Soalan 15:

KUALA LUMPUR: Menteri Tenaga,Teknologi Hajau dan Air (KeTTHA) sedang bekerja bersama dengan kerajaan negeri untuk menghadapifenomena El Nino.

Menterinya,Datuk Seri Dr Maximus Ongkili,berkata jawatankuasa Krisis Air telah diamanahkan untuk memantau situasi ini dan mengambil langkah untuk mengurangkan kesan El Nino kepada Negara.

“kami telah menasihatkan semua kerajaan negeri untuk mengambil langkah sepatutnya untuk menangani fenomena El Nino. Kami bekerja bersama Jabatan Meteorologi dan Kementerian Alam Sekitar dan Sumber Asli untuk memantau situasi, juga berhubung dengan badan pemantau perubahan cuaca dalam Negara, ”katanya di sini kepada Bernama.

KUALA LUMPUR: The Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water (KeTTHA) is working closely with all state governments to prepare for the El Nino phenomenon.

Its minister, Datuk Seri Dr Maximus Ongkili, said the Water Crisis Committee had been entrusted to monitor the situation and come up with appropriate measures to minimise the impact of El Nino on the country.

"We have been advising all state governments to take appropriate measures to face the El Nino phenomenon. We are working closely with the Department of Meteorology and the Natural Resources and Environment Ministry to monitor the situation, as well as linking up with relevant bodies monitoring climate change in the region," he told Bernama here.

El Niño is a band of anomalously warm ocean water temperatures that periodically develops off the Pacific coast of South America. Extreme climate change pattern oscillations fluctuate weather across the Pacific Ocean which results in fluctuating droughts, floods, and crop yields in varying regions of the world.

There is a phase of El Niño, which refers to variations in the temperature of the surface of the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean and in air surface pressure in the tropical western Pacific shows by Diagram (a) and Diagram (b).

El Nino adalah satu kawasan di mana kepanasan suhu air laut yang meningkat secara berkala di luar pantai Pasifik Amerika Selatan. Aliran perubahan corak iklim yang melampau turun naik cuaca di seluruh Lautan Pasifik yang menyebabkan turun naik kemarau, banjir, dan hasil tanaman yang berbeza-beza rantau di dunia.

Terdapat fasa El Nino, yang merujuk kepada variasi dalam suhu permukaan tropika timur Lautan Pasifik dan tekanan permukaan udara dalam Pasifik Barat tropika ditunjukkan oleh Rajah (a) dan Rajah (b).

Rajah (a) Diagram (a)

Rajah(b) Diagram (b)

(a) Sebagai panel Ahli Jawatankuasa Persatuan Sains,anda perlu menyampaikan taklimat kepada ahli yang lain tentang akibat fenomena El Nino. Jelaskan kesan-kesan El Nino kepada ekosistem.

As a panel of Science committee member, you need to brief the other member about the consequences of El Nino phenomenon. Explain the effects of El Nino to the ecosystem.

Menilai [10 markah]

(b). Cadangkan cara-cara yang perlu diambil untuk mengurangkan kesan tersebut kepada ekosistem Suggest ways that should be taken to minimize the effects to the ecosystem. Menilai [6 markah]

SKEMA JAWAPAN:

2 (a) Primary effects: these are directly caused.Alteration of weather patterns which include:-Temperature changes/ perubahan suhu-Precipitation changes(rain/snow/sleet/hail)/ perubahan hujan/salji-Storm track changes and intensity Perubahan taufan dan kepadatannya berubahAlteration of currents and ocean temperature:Perubahan arus dan suhu laut:-Fires/ kebakaran-Drought/ kemarau-Flooding/ banjir-Economic changes, price of heating, food, etc./ Perubahan ekonomi,tahap kepanasan,makanan,dll-Political and social unrest/ masalah politik dan sosial-Crash of fisheries/ tempat perikanan musnah-Famine(severe shortage of food)/ kekurangan bekalan makanan(Femine)-Plagues (hanta virus)/ disease that has a high mortality rate ‘plagues’/penyakit menyebabkan kadar kematian yang tinggi-Insect population explosion leading to disease / Populasi serangga mendadak menyebabkan penyakit.-Crop failure/ hasil tanaman tidak berhasil

Max=10

(b) -law enforcement to those who conduct open burning/factory owner/fine/strict //menguatkuasakan undang-undang kepada mereka yang melakukan pembakaran terbuka/pemilik kilang//Hukuman/denda yang lebih berat-awareness campaign about haze issue/water crisis/drought/flood/El Nino/la nina// kempen kesedaran mengenai isu jerebu/krisis air/kemarau/banjir/el Nino/la Nina-cloud seeding//pembenihan awan- to cut down water consumption //- to build raw water reserves //membina tempat simpanan air- industrial plant must install a smoke filtration system //mewajibkan setiap kilang perindustrian supaya memasang sistem penapisan asap-parents/teachers educate children to appreciate the balance of nature /do not waste the water//ibu bapa/guru mendidik anak-anak menghargai keseimbangan alam sekitar/tidak membazir air- Cooperation between Malaysia and Indonesia/international about El Nino issues//Kerja sama antara Negara Malaysia dan Indonesia/antarabangsa mengenai isu El Nino

Max =6

i Think Map:

Causes and effects of El Nino

warming of the ocean surface off the western coast of South

AmericaEl Nino

Extreme climate

change/unusual weather

upwelling of cold, nutrient-

rich water does not occur

Drought

Flood /storm

Reduce crop yield

Die of plankton/fish

Temperature rises