PENGELUARAN KOKO DI MALAYSIA

Raize Shah Hussain

PROJEK STDF - CABI ICCO : LATIHAN FASILITATOR

PPPK Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia, 16-20 Jun 2014

KANDUNGAN PEMBENTANGAN

Senario Pengeluaran Koko Dunia Senario Pengeluaran Koko Malaysia Perangkaan Industri Koko Malaysia Kawasan Penanaman Koko Di Malaysia Sejarah Prestasi Varieti Koko Di Malaysia

www.koko.gov.my

PENGELUARAN KOKO DUNIA

2012/13: 3.931 Juta Tan

Amerika Latin:

15.7% (618,000 tan)

Afrika

71.6% (2.813 juta tan)

Asia & Oceania:

12.7% (500,000 tan)

Senario Pengeluaran Koko Dunia www.koko.gov.my

Negara Pengeluar Koko Utama

1486

879

440

207 235 193 220

39

1445

835

420

225 225 192 185

41

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

2011/12

2012/13

8 Negara Pengeluar Utama

(ribu tan)

www.koko.gov.my

Permintaan dan Penawaran Koko Dunia

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,5001

97

0/7

1

19

72

/73

19

74

/75

19

76

/77

19

78

/79

19

80

/81

19

82

/83

19

84

/85

19

86

/87

19

88

/89

19

90

/91

19

92

/93

19

94

/95

19

96

/97

19

98

/99

20

00

/01

20

02

/03

20

04

/05

20

06

/07

20

08

/09

20

10

/11

20

12

/13

00

0 T

on

ne

s

Grindings Production1.42 Mil. Tonnes(1970/71)

1.56 Mil. Tonnes

(1970/71)

4.05 juta tan

(2012/13)

3.93 juta tan

(2012/13)

www.koko.gov.my

www.koko.gov.my

Menurut ICCO : 2012/2013 permintaan melebihi pengeluaran dan

Dunia mengalami defisit sebanyak 175,000 tan. Untuk tahun 2013

/2014 permintaan sekali lagi melebihi pengeluaran dan defisit dunia

iaitu sekitar 115,000 tan, berikutan La Nina dijangka bermula dari

Julai 2014.

Kita kini memasuki satu tempoh defisit biji koko dunia di mana

permintaan melebihi pengeluaran dan mungkin akan mencapai

tahap sama sekitar 2020. Harga biji koko dijangka akan tetap

setinggi US$3,664 menjelang 2019 menurut unjuran ICCO

Tukaran Matawang (11/06/2014) - 1 US$ = RM3.20

www.koko.gov.my

Palm oil prices set for a

volatile 2013 in

oversupplied market

Palm oil prices are set to start 2013 on a

sour note as record high stocks and

rising output in South-East Asia

overwhelm already weak demand, while

regulatory uncertainty in top buyers India

and China adds to the gloomy outlook.

Palm Oil Prices Poised

To Go Down in Surplus

Market

02/04/2013 (Hindu Business Line) -

Crude palm oil prices have been under

intense downward pressure for last

several months.

From a supply perspective, Indonesian

production is likely to remain strong for

the next three years at least; and any

slowdown will not materialise until about

2016. CPO production in the worlds largest producing country is set to

expand by at least 2 million tonnes (mt)

each year next 4-5 years because of

new plantings that were undertaken in

2007-10.

www.koko.gov.my

Rubber May Take Crown

as King of Ivory Coast's

Economy

The Government's target is to produce

up to 600,000 tonnes by the end of

2020. In 2011, about 318,000 hectares

of land area was dedicated to rubber, up

from 304,000 hectares a year earlier.

Cocoa giving way to

rubber in Ivory Coast

Ivory Coast, the world's top cocoa

producer, is witnessing a rubber

boom. According to media reports,

farmers are felling their aging cocoa

trees to plant rubber which brings higher

earnings to them. The country's rubber

output has climbed to a record 234,000

tonnes in 2011, from 183,000 tonnes in

2007, according to IRSG

www.koko.gov.my

Global cocoa prices could more than double by

2020 if output lags - Petra

By Michael Taylor

JAKARTA, March 26 (Reuters) - Global cocoa prices could more than double by

2020, rallying to a level last seen 36 years ago, if production fails to catch up with

demand, a director at Singapore-based Petra Foods PEFO.SI said on Tuesday.

Global output needs to hit at least 4 million tonnes by 2020, which is 1 million more

than now, to prevent a spike in cocoa prices, he said at the Asia Choco Congress in

Jakarta.

Petra Foods was the worlds third largest supplier of cocoa ingredients before it sold its cocoa business to Swiss chocolate maker Barry Callebaut BARN.S in a deal

announced in December.

www.koko.gov.my

ICCO sees global cocoa deficit in next four year

Revises up 2012/13 deficit to 86,000 T

Sees demand exceeding supply by 50,000-60,000 T in next 4 yrs

Robust demand seen from China

KUALA LUMPUR, Oct 7 (Reuters) - The global cocoa market will be in deficit in the

next four years, a top official of the International Cocoa Organization (ICCO) said,

underscoring the impact of rising consumption in Asia and supply problems.

The ICCO, which groups producers and consumers, revised up its global cocoa

deficit estimated in the crop year ending September 2013 to 86,000 tonnes from

52,000 tonnes previously. The new cocoa crop year has started in October.

"We are still going to be in a deficit for the next four years, but closer to 50,000 to

60,000 tones," ICCO executive director Jean-Marc Anga told Reuters on Monday

on the sidelines of a cocoa conference.

www.koko.gov.my PROSPEK HARGA 2013/2014

PENGELUARAN 2013/14 Cote dIvoire - menurun 0.4% Ghana - menurun 3.3%

Indonesia menurun 4.4% ICCO menurun 2.4%

PERMINTAAN 2013/14 ICCO meningkat 1.1%

STRUKTUR EKONOMI 2013/14 ICCO DEFISIT 115,000 tan

Sumber : ICCO Quarterly Bulletin

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

10,000

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jul Aug Sep

RM

/To

nn

e

London, Tawau and Raub Prices (Jan-Oct 2013)

Raub Tawau London

www.koko.gov.my

13

KENAPA PENGELUARAN BIJI KOKO

DIRAMAL TURUN?

(60%>26 Tahun)

KURANGNYA PENANAMAN BARU

MASALAH PENYAKIT & PEROSAK

Buah Hitam & CSSV (West African)

CPB (Malaysia & Indonesia)

Witches Broom & Monilia disease (Latin America)

Sumber : ADM

www.koko.gov.my

KAWASAN TANAMAN KOKO

www.koko.gov.my

Negara Pengeluaran Kadar

Pertumbuhan Tahunan

Thailand 9.96 %

Indonesia 8.11 %

Philippines 5.26 %

Colombia 4.92 %

Papua New Guinea 3.92 %

Peru 2.50 %

Malaysia 1.64 %

Ecuador 1.00 %

KAWASAN TANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT

Senario Pengeluaran Koko Malaysia

36,500 Tonnes(1980)

247,000 Tonnes(1990)

2,809 Tonnes (2013)

6,000 Tonnes(1980)

285,608 Tonnes (2013)

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

19

80

19

81

19

82

19

83

19

84

19

85

19

86

19

87

19

88

19

89

19

90

19

91

19

92

19

93

19

94

19

95

19

96

19

97

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

20

12

20

13

To

nn

es

Production Grindings

www.koko.gov.my

Perangkaan Industri Koko Di Malaysia

Maklumat 2010 2011 2012 2013e

Keluasan (ha)

Semenanjung Malaysia

Sabah

Sarawak

20,083

4,287

7,108

8,688

20,848

4,307

6,983

9,557

11,748

2,812

4,120

4,816

13,728

3,127

5,050

5,551

Pekebun Kecil 14,785 16,255 9,026 11,026

Estet 24 22 9 8

Biji Koko Kering/Ha (kg) 1,275 331 434 284

Pendapatan Kasar (RM/Ha) 1,688 936 652 584

Pengeluaran (tan) 15,654 4,605 3,645 2,809

Purata Harga Tahunan

Harga RM/tan (SMC 2)

- Tawau

- Raub

8,466

9,331

8,081

8,553

6,511

6,851

6,314

6,442

Pendapatan Eksport (RM 000) 4,189,465 4,215,435 3,690,221 3,625,151

Pengisaran (tan) 302,366 299,271 299,525 285,608

Nilai Import (RM 000) 3,679,687 3,973,023 3,598,208 3,424,110

www.koko.gov.my

www.koko.gov.my

Kepentingan Pengisaran (CMG)

Bermula 2012 - Malaysia telah maju dan berkembang sehingga

menjadi pengisar kelima terbesar di dunia walau pun dengan

pengeluaran biji koko yang sikit, CMG perlu mencari jalan dengan

mengimport biji koko. Program SPS bukan sahaja di Malaysia

tetapi juga dilaksanakan di Afrika dan baru sahaja tamat. Ini

sepatutnya menggalakkan penambahbaikan dalam memastikan

pematuhan kepada keperluan-keperluan SPS

Maklumat tentang pelaksanaan program ini boleh didapati dalam

laman web ICCO termasuk satu laporan lengkap mengenai

program tersebut. Bagi mencapai visi Malaysia untuk menjadi

Raja Choklat Asia dalam bahagian hiliran pemprosesan koko,

bantuan dan kerjasama semua sektor dalam negara ini diperlukan

dan SPS adalah salah satu tujuan utama program cocoasafe ini

Kawasan Penanaman Koko Di Malaysia www.koko.gov.my

www.koko.gov.my

Sources : DOA Malaya (1956) ; DOA North Borneo (1959, 1961) ; DOA Sabah (1966, 1971, 1976)

DOS Malaysia (1988); MCB (1992, 2001a, 2008a, 2012).

Tahun

Kawasan Penanaman Koko (hektar)

Semenanjung Sabah Sarawak Malaysia

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1989

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

265

577

761

3,362

17,587

57,345

106,932

138,773

137,931

47,704

15,142

8,894

9,085

6,724

6,196

3,662

3,920

4,051

31

1,170

2,374

4,019

9,823

57,984

172,713

205,260

179,648

113,691

51,810

21,591

18,545

17,890

8,876

6,260

6,809

6,935

-

-

-

-

2,870

8,526

24,252

70,203

75,886

28,732

8,814

2,913

3,752

4,617

5,630

7,415

8,688

9,557

296

1,747

3,135

7,381

30,280

123,855

303,897

414,236

393,465

190,127

75,766

33,398

31,382

29,231

20,702

17,338

19,417

20,544

Kawasan Penanaman Koko Malaysia (mengikut Wilayah)

www.koko.gov.my

Kawasan Penanaman Koko Malaysia (mengikut Wilayah)

Sources : DOA Malaya (1956) ; DOA North Borneo (1959, 1961) ; DOA Sabah (1966, 1971,

1976) DOS Malaysia (1988); MCB (1992, 2001a, 2008a, 2012).

www.koko.gov.my

Pengeluaran Biji Koko Kering Malaysia (mengikut wilayah)

Sources : DOS Malaysia (1988)* ; MCB (1992, 2001a, 2008a, 2012).

Year Dried cocoa bean production (tonnes)

Pen. Msia Sabah Sarawak Malaysia

1970

1975

1980

1985

1989

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

-

-

22,678

32,616

80,000

80,800

34,073

22,536

11,121

15,259

21,871

21,067

13,213

10,654

2,040

2,000*

13,000*

12,358

65,395

143,000

145,000

91,953

44,546

14,570

14,818

11,474

5,475

3,688

3,673

1,754

-

-

1,464

9,989

20,000

21,200

5,449

3,180

2,273

1,860

1,835

1,413

1,251

1,327

811

2,000*

13,000*

36,500

108,000

243,000

247,000

131,475

70,262

27,964

31,937

35,180

27,955

18,152

15,654

4,605

www.koko.gov.my

Pengeluaran Biji Koko Kering Malaysia (mengikut wilayah)

Sources : DOS Malaysia (1988)* ; MCB (1992, 2001a, 2008a, 2012).

www.koko.gov.my

Harga Harga Biji Koko Kering Malaysia (mengikut wilayah)

Sources : www.koko.gov.my

www.koko.gov.my

Kawasan Penanaman Koko Di Malaysia Mengikut Wilayah Dan Sektor Tahun 1988, 2007 dan 2011

Source: MCB (2008a, 2012).

* Figure in parenthesis denotes percentage of cocoa cultivated area by sector.

Wilayah

Keluasan Tanaman Koko (hektar)

1988 2007 2011

Pekebun

Kecil Estet Jumlah

Pekebun

Kecil Estet Jumlah

Pekebun

Kecil Estet Jumlah

Smjg 90,441

(64%)*

51,309

(36%) 141,750

5,948

(88%)

776

(12%) 6,724

3,827

(95%)

224

(5%) 4,051

Sarawak 58,712

(95%)

2,932

(5%) 61,644

4,617

(100%)

0

(0%) 4,617

9,557

(100%) 0 9,557

Sabah 57,393

(28%)

147,073

(72%) 204,466

14,197

(79%)

3,693

(21%) 17,890

6,079

(88%)

856

(12%) 6,935

Malaysia 206,546

(51%)

201,314

(49%) 407,860

24,762

(85%)

4,469

(15%) 29,231

19,464

(95%)

1,080

(5%) 20,544

www.koko.gov.my

Purata Produktiviti Tanaman Koko Malaysia (mengikut sektor)

Source: 1. MCB (1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001b, 2002, 2003, 2004a, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008c).

2. MCB (2001a, 2008a).

* Estimated from the relevant data in MCB (1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001b, 2002, 2003, 2004a, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008c).

Tahun

Purata Produktiviti (kg/ha)

Estet 1 Pekebun Kecil * Malaysia 2

1990 - - 628

1995 - - 692

1996 761 689 716

1997 805 759 756

1998 864 747 770

1999 864 838 835

2000 815 1,000 939

2001 921 1,087 1,013

2002 734 1,156 999

2003 527 962 809

2004 600 881 807

2005 534 946 841

2006 429 1,205 1,068

2007 438 1,544 1,396

2008 316 2,033 1,721

2009 329 1,914 1,668

2010 340 1,440 1,330

www.koko.gov.my

Kekangan dan Senario Semasa

Penanaman koko lazimnya menjadi satu tanaman penting untuk

pekebun kecil di mana :

(1) keperluan buruh yang lebih banyak berbanding dengan sawit

dan satu pendapatan lebih baik

(2) keperluan untuk teknologi dan pengetahuan serta kemahiran

pengurusan

(3) merupakan pertanian intensif dan pengoptimuman ialah 4-6

ha setiap ladang

(4) Bukan sahaja dalam pembangunan modal insan, keperluan

untuk berpengetahuan, penggunaan pendekatan panduan dan

pengendalian betul serta storan racun perosak dalam ladang

dan SPS ialah maklumat kritikal di mana pekebun dan semua

pihak berkaitan mesti mengambil perhatian.

www.koko.gov.my

Kekangan dan Senario Semasa

(5) Memastikan pengeluaran mencapai permintaan dalam

negara dan sepatutnya mempunyai pembekalan bahan-bahan

mentah kepada pengisar-pengisar.

(6) Pengeluaran tidak seharusnya tamat hanya sebagai bahan-

bahan mentah (biji koko kering) dengan pengetahuan teknologi-

teknologi terkini yang sedia ada tetapi sepatutnya berkembang

lebih kepada pengeluaran produk akhir seperti coklat dalam

komuniti.

(7) Konsep pembangunan kelompok dan industri kecil dan

sederhana akan mempunyai ladang yang mengemukakan

rantaian makanan dalam komuniti.

Ringkasan Klon Terpilih

Di Pusat Penyelidikan Dan Pembangunan LKM

No. Klon

Potensi Hasil

Buah Koko Kering Koko Kering

(bil/pkk/thn) (kg/pkk/thn) (tan/ha/thn)

1 KKM 26 38.1 1.40 1.76

2 KKM 27 38.9 1.70 1.86

3 KKM 1 39.3 2.15 3.93

4 KKM 19 40.0 1.90 2.70

5 KKM 15 40.5 1.60 2.41

6 KKM 17 41.9 2.10 2.26

7 KKM 28 45.6 1.92 2.31

8 KKM 3 47.0 2.10 2.11

9 KKM 22 48.3 2.01 2.42

10 KKM 4 51.5 2.10 2.04

11 KKM 5 52.1 2.43 2.02

12 KKM 2 53.3 1.90 3.56

13 KKM 6 62.2 2.24 1.99

14 KKM 25 64.9 2.40 2.44

15 PBC 131 24.1 1.30 1.44

www.koko.gov.my

No. Klon

Potensi Hasil

Buah Koko Kering Koko Kering

(bil/pkk/thn) (kg/pkk/thn) (tan/ha/thn)

16 PBC 113 26.5 1.35 1.50

17 PBC 159 26.7 1.41 1.56

18 BAL 244 27.7 1.43 1.59

19 PBC 179 29.8 1.43 1.59

20 PBC 123 30.1 1.31 1.45

21 PBC 112 34.5 1.38 1.53

22 PBC 211 37.6 2.25 2.50

23 PBC 140 37.7 1.51 1.68

24 PBC 130 37.8 1.72 1.91

25 PBC 139 39.1 2.03 2.25

26 PBC 178 41.9 2.03 2.25

27 PBC 137 44.1 2.03 2.25

28 PBC 210 48.2 2.03 2.25

29 PBC 207 49.4 2.03 2.25

30 PBC 208 49.4 2.03 2.25

31 PBC 223 50.6 2.03 2.25

32 PBC 246 51.1 2.25 2.50

33 BAL 209 51.7 2.15 2.39

34 RP 1 43.0 1.80 2.00

35 QH 1003 45.7 1.83 2.03

www.koko.gov.my

No. Klon

Potensi Hasil

Buah Koko Kering Koko Kering

(bil/pkk/thn) (kg/pkk/thn) (tan/ha/thn)

36 QH 37 58.3 2.93 3.15

37 QH 968 59.7 2.68 2.88

38 BR 25 60.4 2.42 2.69

39 QH 326 61.9 3.11 3.35

40 QH 22 69.4 3.24 3.51

41 QH 1176 71.0 2.75 3.06

42 QH 186 78.0 3.08 3.33

43 QH 240 78.1 2.88 3.10

44 QH 1287 79.4 3.29 3.66

45 QH 441 101.2 3.61 3.88

46 MCB C2 46.0 2.63 2.92

47 MCB C4 52.0 2.49 2.77

48 MCB C3 54.0 2.83 3.14

49 MCB C1 62.0 3.23 3.59

50 MCB C5 98.0 5.17 5.74

Dari tahun 2000 ke

atas, klon MCB terpilih

mempunyai saiz biji

yang lebih besar, biji

berat dan faktor-faktor

sedia ada khususnya

kandungan lemak.

Perbandingan pada

buah dan berat biji

kering setiap pokok dan

hasil menunjukkan

produktiviti yang lebih

baik

www.koko.gov.my

MCB ACC55 www.koko.gov.my

MCB ACC55 www.koko.gov.my

KLON MCB (KIRI) PBC 123 (KANAN) www.koko.gov.my

KLON LKMJ 55 (KIRI) LKMJ 25 (KANAN) www.koko.gov.my

KLON LKMJ 55 (KIRI) LKMJ 25 (KANAN) www.koko.gov.my

www.koko.gov.my

Karekteristik Dalam

Klon Komersil Yang

Disyorkan:

Lokasi : LKM Hilir Perak

Tarikh : 17 April 2014

Pemilihan saiz kacang yang besar dengan berat >1.0g

Pokok dipilih dengan bilangan buah tinggi > 100/ thn

Bilangan biji setiap buah lebih baik dalam 35

Kandungan kulit koko sekitar 10% dan lebih rendah

Pokok yang berhasil awal, pengeluaran tinggi yang konsisten untuk satu tempoh

yang > 30 tahun

www.koko.gov.my

Karekteristik Dalam

Klon Komersil Yang

Disyorkan:

Lokasi : LKM Hilir Perak

Tarikh : 17 April 2014

Pokok - bentuk dan seni bina untuk kerja mudah : tegak, mudah untuk

penuaian buah tanpa menjejaskan

pengeluaran.

Pemilihan untuk rintangan kepada serangga perosak dan penyakit

Komposisi / nisbah kandungan lemak dan serbuk dikaitkan dengan keperluan

industri, permintaan pengguna dan

kejejasan dari segi ekonomi : genting

harga sekarang.

KLON KOKO LKM (MCB)

MALAYSIAN COCOA BOARD 1ST SERIES CLONE FEATURES

MCBC 1 MCBC 2 MCBC 3 MCBC 4 MCBC 5

MCBC 14 MCBC 13

MALAYSIAN COCOA BOARD 3RD SERIES CLONE FEATURES

MCBC 6 MCBC 7 MCBC 8 MCBC 9

MALAYSIAN COCOA BOARD 2ND SERIES CLONE FEATURES

www.koko.gov.my

www.koko.gov.my

www.koko.gov.my

xie-xie

zikomo

stuh-tee

terima kasih

cm n c

urakoze

merci

thank you ke itumetse dhanyawaad

mersi efharist

salamat asante sana Assalamualikum

tak

kiitos

danke

grazie

gracias

teekkr ederim

faleminderit

www.koko.gov.my

www.koko.gov.my

www.koko.gov.my

Venue: Malaysian Cocoa Board

CRDC Hilir Perak, Perak

Date: 07 17 April 2014

History of Cocoa varieties performance in Malaysia

www.koko.gov.my

The early hybrid planting materials showed

that evaluation by the 5th year of production

about 1 ton/ha of dry cocoa beans was

achieved and the yield subsequently was

rather consistent and would fluctuate within a

30% variation as is expected for open field

plantings depending on environmental factors

of sunshine, rain, fertiliser inputs and tree

management.

Clonal planting materials developed showed

that by the 5th year production achieved 2

tons/ha and the subsequent years fluctuate

within the same band in view of the

environmental factors expected to interfere.

Dry bean yields of PBC clones at HMPB

PRANG BESAR Research Station, Kajang,

Selangor (1980s onwards)

CLONE 1Y 2Y 3Y 4Y 5Y 6Y 7Y 8Y 9Y 10Y 11Y

PBC 113 337 987 1268 1583 1767 1742 1904 2547 1379 1330 1794

PBC 123 606 808 1552 1842 1833 1513 2007 1469 1451 2078 1879

PBC 130 402 899 1483 1671 2232 2958 3112 2474 1970 1730 2357

PBC 131 460 1086 1354 1448 2203 1782 1490 1496 1657 1925 2556

PBC 127 394 1066 1342 1694 1971 2173 1972 1498 1674 1714 2058

PBC 139 630 874 1540 2100 2246 1584 1469 1275 1581 1843 1800

PBC 140 665 784 1677 2424 2179 1868 1995 1982 1516 1811 2134

PBC 159 322 913 1366 1529 2348 1860 1984 1823 1928 1967 2140

PBC 178 204 512 858 1604 1579 2170 2570 2674 1886 1658 1890

PBC 179 226 840 1042 1683 1817 2075 2106 2192 2348 2098 2414

MEAN 425 877 1348 1758 2018 1973 2061 1943 1739 1815 2102

HYBRID 252 446 688 1012 1085 968 958 891 820 798 904

Source: Chong, CF. (1987). Characteristics of Prang Besar Cocoa Clones. SASS Seminar Palm

Kernel Utilization and Recent Advances in Cocoa Cultivation. 11-13 June 1987, Tawau Sabah.

www.koko.gov.my

Yield performance of some DOA Sabah

clones at Agriculture Research Station,

Quoin Hill Tawau Sabah

CLONE DRIED BEAN YIELD (kg/ha)

YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 YEAR 4 YEAR 5 YEAR 6 YEAR 7 MEAN

BR 25 2543 3189 3930 3986 2445 3038 2249 3054

QH 22 2209 2473 3182 3190 2530 2886 2134 2658

QH 441 3561 3729 4371 3020 2274 2897 1981 3119

QH 186 3604 2958 3440 3096 2082 2910 2022 2873

QH 240 2652 2850 3786 2468 1943 3030 2399 2733

QH 37 2507 3348 3885 2767 2689 3649 2493 3048

PBC123 2948 4770 3295 4240 3719 1643 1552 3167

KKM 22 2194 3746 2351 2704 2319 1520 1410 2321

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Graphical presentation of clonal planting materials selected and evaluated in the 1990s at Quoin Hill Sabah

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 YEAR 4 YEAR 5 YEAR 6 YEAR 7

Kg

/Ha

BR 25 QH 22 QH 441 QH 186

QH 240 QH 37 PBC123 KKM 22

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Cocoa clones released officially for

commercial planting in Malaysia

Clone

Pods

(No./tree/yr)

Dry cocoa Beans

(Kg/tree/yr)

Dry cocoa beans

(ton/ha/yr)

Mean Stdev Mean Stdev Mean Stdev

KKM 47.40 8.59 2.00 0.29 2.42 0.62

PBC 38.84 9.50 1.77 0.36 1.97 0.39

QH 67.18 16.00 2.80 0.56 3.05 0.58

MCB 62.40 20.71 3.27 1.10 3.63 1.22

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54 Established Seed

Garden

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55

Nurseri yang disiap untuk

bekalan anak benih koko dan

anak benih cantuman

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56

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Blok 33C/34C in the year 2001 was full of weeds

Kawasan ladang yang tidak terurus dan semak serta tidak produktif yang

ekonomik

Field preparation for planting would need a certain degree of use of

weedicides/herbicides that are quite narrow spectrum such as glyphosate for

grasses and depending on weather conditions systemic or contact herbicides

would be used.The ability to establish shade and subsequent mulching with the

slow removal of extensive shade from early establishment would circumvate the

use of herbicides until excellent mulching obtained by 2nd to 3rd year there is no

need to use herbicides.

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Gambar Kawasan

Tanaman Koko - klon (Cantuman)

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Gambar Kawasan

Tanaman Koko (Pembaik-baik Koko)

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Gambar Kawasan

Tanaman Koko (Penilaian Koko Hybrid)

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Gambar Kawasan

Tanaman Koko tunggal (Koko & Gliricidia)

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65

Tanaman Kelapa

Matag - Koko

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66

Tanaman Kelapa

MAWA - Koko

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67

Tanaman Malayan Tall -

koko

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Anak benih klon koko yang

ditanam 2000 di blok 1D ladang A

telah mula mengeluarkan hasil

dalam tahun 2004

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Cocoa Planting development Program with smallholders

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Projek ECER, Gua

Musang

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ABORIGINES DEVELOPMENT PROJECT,

Kg. Pendeq Pos Yum, Perak

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xie-xie

zikomo

stuh-tee

terima kasih

cm n c

urakoze

merci

thank you ke itumetse dhanyawaad

mersi efharist

salamat asante sana Assalamualikum

tak

kiitos

danke

grazie

gracias

teekkr ederim

faleminderit

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THANK YOU

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Correlation of dry cocoa bean production

to the clones selected

r = 0.980

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Correlation analysis of the varieties showed an r-value of 0.98;

where 98% of the values can be explained by the dry bean

produced per tree in relation to the clone selected.

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Correlation of productivity to selected

cocoa clones released for planting

r = 0.998

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This indicated that over time improvement in yield is attained

with improved varieties, where the yield co-relationship

determined was 0.998.

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Comparison of bean characteristics in

relation to cocoa clones selected

Clone

Pod value Dry bean weight

(g)

No. of beans

per pod

Shell content

(%)

Cocoa butter

content (%)

Mean Stdev Mean Stdev Mean Stdev Mean Stdev Mean Stdev

KKM 22.26 3.59 1.12 0.09 41.57 8.05 11.11 1.27 55.64 3.41

PBC 21.91 2.63 1.19 0.12 39.44 3.43 15.07 1.62 56.64 1.75

QH 24.17 2.45 1.14 0.17 38.58 3.94 15.91 1.72 53.83 2.95

MCBC 19.14 1.21 1.38 0.08 36.60 1.52 56.20 1.64

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Correlation of average dry bean weight to

the clones selected

r = 0.796

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The average dry bean weight correlation analysis between clones had a lower r-

value of 0.796 suggesting that there is less trait significance with regard to

average bean size. Improvement in precision of data collection can be noted

with decrease in standard deviation of almost all the parameters recorded,

especially for the MCBC Series.