WATER RESOURCES

AGENDA IN MALAYSIA

By:

Datuk Ir. Hj. Ahmad Husaini bin Sulaiman

Ketua Pengarah JPS Malaysia

MALAYSIA WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT FORUM 2012

26 November 2012

Perbadanan Putrajaya, Putrajaya

OUTLINE PRESENTATION

Introduction

Water Issues and Challenges

Strategic Approach

Way Foward

Conclusion

2

INTRODUCTION

3

MALAYSIA WATER VISION

“In support of Vision 2020 (towards

achieving developed nation status),

Malaysia will conserve and manage its

water resources to ensure adequate

and safe water for all (including the

environment)”

4

KEY OBJECTIVES OF THE

VISION

•Water for people : all have access to safe, adequate and affordable

water supply, hygiene and sanitation.

•Water for food and rural development : provision of sufficient water

that will ensure national food security and promote rural development.

•Water for economic development : provision of sufficient water to

spur and sustain economic growth within the context of a knowledge-

based economy and e-commerce.

•Water for the environment : protection of the water environment to

preserve water resources (both surface water and groundwater) and

natural flow regimes, bio-diversity and the cultural heritage, along with

mitigation of water-related hazards.

5

ANNUAL RAINFALL

2,940 mm/ 971 billion m3

SURFACE RUNOFF

1,500 mm/ 494 billion m3

(51%)

GROUNDWATER

RECHARGE

192 mm/ 64 billion m3

(7%)

ACTUAL EVAPORATION

1,250 mm/ 413 billion m3

(42%)

WATER AVAILABILITY IN MALAYSIA

(Based on The Review of The National Water Resources Study

2000-2050 (2011)

6

ANNUAL RAINFALL

Water is abundant

Excess during wet

season but still shortage

during dry season

Management Problem?

Average Annual Rainfall (mm)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

Peninsular Sarawak Sabah

2496

3640

2560

Average Annual Rainfall for Malaysia: 2,940 mm

7

COMPARISON OF ANNUAL RAINFALL AGAINST

POPULATION

2940

1668

534 228

51

83

75

23

127

29

MALAYSIA JEPUN AUSTRALIA IRAN EGYPT

RAINFALL (mm) POPULATION (million) 8

Domestic and

Industry33 %

Irrigation51 %

Fishery8 %

Livestock1 %

Others 7%

WATER DEMAND BY VARIOUS SECTORS

Domestic and

Industry44 %

Irrigation 34%

Fishery13.8 %

Livestock2.7 %

Others 5.5 %

Demand 2010 Demand Projection - 2050

9

RIVERS

provide

MAIN WATER

SOURCE

for 97 % of

Water Supply for

Domestic,

Industrial and

Agriculture

10

WATER ISSUES

11

Water excesses

Water shortages

Water pollution

Threats from climate change

Current state of water governance

ISSUES AND CHALLENGES

12

• About 60% of the annual rain falls in the

months of November and January

• Many riverine areas and low-lying areas

experience widespread flooding.

• About 9% of the country is flood prone,

requiring Government expenditures on

flood-relief, flood-rehabilitation and flood-

mitigation works to rise significantly in the

last two decades.

WATER EXCESSES

13

Flooding in Kajang (2 Dec 2011) Flooding in Kuala Lumpur

(7 Mac 2011)

Flooding in Hulu Langat

(7 Mac 2011)

14

Flooding in

Segamat, Johor

(Feb 2011)

15

Flooding in Perlis (Mac 2011)

Flooding in N. Sembilan (Jan

2011)

Flooding in R/Panjang, Kelantan (Jan

2011)

Flooding in Pahang (Feb 2011) 16

The seasonal distribution and variation of rainfall,

both temporal and spatial, has rendered several

regions in the country facing water stress related

problems.

Particularly severe in the smaller States and those

that have been more extensively deforested. such

as Melaka, Perlis, and Pulau Pinang.

WATER SHORTAGES

Continue.. 17

WATER SHORTAGES (cont.)

Extended periods of droughts cause water supply

to fall short of water demands in States supporting

large-scale agriculture for rice production such as

Perlis, Kedah, and Selangor and those that are

heavily industrialised as in the case of Pulau

Pinang, Selangor, and the Federal Territories.

Growing demands and pressure on water

resources due to:-

population growth (29 mil 2010 42 mil 2050)

economic activity Continue.. 18

WATER SHORTAGES (cont.)

Intensifying competition among users.

High per capita consumption (250 l/c/d)

compared to Singapore at 140 l/c/d.

High non revenue water average 36 %.

Pollution reduce water usability.

Per capita availability of water is decreasing.

Continue.. 19

WATER SHORTAGE -DROUGHT

20

Rivers and waterways are exposed to point and

non point sources of pollution.

A recent estimate puts the wastes dump from the

Klang Valley into its river system as amounting to

a staggering 60 tons each day.

WATER POLLUTION

Continue.. 21

WATER POLLUTION (cont.)

Some 90 selected lakes and reservoirs found

that about 60% of them are ‘eutrophic’, primarily

from nitrates and phosphates pollution

originating from fertiliser and pesticide use in

agriculture.

Water resource management in these instances

clearly needs to reach out beyond the water

boundaries and have an involvement in land,

forests and environment control management

affairs. Continue.. 22

Polluters

Cities/ Industries

Agricultural/Livestock

activities

Land clearance

WATER POLLUTION (cont.)

Affects

water supply services

human health

aquatic ecosystems

23

RIVER WATER QUALITY TREND IN MALAYSIA

Source: DOE Report 2010 24

Global warming created extreme variability in the

climate

This impact causes sea level to rise and further

extremes in the flood and drought situations of the

country (NAHRIM’s Study: SLR of 0.1 to 0.13 cm

per yr; river flow may increase by 20 – 40% by

2100)

THREATS FROM CLIMATE CHANGE

25

There is no single formally constituted entity

that is presently empowered to plan, coordinate,

and execute IWRM.

The National Water Resources Council (NWRC), whilst constituting a good coordinating body for water affairs, has not been provided with legal mandate for carrying out this function.

STATE OF CURRENT WATER

GOVERNANCE

Continue.. 26

STATE OF CURRENT WATER

GOVERNANCE (cont.)

Water is a state matter gazette of water catchments control our development

No uniformity in water resources legislation

in the states

27

STRATEGIC APPROACH

REVISIT THE INTEGRATED WATER

RESOURCES MANAGEMENT (IWRM)

INITIATIVES AND IMPLEMENTATION

CONCEPT WATER

28

WHY IWRM?

Growth in population, increased economic

activity and improved standards of living lead

to increased competition for and conflicts over

limited freshwater.

A combination of social inequity and economic

marginalisation forces people to overexploit soil

and forestry resources, with damaging impacts

on water resources.

29

WATER BALANCING ACT

IWRM A balance between conditions for sustainable development (national

interest) and desirable socio-economic development (public interest )

with ecological conditions (environmental integrity)

Demand

• Increasing in all

sectors

• Inefficient use

Supply

• Quantity

• Quality

• Costs of options

30

Networking

national,

regional &

global

Strong

political

will Financial &

technical

resources

Effective

institutional

setup

Public-private

partnership

Effective

enforcement

Constitution

legislation

& standards

Policy &

legislation IWRM

IWRM COMPONENTS

31

Restrategise water management

- strengthened legal and institutional

arrangements

Scope of IWRM is wide

- integration of natural and human systems

- is both a science and art

- involves everybody

IWRM IMPLEMENTATION

32

Water for People

Potable

Water Transportation

Recreation

and Tourism

Water for Food

Agriculture Livestock

Aquaculture

Fishery

Water for Nature

and Environment

Ecology

Environmental

Flow

Water for Industry

Industry

Power

Generation

Development

Wetlands

Biodiversity

Integrated Approach in Managing

Water Demand

33

WHAT HAVE BEEN DONE AND

WHAT MORE NEED TO BE DONE…

1. Formation of the National Water Resources

Council (NWRC)- 1998

Chaired by Deputy Prime Minister

Pursue effective water management and

services

Involvement of Federal and State

Government in the water sector

Formulation of IRBM Master Plans for all river

basins Continue.. 34

2. Policy

National Water Resources Policy have been formulated and launched on 24 March 2012.

Principles of IWRM have been incorporated into five-year development plans since the 8th M’sia Plan

Sectoral policies related to water resources and water services

Continue..

(cont.)

35

3. Legislation

Federal Constitution amended in Jan 2005 to

shift water services from state list to concurrent

list

New law on Water Services Commission

passed by Parliament in 2007

2008 – Water Services Industry Act enforced

2012- National Water Resources Act drafted

(currently in consultation process)

Continue.. 36

4. Apex Bodies formed

Selangor Waters Management Authority (LUAS)

- formed on 1st August 2000 - aim of adopting

and implementing IWRM/IRBM at the river basin

level within the State of Selangor, besides

conserving coastal resources and the

environment.

Water Resources Department of Sabah.

Natural Resources and Environment Board

(Sarawak).

Kedah Water Management Board (LUAN) – yet

to be fully implemented.

Continue.. 37

5. Storm water Management Manual

– 2nd Edition (2011)

Continue.. 38

6. Water Plans In 29 July 2003, NWRC agreed to the preparation

of IRBM plans for all 189 river basins in country

Continue.. 39

7. Civil Society

Malaysian Water Partnership (MyWP) formed in

Nov 1997.

The Malaysian Capacity Building Network for

IWRM (MyCapNet)

Continue.. 40

i. Study on Integrated Catchment Management of Sungai Damansara, 2003.

ii. National Study for the Effective Implementation of IWRM in Malaysia (2005)

iii. Integrated Water Resources Study for Northern

Region of Peninsular Malaysia (2008)

iv. Review of the National Water Resources Study

(2000-2050) and Formulation of National Water

Resources Policy-2011

v. Sarawak IWRM Masterplan

Study (2004)

8. Studies

Continue.. 41

GUIDELINES

9. River Basin Master Plans – (basis for

development within a river basin) – 1998.

10. Capacity Building

– MSc course on IWRM (Open University since

2005)

– Training modules for senior executives of the

public sector (since 2005)

11. National and international forum/training

workshop on IWRM as annual events

Continue.. 43

12. National Sewerage Project

– National Strategic Plan for Solid Waste

Management (since 2002)

Continue.. 44

13. Guidelines of installing:

Rainwater Collection and Utilisation System

(1999) and

14. National Recycling Campaign 2002

Continue.. 45

create awareness and generate advocacy in IWRM throughout the country;

facilitate capacity building among key implementing agencies that are involved in IWRM; and

develop and demonstrate Best Management Practices (BMPs) in IWRM that are appropriate to the Malaysian context.

15. Implementation Of Best Management

Practices BMP In Awareness Raising And

Capacity Building Towards The Effective

Implementation Of IWRM In Malaysia

Continue.. 46

RANKING Water Related Issues/ Themes

1 River Water Quality

2 Catchment/ Landuse Management

3 Flooding

4 Institutional Arrangement

5 River Corridor Management

6 Wetlands Management

7 Water Borne Diseases

8 Biodiversity

9 Ground Water

(cont)

The study has identified 9 BMP’s as follows:

47

1. Sungai Liwagu, Sabah - “Sabah Water Resources Enackment 1998” (DID) & ‘Kawalan Kegunaan Racun” (Jabatan Pertanian) + Local Farmers & community

2. Tasik Cini, Pahang – Catchment & Wetland Management (Poverty Eradication) (SUSDEN, Wetland International & Local Community)

3. Matahari Height, Seremban - Flood – Flood Detention Pond as Community Park (DID, MPS & Local Community)

4. N-Park Kondominium, P. Pinang - “Nega Litres” – Water Saving (Water Watch Penang & Pinang Water Board)

5. Lembangan Sg Miri, Sarawak – River Basin Management Institution (Miri Agenda 21 Group, DID,MP Miri)

SELECTED SITES FOR BMPS

Continue..

SELECTED SITES FOR BMPS

7. Sg Melaka, Alor Gajah – River Corridor

management – Political Advocacy (DID, MP Alor

Gajah, Pn Hjh Hasnah & Local Community)

8. Sg Langat, Selangor - WaterBorne Diseases

Management (Universiti Malaya – UH)

9. Alor Baung, Kota Bharu – Groundwater

Management (DID, Jab Mineral & Geosains,

Kelantan Water Supply Board)

10.Sg Galing Besar, Kuantan – River Corridor

Management – Regulating pollution sources (DID,

MPK & Local Community)

CHALLENGES IN IWRM

IMPLEMENTATION

What has to be integrated?

How is it best done?

Who is going to bear the

cost?

50

Degraded environment of water

resources, river basins

IWRM OBJECTIVE : RESTORATION &

TRANSFORMATION

controlled planning & development

activities through best environmental

management practices for sustainable

development & management of water

resources & river basins 51

Water for livelihood

and

Water as a resource

must be balanced

52

IWRM is about managing competing uses

- across interests and sectors!

Water for

people

Water for

food

Water for

nature

Water for

other uses

Cross-sectoral integration

• Enabling environment

• Institutions

• Management tools

-and by building compromises through stakeholder participation

HOW? HOW? HOW? 53

IWRM respects the

principle that water

follows its own

boundaries!

-From small local basins to

large international river basins!

I R B M

I W R M

from a water quantity

and water quality

perspective

and builds on

river basin

management

54

WAY FOWARD

55

The need for political will to implement all the

national water resources programmes.

Focus on the implementation of the National

Water Resources Policy.

Speed up formulation of National Water

Resources Act.

Need for uniformity in water resources enactment at

state level.

Continue..

THE WAY FORWARD

56

THE WAY FORWARD (cont.)

Rebranding JPS to become Water Resources

Department at National and State level.

Currently JPS is performing about 60% of functions

related to water resources management.

Shift to water demand management approach

Increasing water delivery efficiency

Reducing water wastage

Paradigm shift in tariffs

current tarrif too low

Continue.. 57

THE WAY FORWARD (cont.)

More involvement of Federal Government in

water resources and water services

management.

Technical advice

Research

Capacity building

Need for sustained and adequate financing for

the development of all water related

programmes.

58

CONCLUSION

59

CONCLUSION

Effective implementation of IWRM contributes to

the realization of water security and water

sustainability for Malaysia.

Water resources is a vital national heritage to be

sustainably conserved and preserved

The importance of managing river basins

according to physical boundaries

Involvement of Federal Government in national

water sector can expedite IWRM implementation.

IWRM is achieved by partnerships and

collaboration.

60

THANK YOU