %

O Oxygen % S Sulfur %CalorContent

kJ/kgBraunkohle(Lignite)

45-65 60-75 6.0-5.8 34-17 0.5-3 9.8 ~1


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Resource statusIndonesian Coal Resources by Rank


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Resource status

Major Indonesian Coal Deposits


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Development statusDevelopment in Java-Bali System
http://www.aseanenergy.org/energy_sector/electricity/indonesia/500kv_devt_enlarged.htm


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Development status

Low Voltage Map in Java-Bali System
http://www.aseanenergy.org/energy_sector/electricity/indonesia/low_voltage_map_enlarged.htm


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Operating Coal Mines

Development status


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Power Plant


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Effect in coal-fueled industy


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Coal Preparation for Power

Generation

Powder: Fine coal -28 mesh or 100 mesh (0.6 mm or 0.15mm)

Coal Crushing:

Depending upon the mining technique, the top size of as-mined coal can vary from 6-in (152-mm) to over 24-in (600-mm) diameter. In contrast, most utilities require coal receiptsto be about 3/4-in to 2-in (18.8- to 50.8-mm) top size to reducecoal handling system requirements.

Coal sizing is accomplished by using screens, sieves, andcyclones. Dry screening is accomplished at relatively coarsesizes, greater than % or '/Z in (6.35 or 12.7 mm). This dryscreening is much less efficient than wet screening. Bothhorizontal and inclined wet vibrating screens


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Coal Crusher


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Coal Transportation & Handling Transportation:

Water Transportation

Ground Transport Handling:

Activities at power station, coal receipt, weighing &sampling, dust control, freeze control, conveying &

storage in stockpiles & bunkers


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Coal PolicySome of the national programs and policies which the coal sector will be making avaluable contribution to are:

Generalo Increasing employment opportunities and alleviating povertyo Bringing economic and social development to more remote areaso Developing a significant new export industryEnergy Specifico Adding to the diversity of energy resource use and its sustained developmento Assisting in the intensified search for additional energy resourceso Applying the principle of following the market mechanism in energy pricing

o Producing, transporting and utilizing energy resources with due care to theenvironmento Applying the principle of conservation in the exploitation and use of energy


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Conclusion

o Indonesia is in 3rd rank in resource of coal (until 1998) of the world afterAustralia and China. It is because the geographical effect of each country.

o The next step is how the government maximizes the process of using coalby our own Indonesian hand. It is also to decrease the unemployment inIndonesia, bringing economic and social development to more remoteareas and to Developing a significant new export industry.

o Although coal is included in primary energy, we have also consideredabout the environmental effect of the combusted coal that producepollutant to our live. Not only for human, but also all element of this

world.


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References:o www.google.com

o www.aseanenergy.org

o www.indonext.com

o smtc.uwyo.edu

o www.energia.co.jp

o 10th Edition, Standard Handbook for Mechanical Eng.


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DiskusiApa yang diketahui tentang kondisi coal di Indonesia

Harga?

Nilai kalor?

Sejauh mana masyarakat memandang batu bara sebagaifuel untuk power generation

Bagaimana tentang Briket?

Institusi mana di Indonesia yang menanganipenelitian Coal ini?

Dan lainnya.

Sumber Energy untuk Sistim Pembangkit Daya_Coal etc Feb08 Kuliah II.ppt

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