PEMBELAJARAN BERASASKAN ELEKTRONIK DAN WEB

KPT 6044

TUGASAN 4

PEMBACAAN DAN PENILAIAN KENDIRI MERUJUK TEKS

CHAPTER 3

INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGY AND MEDIA INTO INSTRUCTION :

THE ASSURE MODEL

DISEDIAKAN OLEH;

MOHD NUSI BIN SIBULAH

M20121000786

PENSYARAH;

PROF MADYA DATO’ DR. ABD LATIF B HJ GHAPOR

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CHAPTER THREE

INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGY AND MEDIA INTO INSTRUCTION : THE ASSURE MODEL

Question 1

What are the primary types of criteria used to analyze learners ?

The ASSURE Model is an Instructional System design process that was modified to be

used by teachers in the regular classroom. The process is one in which the teachers and trainers

can use to design and develop the most appropriate learning environment for their students.

Teachers also can use this process in writing lesson plans and in improving teaching and

learning.

It consist of six steps namely :

1. A – Analyze Learners

2. S – State Objectives

3. S – Select Methods, Media and Materials

4. U – Utilize Media and Materials

5. R – Require Learner Participation

6. E – Evaluate and Revise

The first step is Analyze Learners. Before we can begin, we must know our target

audience which is our students. We need to analyze and write down the relevant information

about our students. Thus, the primary types of criteria used to analyze learners are consist of

Identify Learners, Investigate their General Characteristics, Analyze their Specific Entry

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Competencies and Identify the suitable Learning Style according to their characteristics. Further

explanation is presented as per table below ( Figure 1.1 ).

No Criteria Explanation1 Identify Learners The first step is to specifically define the    audience. We must know the learners since    we are to select the best strategies to    meet the objectives that we have set. It is    related to the question of who are your    students? While this seems to be common    sense, but this step is important to mention    because keeping our students in mind

   will help to ensure that we can work diligently

    to find materials and resources that will be

   most appropriate and useful to students.

2 General Characteristics This is description of the class as a whole. It   includes such information as the number of   students, region, grade, age, ethnic group,   sex, mental, emotional, physical, social    problem or socioeconomic level. It can help     teachers to select the method or materials of     teaching according to characteristics of their

   students.

3Specific Entry Competencies

This is a description of the types of knowledge

  expected of the learners. It is include prior

 knowledge, Skills and attitudes. Ask question

  such as Do the learners have the knowledge   base required to enter the lesson ? Do the   learners have the entry competencies and

 technical vocabulary for this lesson ? Have the

  learners already mastered the skills you are

 planning to teach ? Do the learners have biases

    or misconceptions about the subject ?

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4 Learning Style This is a description of the learning stylistics   preferences of the individual members of the

 class. It can be include verbal, logical, visual,

 musical or structured. Students have their own

 learning style. Individuals learning style refer to

  the most appropriate and effective learning

   control. Knowledge of learning style can help

   teachers to write the lesson plan.

Figure 1.1 : Types of Criteria used to analyze learners

Question 2

Why are learning objectives an important aspect of lesson planning ?

The learning objective is important aspect of lesson planning because objectives was

indicated as learning outcomes, that is what will the student get out of the lesson . Therefore

it is important to clearly and specifically state objectives of the lesson. Thus, the objectives also

must be in specific. Besides, objectives statement also can help teachers in selecting the

appropriate of media and teaching method to be use. Teachers may not be able to assess student

achievement without the learning objectives.

The objectives statement is describing on what the learner will do as a result of

instruction. Things to keep in mind as we write the objectives are should focus on the learner, not

the teacher, use behaviors that reflect real world concerns and also must ensure the objectives are

descriptions of the learning outcomes and are written using ABCD format. In this regard, a good

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objective statement contains the criteria of Who is to be achieve ? What you want to achieve ?

How to achieve ? and What is minimum level of achievement ? Or it can be presented in ABCD

format which are consist of :

1. A – Audience

It is refer to who is the audience in which specifies the learners for whom the objective is

intended. Therefore, a major premise of systematic instruction is to focus on what the learner is

doing, not on what is the teacher is doing.

2. B – Behavior

It is refer to what do you want them to do ? The behavior or capability needs to be demonstrated

as learner performance, an observable, measurable behavior or a real – world skill.

3. C – Condition

It is refer to under what circumstances or conditions are the learners to demonstrate the skill

being taught ? Here, be sure to include equipment, tools, aids or references the learner may or

may not use or special environmental conditions in which the learner has to perform. Therefore,

a statement of objective should include the conditions under which performance is to be

observed, if such conditions are relevant.

4. D – Degree

The final requirement of a well – stated objectives is to indicate the standard by which acceptable

performance will be judge. It is refer to how well do you want them to demonstrate their mastery

? Degree to which the new skill must be mastered or the criterion for acceptable performance

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which is include time limit, range of accuracy, proportion of correct responses required and

qualitative standards.

Besides, learning objective is important because the selection of instructional

methods and media depend on what type of objective is being pursued and so does the

choice of evaluation instruments. The three domain on classification of objectives are :

1. Cognitive – Learning involves the whole array of intellectual capabilities from simple

factual recall to the generation of new theories.

2. Affective – Learning involves feelings and values. Objectives in the affective domain

may range from stimulating interest in a school subject to encouraging healthy social

attitudes to adopting a set of ethical standards.

3. Motor Skill – Learning involves athletic, manual and other such physical skills.

Objectives in the motor skill domain include capabilities ranging from simple mechanical

operations to those entailing sophisticated neuromuscular coordination and strategy as in

competitive sports.

Question 3

Describe methods of eliciting student participation when using technology and media

during instruction.

The methods of eliciting student participation when using technology and media

during instruction are :

1. In order to get each learner actively and individually involved in the lesson,

teachers can use the teaching method such as games, group work, presentations

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and so on. Our role in the classroom today is one of a guide on the side and

students, especially with technology connected lessons.

2. Learners need to practice what they have learned. To ensure their participation,

correct responses should be reinforced. There should be activities included in the

lessons that allow learners to respond and receive feedback before any type of

evaluation is administered. In - class and follow - up activities also can help

learners to process the information by themselves.

3. An activity that involves students participation will produce a permanent change

in behavior. The learning experience will help in maintaining the students'

motivation toward learning activity. Training in the form of discussions, drills,

written exercises, language games and so can improve students’ participation.

4. Preparation of media and appropriate resources can actually help and maintain

students’ participation. It is include the discussion within the group which can

generate ideas and problem solving activities.

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