Kepribadian cemas menghindar

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Paper

KEPRIBADIAN CEMAS MENGHINDAR

Oleh :

Nandy E. Rumondor

13014101291

Masa KKM 13 !u"# 201$ % 9 A&us'us 201$

BAGIAN I(M) KED*K+ERAN !I,A

-AK)(+AS KED*K+ERAN

)NIERSI+AS SAM RA+)(ANGI

MANAD*

201$



DA-+AR ISI

DAFTAR ISI ……………………………………………..……… i

BAB I. PENDAHULUAN ……………………………………… 1

BAB II PEMBAHASAN ………………............………………….. 3

A. Definisi ……………………………………….………. 3

B. Epidei!l!"i …………………………………………. #

$. E%i!l!"i ……………………………………….….…… &

D. '()(*(n +linis …………………………………….. ,

E. Di("n!sis …………………..…………………………. 1-

F. Di("n!sis B(ndin" …………………………………… 13

'. Pe*(l(n(n Pen/(0i% …………………………………… 1#

H. Te*(pi …………………..…….……………………… 1&

BAB III. +ESIMPULAN ……………………………………….. -

DAFTAR PUSTA+A ……………………………………………

BAB I

2



PENDAH)()AN

+ep*i)(di(n (d(l(h e0sp*esi /(n" 0el2(* d(*i pen"e%(h2(n d(n pe*(s((n

/(n" di(l(i s2)e0%if !leh ses!*(n". Definisi l(in en"e20(0(n )(h(

0ep*i)(di(n (d(l(h pe*il(02 /(n" 0h(s sese!*(n" /(n" en/e)()0(n !*(n" i%2

d(p(% di0en(l d(n di)ed(0(n d(*i !*(n" l(in 0(*en( p!l( pe*il(02n/(. +ep*i)(di(n

e*2p(0(n %!%(li%(s sif(% e!si!n(l d(n pe*il(02 /(n" en(nd(i 0ehid2p(n

sese!*(n" d(*i h(*i 0e h(*i d(l( 0!ndisi /(n" )i(s(n/(4 0ep*i)(di(n *el(%if s%()il

d(n d(p(% di*((l0(n.14

+ep*i)(di(n4 didefinisi0(n se5(*( psi0!l!"is4 (d(l(h hip2n(n ()(di 5i*i6

5i*i pe*il(02 d(n en%(l /(n" e)ed(0(n (n2si(. Oleh 0(*en( i%24 "(n""2(n

0ep*i)(di(n di%en%20(n !leh pen"(l((n d(n pe*il(02 /(n" )e*)ed( d(*i n!*(6

n!*( d(n h(*(p(n (s/(*(0(%. Me*e0( /(n" didi("n!sis den"(n "(n""2(n

0ep*i)(di(n 2n"0in en"(l(i 0es2li%(n d(l( 0!"ni%if4 f2n"si in%e*pe*s!n(l

(%(2 0!n%*!l ip2ls. Se5(*( 224 "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n didi("n!sis di #-6,-7

p(sien 0ei((n.3

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den"(n p!l( pe*il(02 (l(d(p%if4 0!"nisi4 d(n pen"(l((n )(%in4 dip(e*0(n di

)(n/(0 0!n%e0s d(n en/ip(n" n/(%( d(*i /(n" di%e*i( !leh )2d(/( indi8id2.

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%e0(n(n /(n" si"nifi0(n. P!l(6p!l( pe*il(02 d(l( "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n )i(s(n/(

)e*h2)2n"(n den"(n "(n""2(n s2)s%(nsi(l d(l( )e)e*(p( 0e5ende*2n"(n

pe*il(02 indi8id24 )i(s(n/( eli)(%0(n )e)e*(p( )id(n" 0ep*i)(di(n4 d(n h(pi*

sel(l2 di0(i%0(n den"(n "(n""2(n pe*s!n(l d(n s!si(l /(n" 5202p )es(*.Sese!*(n" di0l(sifi0(si0(n se)("(i eili0i "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n i0( 0el(in(n

pe*il(02 e*e0( en""(n""2 f2n"si s!si(l (%(2 pe0e*((n e*e0(.#

'(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n di0el!p!00(n 0e d(l( %i"( 0el!p!0 d(l(

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders edisi 0eep(% 9DSM6I;.

+el!p!0 A %e*di*i d(*i "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n p(*(n!id4 s0i<!id4 d(n s0i<!%ip(l=

indi8id2 den"(n "(n""2(n ini se*in" 0(li %(p(0 (neh d(n e0sen%*i0. +el!p!0 B

%e*di*i d(*i "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n (n%is!si(l4 ()(n"4 his%*i!ni04 d(n n(*sis%i0=

3



indi8id2 den"(n "(n""2(n ini se*in" %(p(0 d*((%i54 e!si!n(l4 d(n %id(0

enen%2. +el!p!0 $ %e*di*i d(*i "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(*4 dependen4

d(n !)sesif 0!p2lsif d(n s(%2 0(%e"!*i /(n" din((0(n "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n

/(n" %id(0 di%en%20(n 95!n%!hn/( (d(l(h "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n p(sif6("*esif d(n

"(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n dep*esif;= !*(n" den"(n "(n""2(n ini se*in" %(p(0 5e(s

(%(2 0e%(02%(n.

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e*e0( %id(0 l(/(0 se5(*( s!si(l (%(2 p*i)(di %id(0 en(*i0 d(n en"hind(*i

in%e*(0si s!si(l 0(*en( %(02% diee04 dihin(4 di%!l(04 (%(2 %id(0 en/20(i. O*(n"

%e*se)2% se*in" 0(li dise)2% se)("(i eili0i 0!ple0s infe*i!*i%(s. D(l( I$D6

1- p(sien di0l(sifi0(si0(n ende*i%( "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n 5e(s (anxious

personality disorder) '(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* )i(s(n/( pe*%(( 0(li

elih(% di ((l (s( de(s(.4&

'(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* dil(p!*0(n s(n"(% l(<i p(d( !*(n"

den"(n "(n""2(n 0e5e(s(n4 es0ip2n pe*0i*((n 0!!*)idi%(s )e*8(*i(si 0(*en(

pe*)ed((n 9(n%(*( l(in; ins%*2en di("n!s%i0. Peneli%i(n en2n200(n )(h(

se0i%(* 1-6&-7 d(*i !*(n" /(n" eili0i "(n""2(n p(ni0 den"(n ("!*(f!)i(

eili0i "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n (8!id(n%4 se*%( se0i%(* -6#-7 d(*i !*(n"6!*(n"

/(n" eili0i f!)i( s!si(l 9"(n""2(n 0e5e(s(n s!si(l;.

Be)e*(p( peneli%i(n el(p!*0(n %in"0(% p*e8(lensi hin""( #&7 di (n%(*( !*(n"6

!*(n" den"(n "(n""2(n 0e5e(s(n 22 d(n s(p(i &,7 d(*i e*e0( den"(n

"(n""2(n !)sesif 0!p2lsif.,

BAB II

4



PEMBAHASAN

A. D/#n#s#

'(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n (8!id(n% (%(2 "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n 5e(s

en"hind(* (d(l(h "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n /(n" di%(nd(i den"(n p!l( e*es(p

inhi)isi s!si(l4 pe*(s((n %id(0 (p24 %e*l(l2 sensi%if %e*h(d(p penil(i(n ne"(%if

!leh !*(n" l(in4 d(n *(s( (l2 /(n" e0s%*i /(n" di2l(i p(d( ((l (s( de(s(

d(n )e*%(h(n d(*i (0%2 0e (0%24 %id(0 fle0si)el d(n h(di* d(l( )e*)("(i

si%2(si. O*(n" den"(n "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* 22n/( en"in"in0(n

h2)2n"(n s!si(l4 %e%(pi l2p2h !leh *(s( %id(0 (p2 d(n 0e%(02%(n /(n"

)e*le)ih(n (0(n pen!l(0(n s!si(l.>

Indi8id2 den"(n "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* 5ende*2n" eili0i

pen"(l((n /(n" )e*f2n"si 2n%20 en2*2n0(n h(*"( di*i e*e0( el(l2i

de"*(d(si4 pen"hin((n (%(2 pen!l(0(n. Den"(n pen"2l(n"(n pen"(l((n ne"(%if

e*e0( en"e)(n"0(n di*i e*e0( se)("(i /(n" %id(0 dis20(i d(n 5(5(% d(n

!*(n" l(in se)("(i /(n" %id(0 diped2li0(n d(n e*(s( !*(n" l(in en!l(0

e*e0(.>

Sese!*(n" den"(n "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* elih(% d2ni(

se)("(i ses2(%2 /(n" %id(0 )e*s(h()(%4 din"in4 d(n e(l20(n. O*(n"6!*(n"

dip(nd(n" se)("(i )e*p!%ensi 0*i%is4 %id(0 %e*%(*i04 d(n e*end(h0(n4 e*e0(

2n"0in (0(n en/e)()0(n *(s( (l2 )("i indi8id2 den"(n "(n""2(n

0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(*. A0i)(%n/(4 !*(n"6!*(n" den"(n "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n

en"hind(* en"(l(i f!)i( s!si(l4 5(n""2n" d(n e*(s( %id(0 n/((n den"(n

!*(n"6!*(n".

>

Ad( 0!n%*!8e*si en"en(i (p(0(h "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(*

(d(l(h "(n""2(n /(n" )e*)ed( d(*i f!)i( s!si(l4 d(n i%2 )e*pend(p(% !leh

)e)e*(p( )(h( e*e0( h(n/l(h 0!nsep%2(lis(si /(n" )e*)ed( d(*i "(n""2(n

/(n" s((4 di(n( "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* d(p(% e(0ili )en%20

/(n" le)ih p(*(h. F!)i( s!si(l d(n "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* eili0i

0*i%e*i( di("n!s%i0 /(n" s(( d(n d(p(% )e*)("i pen/e)() /(n" s((4 pen"(l((n

s2)e0%if4 pe*((%(n4 d(n fi%2* 0ep*i)(di(n d(s(* /(n" iden%i0 sepe*%i *(s( (l2. #413

5



B. E#d/m#o"o&#

DSM6I endefinisi0(n "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* se)("(i p!l(

e*es(p inhi)isi s!si(l4 pe*(s((n %id(0 (p24 d(n hipe*sensi%if %e*h(d(p e8(l2(sine"(%if /(n" di2l(i den"(n ((l (s( de(s( d(n h(di* d(l( )e*)("(i 0!n%e0s.

P(d( !*(n" den"(n "(n""2(n ini4 en"hind(*i d(n en(h(n di*i4 0!n%(0 s!si(l

(d(l(h h(sil d(*i 0e%(02%(n pen!l(0(n d(n pen"hin((n.?

'(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* (d(l(h s(l(h s(%2 "(n""2(n

0ep*i)(di(n 0el!p!0 $4 )e*s(( den"(n "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n dependen d(n

!)sesif 0!p2lsif. Tin"0(% 0e*2s(0(n %e*0(i% den"(n "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n

en"hind(* (n%(*( l(in4 0e*(4 h2)2n"(n in%e*pe*s!n(l4 d(n f2n"si "l!)(l se2(

%e*0en( d(p(0 ne"(%if.?

'(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* *el(%if 22. P*e8(lensin/( (d(l(h

se0i%(* &7 di 0!2ni%(s d(n h(pi* 1&7 di (n%(*( p(sien *((% (l(n 0ei((n.

Pe*)(ndin"(n "(n""2(n ini h(pi* s(( %e*(di (n%(*( p*i( den"(n (ni%(.

Men2*2% se)2(h s%2di 0e)(* de(s( 2d( ene20(n )(h( "(n""2(n

0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* 14#7 p(d( l(0i6l(0i d(n 4&7 p(d( (ni%(.?4@

P*e8(lensi "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* (d(l(h 1 s(p(i 1- pe*sen=

sepe*%i /(n" didefinisi0(n4 "(n""2(n ini se*in" di2p(i. B(/i /(n"

di0l(sifi0(si0(n eili0i %ep*(en /(n" (l26(l2 2n"0in le)ih *en%(n

%e*h(d(p "(n""2(n ini di)(ndin"0(n e*e0( /(n" )e*(d( p(d( s0(l( (0%i8i%(s

pende0(%(n /(n" %in""i.

'(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* d(p(% eni)2l0(n !*)idi%(s d(n

!*%(li%(s /(n" d(p(% 2n52l (n%(*( l(in:1-

1. Pen!l(0(n di se0!l(h d(n 0ine*( /(n" )2*20. Di(n%(*( (n(06(n(04 )(n/(0

/(n" en!l(0 2n%20 pe*"i 0e se0!l(h 2n"0in eili0i 0e5e(s(n s!si(l

/(n" si"nifi0(n.

. Mel(020(n (s(l(h d(n pe*il(02 !p!sisi. B(n/(0 !*(n" den"(n

0e5e(s(n s!si(l /(n" p(*(h en!l(0 2n%20 )e*p(*%isip(si d(l( 0e"i(%(n6

0e"i(%(n s!si(l d(n 2n"0in eili0i led(0(n pe*il(02 2n%20 se*(n"(n

p(ni5 0e%i0( di%ep(%0(n d(l( si%2(si s!si(l

6



3. H2)2n"(n den"(n *e0(n en(di )2*20. P(sien den"(n "(n""2(n

0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* se*in" eili0i )e)e*(p( %e(n d(n se*in"

en!l(0 2nd(n"(n s!si(l.

#. +2*(n"n/( 0e%e*li)(%(n d(l( 0e"i(%(n s!si(l d(n n!n s!si(l. P(sien

den"(n "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* en2n200(n %in"0(% /(n"

le)ih *end(h p(*%isip(si d(l( (%le%i04 0e"i(%(n e0s%*(02*i02le* d(n h!)i

di)(ndin"0(n den"(n dep*esi (%(2 "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n l(inn/(.

&. Pen/(l(h"2n((n <(%. Al0!h!l d(n pen/(l(h"2n((n !)(% se*in" hid2p

)e*d(pin"(n den"(n 0e5e(s(n s!si(l /(n" si"nifi0(n.

,. Dep*esi )e*(%. Dep*esi (/!* 2"( d(p(% en"e)(n"0(n (n%(*( indi8id2

den"(n "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(*.

C. E'#o"o&#

Pen/e)() "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* %id(0 d(p(% didefinisi0(n

se5(*( el(s4 d(n d(p(% dipen"(*2hi !leh 0!)in(si f(0%!*6f(0%!* s!si(l4 "ene%i04

d(n )i!l!"i. +el(in(n 2n"0in )e*0(i%(n den"(n f(0%!*6f(0%!* %epe*(en%(l

/(n" di(*isi. Se5(*( 0h2s2s4 )e*)("(i "(n""2(n 0e5e(s(n p(d( (n(06(n(0 d(n

*e(( %el(h di0(i%0(n den"(n %epe*(en /(n" di%(nd(i den"(n pen"h()(%(n

pe*il(024 %e*(s20 fi%2* en(di pe(l24 %(02%4 d(n di%(*i0 d(l( si%2(si )(*2.11

F(0%!* "ene%i0 %el(h dihip!%esis0(n 2n%20 en/e)()0(n "(n""2(n

0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* d(n f!)i( s!si(l. Se)2(h s%2di 0e)(* di N!*e"i(

ene20(n efe0 "ene%i0 3&7 2n%20 "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(*4 se)("i(n

)es(* 9?37; d(*i "en ini 2"( %e*0(i% den"(n "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n l(inn/(.1

F(0%!* lin"02n"(n 2"( e(in0(n pe*(n d(l( "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n ini.

Pe*il(02 pen"(s2h(n4 sepe*%i 0(sih s(/in" !*(n" %2( *end(h (%(2 eelih(*(4

di0(i%0(n den"(n penin"0(%(n *esi0! "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* 0e%i0((n(06(n(0 ini en5(p(i 2si( de(s(.13

S%2di *e%*!spe0%if de(s( den"(n l(p!*(n "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n

en"hind(* )e*(d( p(d( le8el /(n" %in""i (0i)(% pele5eh(n e!si!n(l p(d( (s(

(n(0 9,17;. N(2n4 0e0e*(s(n fisi0 2n"0in )e*h2)2n"(n le)ih de0(% den"(n

di("n!sis "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n l(in (%(2 "(n""2(n s%*ess p(s5( %*(2(.1#

B(n/(0 !*(n" didi("n!sis den"(n "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* %el(h

eili0i pen"(l((n ((l /(n" en/(0i%0(n se*in" di 0*i%i0 !*(n" %2( d(n

7



(d(n/( pen!l(0(n. +e)2%2h(n (0(n i0(%(n den"(n (d(n/( pen!l(0(n d(*i !*(n"

%2( e)2(% !*(n" /(n" en"(l(i "(n""2(n ini h(2s (0(n h2)2n"(n %e%(pi

0e*ind2(n e*e0( se5(*( )e*%(h(p )e*0e)(n" en(di pe*lind2n"(n di*i

%e*h(d(p 0*i%i0 !*(n" %2(. !*(n" %2( en!l(0 e)2(% !*(n" en"hind(* %e*h(d(p

0*i%i0 !*(n" %2(. Ee0(n (%(2 pen!l(0(n !leh *e0(n6*e0(n (0(n l(n2% epe*02(%

p!l( indi8id2 d(*i pen(*i0(n s!si(l d(n e)e*i0(n 0!n%*i)2si 2n%20 0e%(02%(n

e*e0( %e*h(d(p 0!n%(0 s!si(l.11

D. Gamaran K"#n#s

Mes0ip2n "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* di"()(*0(n p(d( ((l

se0i%(* 1@--4 is%il(h “Avoidant Personality Disorder” %id(0 di"2n(0(n s(p(i

DSM6III p(d( %(h2n 1@?-. D(l( DSM64 "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(*

%e*(s20 d(l( 0el!p!0 $ "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n4 )e*s(( den"(n "(n""2(n

0ep*i)(di(n dependen d(n "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n !)sesif 0!p2lsif. '(n""2(n ini

)e*)("i fi%2* 22 d(*i 0e5e(s(n4 *(s( %(02%4 d(n in%e*n(lis(si 0es2s(h(n.

D(l( 0(s2s "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(*4 !*(n" ende*i%( pe*(s((n

end(l( %id(0 (p2 d(n 0epe0((n %e*h(d(p pen!l(0(n )(h( e*e0(

5ende*2n" eilih en"is!l(si d(*ip(d( *esi0! *(s( s(0i%.11

R!""e d(n +i*0l(nd 9-1#; end(f%(* %22h 0*i%e*i( 2n%20 "(n""2(n

0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(*. O*(n" %e*se)2% h(*2s en2n200(n se%id(0n/( ep(%

2n%20 een2hi ()(n" )(%(s di("n!s%i0. +*i%e*i( %e*se)2% (d(l(h:

1. Men"hind(*i 0e"i(%(n 0e*( /(n" eli)(%0(n 0!n%(0 in%e*pe*s!n(l /(n"

si"nifi0(n4 0(*en( 0e0h((%i*(n %e*h(d(p 0*i%i04 0e%id(0se%22(n4 (%(2

pen!l(0(n.

. Tid(0 )e*sedi( 2n%20 %e*li)(% den"(n !*(n"6!*(n" 0e52(li pene*i((n

%e*%en%2.3. Men2n200(n en(h(n di*i d(l( h2)2n"(n in%i 0(*en( 0e0h((%i*(n

(l2 (%(2 ee0(n.

#. Si)20 den"(n 0e0h((%i*(n ene*i( 0*i%i0 (%(2 pen!l(0(n d(l( si%2(si

s!si(l.

&. Te*h()(% d(l( si%2(si in%e*pe*s!n(l /(n" )(*2 0(*en( pe*(s((n %id(0

(p2.

8



,. Men"(n""(p di*i se)("(i infe*i!* 0ep(d( !*(n" l(in4 %id(0 l(/(0 se5(*(

s!si(l4 (%(2 p*i)(di %id(0 en(*i0.

>. Ad(l(h %e*)i(s( en"()il *esi0! p*i)(di (%(2 2n%20 %e*li)(% d(l( se%i(p

0e"i(%(n )(*2 0(*en( e*e0( d(p(% en2n200(n h(l /(n" e(l20(n.

+*i%e*i( pe*%((4 en"hind(*i 0e"i(%(n 0e*( /(n" /(n" eli)(%0(n

0!n%(0 in%e*pe*s!n(l /(n" si"nifi0(n4 0(*en( 0e0h((%i*(n %e*h(d(p 0*i%i04

0e%id(0se%22(n4 (%(2 pen!l(0(n4 )e*l(02 2n%20 )e0e*( (%(2 di lin"02n"(n

se0!l(h. +(*en( i%24 DSM6 ene"(s0(n )(h( !*(n" /(n" ende*i%( "(n""2(n

0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* 5ende*2n" e)(%(si 0esep(%(n pendidi0(n e*e0(.

Sel(in i%24 e*e0( 5ende*2n" eilih p*!fesi di(n( 0!n%(0 in%e*pe*s!n(l

ini(l. Sel(n2%n/(4 e*e0( en"hind(*i )e0e*( d(l( 0el!p!0 (%(2 %i4

le)ih eilih 2n%20 en/eles(i0(n p*!/e06p*!/e0 independen.1&

+*i%e*i( 0ed2(4 %id(0 )e*sedi( 2n%20 %e*li)(% den"(n !*(n"6!*(n" 0e52(li

pene*i((n %e*%en%24 se*in" e(nifes%(si0(n !leh pen!l(0(n 2n%20 e2l(i

0!n%(0 s!si(l (%(2 )e*"()2n" den"(n 0el!p!0. O*(n" den"(n "(n""2(n

0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* )e*(s2si )(h( !*(n" l(in (0(n se%22 d(n 0*i%is d(n

en"hind(*i in%e*(0si s!si(l 0e52(li (d( sin/(l /(n" el(s d(*i pene*i((n d(n

pe*se%22(n.

+*i%e*i( 0e%i"(4 en2n200(n pen"end(li(n di*i d(l( h2)2n"(n in%i

0(*en( 0e0h((%i*(n (l2 (%(2 ee0(n4 did!*!n" !leh *(s( %(02% di0*i%i0. Indi8id2

den"(n "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* pe*5(/( )(h( i0( e*e0( )en(*6

)en(* di0e%(h2i !leh !*(n" l(in4 e*e0( (0(n h(pi* p(s%i (0(n en/20(i d(n

di%!l(04 /(n" e*e0( (l(i se)("(i ses2(%2 /(n" en/i0s(.1&

+*i%e*i( 0eep(%4 si)20 den"(n 0*i%i0 (%(2 pen!l(0(n d(l( si%2(si

s!si(l4 en/!*!%i sensi%i8i%(s e0s%*i indi8id2 den"(n "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(nen"hind(*. B(h0(n en""!d( sedi0i% )is( di(n""(p se)("(i ee0(n. A0i)(%n/(4

"(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* se*in" di0(%(0(n den"(n )(n/(0 pe*il(02

*(h(si( /(n"4 2n%20 se)("i(n )es(*4 %id(0 *(si!n(l4 0e52(li 2n%20 f(0%( )(h( i%2

e)(( 0e((n(n /(n" dipe*l20(n )(h0(n d(l( h2)2n"(n %e*de0(%

e*e0(.#

+*i%e*i( 0eli(4 %e*h()(% d(l( si%2(si in%e*pe*s!n(l /(n" )(*2 0(*en(

pe*(s((n %id(0 (p24 eli)(%0(n le)ih d(*i se0ed(* 0eh(%i6h(%i(n. Ini se*in"

9



eli)(%0(n pe*)(ndin"(n s!si(l /(n" 2n"0in %id(0 eili0i d(s(* /(n" n/(%(.

Mis(ln/( )(h( !*(n" l(in /(n" (8!id(n% 9en"hind(*; (d(l(h le)ih pin%(*4 le)ih

en(*i04 d(n le)ih s20ses. Se)("(i h(sil d(*i 0eh(%i6h(%i(n /(n" e0s%*i4 !*(n"

/(n" ende*i%( den"(n "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* 5ende*2n" en(h(n

inf!*(si %en%(n" di*i e*e0( sendi*i /(n" )en(*6)en(* d(p(% en/e)()0(n

pen"(l((n en(di sepe*%i d(n dih!*(%i !leh !*(n" l(in. N(2n4 e8(l2(si di*i

s(n"(% ne"(%if d(n pen"h()(%(n defensif en5e"(h !*(n" l(in en"e%(h2i

e*e0( 5202p )(i0 2n%20 i%2 %e*(di.

+*i%e*i( 0een(4 en"(n""(p di*i se)("(i infe*i!* 0ep(d( !*(n" l(in4

%id(0 l(/(0 se5(*( s!si(l4 (%(2 p*i)(di %id(0 en(*i04 )e*f!02s p(d( p(nd(n"(n

ne"(%if !*(n" %en%(n" di*i e*e0( sendi*i. +(*en( 0e%id(0((n(n %en%(n" nil(i d(n

0!pe%ensi e*e0(4 indi8id2 den"(n "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(*

en"(n%isip(si )(h( !*(n" l(in (0(n enil(i (%(2 en"e8(l2(si e*e0( ne"(%if.

Seen%(*( pe*sepsi di*i /(n" ne"(%if 2"( h(di* d(l( )(n/(0 "(n""2(n dep*esi

d(n "(n""2(n 0e5e(s(n s!si(l4 di "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* pe*(s((n

ini d(*i 0e5(n""2n"(n d(n en(di ((l l()(% ((l p(d( (s( de(s(4

independen d(*i s2(s(n( h(%i4 d(n e*es(p.1&

+*i%e*i( 0e%22h4 (d(l(h %e*)i(s( en"()il *esi0! p*i)(di (%(2 2n%20

%e*li)(% d(l( se%i(p 0e"i(%(n )(*2 0(*en( e*e0( d(p(% en2n200(n h(l /(n"

e(l20(n4 en"(52 p(d( 2p(/( defensif indi8id2 2n%20 en"hind(*i

en/(0i%0(n ne"(%if. O*(n" /(n" di di("n!sis den"(n "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n

en"hind(* en"()il ini se5(*( e0s%*i. Me*e0( %id(0 e2l(i pe*5(0(p(n4

en"2n"0(p0(n inf!*(si4 (%(2 en(*i0 pe*h(%i(n 2n%20 di*i e*e0( sendi*i.

B(h0(n /(n" p(lin" )i(s( d(n in%e*(0si pe(l(n 0(0i e*(s( s(n"(% )e*esi0!.

Men"e0sp!s e!si4 )(i0 p!si%if (2p2n ne"(%if4 *en%(n %(0 %e*%(h(n0(n. Ci0(sese!*(n" den"(n "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* eili0i pi0i*(n (%(2

pe*(s((n4 e*e0( (0(n 5ende*2n" 2n%20 en2n""2 !*(n" l(in 2n%20 )e*)("i

pi0i*(n (%(2 pe*(s((n4 e*e0( (0(n 5ende*2n" 2n%20 en2n""2 !*(n" l(in 2n%20

)e*)("i pi0i*(n (%(2 pe*(s((n.1&

Hipe*sensi%i8i%(s %e*h(d(p pen!l(0(n !leh !*(n" l(in (d(l(h "()(*(n

0linis in%i d(*i "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(*. O*(n" den"(n "(n""2(n

en"in"in0(n h2)2n"(n den"(n !*(n" l(in /(n" h(n"(% d(n ((n %e%(pi

10



e)en(*0(n pen"hind(*(n e*e0( 2n%20 e)en%20 pe*s(h()(%(n 0(*en(

pe*(s((n 0e%(02%(n e*e0( (0(n pen!l(0(n. S((% )e*)i5(*( den"(n ses!*(n"4

e*e0( en"e0sp*esi0(n 0e%id(0p(s%i(n d(n %id(0 eili0i 0epe*5(/((n di*i d(n

2n"0in )e*)i5(*( d(l( 5(*( /(n" e*end(h0(n di*i sendi*i. Me*e0( %(02% 2n%20

)e*)i5(*( di dep(n p2)li0 (%(2 e)2(% pe*!h!n(n 2n%20 h(l l(in4 0(*en(

e*e0( 0e(sp(d((n e*e0( /(n" )e*le)ih(n %e*h(d(p pen!l(0(n. Me*e0( 2d(h

0eli*2 en"(*%i0(n 0!en%(* !*(n" l(in se)("(i pen"hin((n (%(2 ee0(n.

Pen!l(0(n s2(%2 pe*!h!n(n en/e)()0(n e*e0( en(*i0 di*i d(*i !*(n" l(in

d(n e*(s( %e*l20(.

D(l( se"i 0e22*(n4 p(sien "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(*i se*in"

0(li en"()il pe0e*((n di "(*is pin""i*. Me*e0( (*(n" en5(p(i 0e(2(n

pe*s!n(l /(n" )(n/(0 (%(2 )(n/(0 )e*l(%ih 0epeipin(n. M(l(h(n4 p(d(

pe0e*((n e*e0( 2n"0in 2d(h (l2 d(n in"in se0(li 0esen(n"(n.

O*(n" den"(n "(n""2(n )i(s(n/( %id(0 (2 e(s20i pe*s(h()(%(n

0e52(li e*e0( di)e*i0(n (in(n /(n" 02(% se5(*( %id(0 )i(s(n/( (0(n

pene*i((n %(np( 0*i%i0. Se)("(i (0i)(%n/(4 e*e0( se*in" 0(li %id(0 eili0i

%e(n de0(% (%(2 %e(n 0epe*5(/((n. P(d( 22n/(4 sif(% 0ep*i)(di(n d(s(*

e*e0( (d(l(h (l26(l2.

E. D#a&nos#s

B(n/(0 !*(n" en2n200(n )e)e*(p( pe*il(02 (8!id(n% p(d( s(%2 %i%i0

(%(2 l(in d(l( 0ehid2p(n e*e0(. Pe*(s((n sese0(li 0e*("2(n di*i d(n 0e%(02%(n

d(l( h2)2n"(n s!5i(l (%(2 p*i)(di /(n" )(*2 d(n (sin" /(n" %id(0 )i(s(4 e*e0(

2"( %id(0 seh(%4 0(*en( si%2(si ini d(p(% ei52 pe*(s((n %id(0 (p2 d(n

0ein"in(n 2n%20 en/e)2n/i0(n d(*i 0!n%(0 s!si(l )(h0(n se)("i(n )es(*

indi8id2 pe*5(/( di*i. Se)2(h 5!n%!h (0(n en(di 0e*("2(n 5e(s se!*(n"ii"*(n )(*2 di ne"(*( den"(n )(h(s( /(n" )e*)ed( d(n 0e)is((n (neh.

+(*(0%e*is%i0 (8!id(n% di(n""(p se)("(i een2hi 0*i%e*i( di("n!s%i0 2n%20

"(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n h(n/( 0(%i0( e*e0(: 2l(i eili0i d(p(0 ne"(%if

(n"0( p(n(n" p(d( !*(n" /(n" %e*0en(4 en/e)()0(n "(n""2(n f2n"si!n(l

se5(*( si"nifi0(n en"2)(h pilih(n pe0e*((n (%(2 "(/( hid2p4 (%(2 se)(li0n/(

)e*d(p(0 02(li%(s hid2p4 d(n en/e)()0(n %e0(n(n e!si!n(l /(n" si"nifi0(n.&

11



'(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* d(p(% %e*(di )e*s(((n den"(n f!)i(

s!si(l l(inn/(4 "(n""2(n !!d d(n 0e5e(s(n4 d(n "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n.

Di("n!sis d(p(% en(di *2i% !leh f(0%( )(h( "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n

en"hind(* 2n"0in )(i0 pen/e)() (%(2 (0i)(% d(*i "(n""2(n !!d d(n

0e5e(s(n l(inn/(. Mis(ln/(4 !*(n" /(n" ende*i%( "(n""2(n dep*esi (/!*

2n"0in 2l(i en(*i0 di*i d(*i si%2(si s!si(l d(n pe*(s((n pen"(l((n )e*h(*"(4

"e(l( /(n" 2"( fi%2* en!n!l d(*i "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(*. Di sisi

l(in4 0e%id(0((n(n d(n is!l(si /(n" "e(l( "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(*

d(p(% ei52 pe*(s((n dep*esi.&

$i*i65i*i "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* 2n"0in i*ip den"(n /(n"

di%e20(n di 0ed2( "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n s0i<!f*eni( d(n s0i<!%ip(l. O*(n"

den"(n "(n""2(n ini *en%(n %e*h(d(p is!l(si s!si(l. Me*e0( /(n" didi("n!sis

den"(n "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(*4 )("(i(n(p2n4 )e*)ed( d(*i !*(n"6

!*(n" den"(n "(n""2(n s0i<!f*eni( (%(2 s0i<!%ip(l4 0(*en( e*e0( in"in eili0i

h2)2n"(n den"(n !*(n" l(in %e%(pi di5e"(h !leh 0e02*(n"(n s!si(l e*e0(. O*(n"

/(n" didi("n!sis den"(n "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n s0i<!f*eni( d(n s0i<!%ip(l4 di sisi

l(in4 )i(s(n/( le)ih s20( is!l(si s!si(l.&

'(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n )i(s(n/( didi("n!sis se%el(h *i(/(% edis len"0(p

d(n ((5(*( den"(n p(sien. Mes0ip2n %id(0 (d( %es l()!*(%!*i2 2n%20

"(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n4 d!0%e* d(p(% e)e*i0(n p(sien pee*i0s((n fisi0 2n%20

en/in"0i*0(n 0e2n"0in(n )(h( s2(%2 0!ndisi edis 22 /(n"

epen"(*2hi pe*il(02 p(sien. Mis(ln/(4 !*(n" den"(n "(n""2(n p(d( s(l2*(n

pen5e*n(n d(p(% en"hind(*i (5(*(6(5(*( s!si(l 0(*en( %(02% se*(n"(n %i)(6%i)(

di(*e (%(2 0e)2%2h(n 2n%20 2n%(h. Ci0( ((n5(*( den"(n p(sien en2n200(n

di("n!sis "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(*4 d!0%e* 2n"0in en"el!l(02esi!ne* di("n!s%i0 (%(2 enis l(in d(*i (l(% penil(i(n.&

Al(% penil(i(n e)(n%2 d(l( endi("n!sis "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n

en"hind(* elip2%i:&

Minnes!%( M2l%iph(si5 Pe*s!n(li%/ In8en%!*/ 9MMPI6;

Mill!n $lini5(l M2l%i(i(l In8en%!*/ 9M$MI6II;

R!*s5h(5h Ps/5h!di("n!s%i5 Tes%

The(%i5 Appe*5ep%i!n Tes% 9TAT;

12



D(l( ((n5(*( 0linis (spe0 /(n" p(lin" pen%in" (d(l(h 0e5e(s(n

p(sien %en%(n" )e*)i5(*( den"(n pe((n5(*(. +e5e(s(n d(n 0e%e"(n"(n p(sien

%(p(0n/( hil(n" d(n %i)2l den"(n pe*sepsi e*e0( (p(0(h pe((n5(*(

en/20(i di*i e*e0(. Me*e0( %(p(0 *en%(n %e*h(d(p 0!en%(* d(n s2"es%i

pe((n5(*( d(n 2n"0in en"(n""(p s2(%2 penel(s(n (%(2 s2(%2 in%e*p*e%(si

se)("(i s2(%2 0*i%i0.

+*i%e*i( di("n!s%i0 2n%20 "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* (n%(*( l(in:

1; Men"hind(*i 0e"i(%(n 0e*( /(n" eli)(%0(n 0!n%(0 in%e*pe*s!n(l /(n"

si"nifi0(n4 0(*en( %(02% (0(n 0*i%i04 5el((n4 (%(2 pen!l(0(n.; Tid(0 (2 %e*li)(% den"(n !*(n" l(in 0e52(li e*(s( /(0in (0(n

disen(n"i.

3; Men2n200(n 0e%e*)(%(s(n d(l( h2)2n"(n in%i 0(*en( *(s( %(02%

dipe*(l20(n (%(2 di%e*%((i.

#; P*e!02p(si den"(n sed(n" di0*i%i0 (%(2 di%!l(0 d(l( si%2(si s!si(l

&; Te*h()(% d(l( si%2(si in%e*pe*s!n(l /(n" )(*2 0(*en( pe*(s((n %id(0

(p2.

,; Me(nd(n" di*i sendi*i se)("(i (n""(l se5(*( s!si(l4 %id(0 en(*i0

se5(*( p*i)(di4 (%(2 le)ih *end(h d(*i !*(n" l(in.

>; +een""(n(n /(n" )e*le)ih(n 2n%20 en"()il *esi0! p*i)(di (%(2

el(020(n (0%i8i%(s )(*2 0(*en( d(p(% e)20%i0(n pen"hin((n.

!*ld He(l%h O*"(ni<(%i!n I$D61- end(f%(* "(n""2((n 0ep*i)((di(n

en"hind(* se)("(i 9F,-.,; "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n 5e(s 9en"hind(*;. H(l ini

di%(nd(i den"(n se%id(0n/( ep(% h(l )e*i02%:1,

1; Pe*(s((n "i"ih d(n e*es(p 0e%e"(n"(n d(n 0e%(02%(n.

; +e/(0in(n )(h( s(l(h se5(*( s!si(l %id(0 l(/(04 se5(*( p*i)(di %id(0

en(*i04 (%(2 le)ih *end(h d(*i !*(n" l(in.

3; +e(s/i0(n /(n" )e*le)ih(n den"(n di0*i%i0 (%(2 di%!l(0 d(l( si%2(si

s!si(l.

#; +een""(n(n 2n%20 %e*li)(% den"(n !*(n"6!*(n" 0e52(li %e*%en%2 /(n"

dis20(i.

13



&; Pe)(%(s(n d(l( "(/( hid2p 0(*en( 0e)2%2h(n 2n%20 eili0i

0e((n(n fisi0.

,; Me"hind(*i 0e"i(%(n s!si(l (%(2 pe0e*((n /(n" eli)(%0(n 0!n%(0

in%e*pe*s!n(l /(n" si"nifi0(n 0(*en( %(02% di0*i%i04 0e%id(0se%22(n4 (%(2

pen!l(0(n.

Fi%2* %e*0(i% d(p(% en5(02p hipe*sensi%i8i%(s %e*h(d(p pen!l(0(n d(n

0*i%i0. Ini e*2p(0(n pe*s/(*(%(n d(*i I$D61- /(n" di("n!sis "(n""2(n

0epe*i)(di(n %e*%en%2 2"( een2hi sepe*(n"0(% 5*i%e*i( "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n

22.1,

-. D#a&nos#s Band#n&

Peneli%i(n en2n200(n )(h( !*(n" den"(n "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n

en"hind(*4 s(( den"(n pende*i%( "(n""2(n 0e5e(s(n s!si(l 0*!nis 92"(

dise)2% f!)i( s!si(l;4 se5(*( )e*le)ih(n e(n%(2 *e(0si in%e*n(l e*e0( sendi*i

0e%i0( e*e0( %e*li)(% d(l( in%e*(0si s!si(l. N(2n4 %id(0 sepe*%i f!)i( s!si(l4

e*e0( 2"( se5(*( )e*le)ih(n e(n%(2 *e(0si d(*i !*(n"6!*(n" den"(n si(p(

e*e0( )e*in%e*(0si. +e%e"(n"(n e0s%*i /(n" di5ip%(0(n !leh !ni%!*in" ini

d(p(% enel(s0(n pe)i5(*((n /(n" *("2 d(n sif(% pendi( d(*i )(n/(0 !*(n"

den"(n "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(*.&

Men2*2% Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

4

"(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* h(*2s di)ed(0(n d(*i "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n

dependen4 p(*(n!id4 s5hi<!id4 d(n s0i<!%ip(l.&

Be*i02% (d(l(h )e)e*(p( di("n!s( )(ndin" d(*i "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n

en"hind(*4 /(0ni:1#

1; '(n""2(n p(ni0 den"(n ("!*(ph!)i(

; '(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n dependen

3; '(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n s5hi<!id

#; '(n""2(n 0!2ni0(si

5) Generalized social anxiety disorder

P(sien den"(n "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* en"in"in0(n in%e*(0si

s!si(l4 di)(ndin"0(n den"(n p(sien "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n s5hi<!id4 /(n" in"in

sendi*i(n. P(sien "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* (d(l(h %id(0 en2n%2%4 %id(0

2d(h (*(h4 (%(2 %id(0 d(p(% di*((l0(n sepe*%i p(sien "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n

14



()(n" d(n his%*i!ni0. '(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* d(n "(n""2(n

0ep*i)(di(n dependen (d(l(h se*2p(. P(sien den"(n "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n

dependen di(n""(p eili0i 0e%(02%(n /(n" le)ih %in""i (0(n penel(n%(*(n (%(2

%id(0 di5in%(i di)(ndin"0(n p(sien den"(n "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(*4

%e%(pi "(()(*(n 0linisn/( 2n"0in %id(0 d(p(% di)ed(0(n.

G. P/ra"anan P/nya#'

B(n/(0 p(sien "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* (p2 2n%20 )e*f2n"si4

(s(l0(n e*e0( d(l( lin"02n"(n /(n" %e*lind2n". Be)e*(p( p(sien eni0(h4

eili0i (n(06(n(04 d(n 0ehid2p(n e*e0( h(n/( di0elilin"i (n""!%( 0el2(*"(.

Te%(pi4 i0( sis%e pend202n" "("(l4 e*e0( en(di s2)e0 dep*esi4 0e5e(s(n4

d(n 0e(*(h(n. Pen"hind(*(n f!)i0 (d(l(h se*in" di%e20(n4 d(n p(sien

"(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* 2n"0in e)e*i0(n *i(/(% f!)i( s!si(l (%(2

)e*0e)(n" en(di f!)i( s!si(l sel(( pe*(l(n(n pen/(0i%n/(.

Tid(0 (d( s%2di (n"0( p(n(n" (n(06(n(0 d(n *e(( den"(n "(n""2(n

0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* /(n" %e*sedi(. +e5e(s(n s!si(l se*in" end(h2l2i !nse%

*e(( dep*esi d(n pen/(l(h"2n((n (l5!h!l. Onse% f!)i( s!si(l p(d( (n(0 le)ih

2d( d(*i 11 %(h2n d(p(% di0(i%0(n den"(n "e(l( )e*l(n2% s(p(i de(s(.1#

Pee*i0s((n !*(n" de(s( den"(n "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(*

en2n200(n )(h( 02*(n"n/( 0e%e*li)(%(n (n(06(n(0 den"(n %e(n se)(/( d(n

0e"("(l(n 2n%20 %e*li)(% d(l( 0e"i(%(n %e*s%*202* d(p(% )e*%(h(n el(l2i (s(

*e(( d(n de(s(. Se)(li0n/(4 !*(n" de(s( /(n" eili0i p*es%(si p!si%if d(n

h2)2n"(n in%e*pe*s!n(l sel(( (s( 0(n(060(n(0 d(n *e(( le)ih 2n"0in

2n%20 en"i*i0(n d(*i "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* se)("(i !*(n" de(s(.

An(06(n(0 )e*2si( %(h2n di"()(*0(n se)("(i !*(n" /(n" s(n"(% %(02% d(n

di%(*i0 d(l( si%2(si )(*2 di%e20(n eili0i %in"0(% /(n" le)ih %in""i0e5e(s(n s!si(l p(d( (s( *e((.1#

H. +/ra#

T22(n 22 d(*i pen"!)(%(n p(d( "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(*

(d(l(h penin"0(%(n h(*"( di*i d(n 0epe*5(/((n di*i. Se)("(i *(s( pe*5(/( di*i

p(sien d(n enin"0(%0(n 0e%e*(pil(n s!si(l4 indi8id2 (0(n le)ih %(h(n %e*h(d(p

p!%ensi(l (%(2 0*i%i0 n/(%( !leh !*(n" l(in.

15



Pen"!)(%(n "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* eli)(%0(n psi0!%e*(pi d(n

!)(%6!)(%(n. S(/(n"n/(4 peneli%i(n pen"!)(%(n (*(n" )e*f!02s 2%(( p(d(

"(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* d(n )20(nn/( en"(n(lisis p(sien den"(n

"(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* se)("(i )("i(n d(*i !*(n"6!*(n" den"(n

s2)%/pe d(*i "(n""2(n 5e(s s!si(l (%(2 "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n l(in. Men"in"(%

0e%e*)(%(s(n ini4 )e)e*(p( enis psi0!%e*(pi %el(h %e*)20%i efe0%if p(d( !*(n"

de(s( den"(n "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(*4 %e*(s20 0!"ni%if pe*il(024

psi0!din(i0 d(n %e*(pi s2p!*%if6e0sp*esif.1>61@

1. Psi0!%e*(pi

!e "#S# $ational %i&rary of Medicine states en"(%(0(n )(h(

psi0!%e*(pi (d(l(h 5(*( /(n" p(lin" efe0%if 2n%20 en"!)(%i !*(n" /(n" di

di("n!sis den"(n "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(*. Psi0!%e*(pi )e0e*( den"(n

e)(n%2 indi8id2 den"(n "(n""2(n ini ("(* en(di 02*(n" sennsi%if %e*h(d(p

pen!l(0(n.&

Psi0!%e*(pi 2n%20 !*(n" den"(n "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(*

)i(s(n/( en5(02p )e*)("(i 2ns2*. +(*en( !*(n"6!*(n" den"(n "(n""2(n

0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* 5ende*2n" elih(% di*i e*e0( d(l( 5(h(/( /(n"

ne"(%if4 2n%20 en"(n%isip(si pen!l(0(n d(*i !*(n" l(in4 d(n pe*5(/( )(h(

pen!l(0(n (0(n %(0 %e*%(h(n0(n4 e*e0( se*in" %id(0 pe*n(h en5(*i pen"!)(%(n

0(*en( e*e0( )e*h(*(p )(h( %e*(pis e*e0( %id(0 (0(n en/20(i e*e0(. 1

+e%i0( e*e0( en5(*i pen"!)(%(n4 %e*(pis h(*2s s(n"(% )e*h(%i6h(%i

d(l( )e*pe*il(02 ("(* en"hind(*i d(*i pen(fsi*(n /(n" en"h(0ii p(sien.

+(*en( !*(n" den"(n "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* sensi%if )(h0(n %e*h(d(p

0*i%i0 /(n" *in"(n. Sel(in i%24 p(sien den"(n "(n""2(n ini eili0i

0e5ende*2n"(n 2n%20 epe*%(n/(0(n 0e(sli(n pe*h(%i(n d(*i %e*(pis e*e0(4sehin""( d(p(% enin"0(%0(n *esi0! %e*h(d(p pen/eles(i(n pen"!)(%(n se)el2

(0%2n/(.#4&

Te*(pi psi0!%e*(pe2%i0 %e*"(n%2n" p(d( 0ep(d(%(n s2(%2 i0(%(n den"(n

p(sien. Me)e*i0(n ep(%i d(n 0eh(n"(%(n s!si(l s(n"(% pen%in" d(l(

e)(n"2n 0epe*5(/((n. S((% 0epe*5(/((n )e*0e)(n"4 (hli %e*(pi

en/(p(i0(n si0(p ene*i( (0(n 0e%(02%(n p(sien4 0h2s2sn/( *(s( %(02% (0(n

pen!l(0(n. Ahli %e*(pi (0hi*n/( end!*!n" p(sien 2n%20 0el2(* 0e d2ni( 2n%20

16



el(020(n (p( /(n" di*(s(0(n e*e0( eili0i *esi0! %in""i pen"hin((n4

pen!l(0(n4 d(n 0e"("(l(n. Te*(pis 2"( e)(n%2 p(sien 2n%20 en"e)(n"0(n

0e%e*(pil(n s!si(l4 ((ln/( d(l( h2)2n"(n den"(n %e*(pis4 /(n" d(p(%

)e*f2n"si se)("(i %ep(% 2n%20 )el((* d(n )e*l(%ih )e"(i(n( )e*in%e*(0si

den"(n !*(n" l(in. Te%(pi (hli %e*(pi h(*2s )e*h(%i6h(%i s((% e)e*i0(n %2"(s

2n%20 )e*l(%ih 0e%e*(pil(n s!si(l /(n" )(*2 di l2(* %e*(pi4 0(*en( 0e"("(l(n d(p(%

epe*)e*(% h(*"( di*i p(sien /(n" %el(h )2*20. Se%el(h 0e%e*(pil(n dipe*!leh4

p(sien se5(*( )e*%(h(p en"e0sp!s di*i 2n%20 si%2(si s!si(l 2n%20 enin"0(%0(n

0epe*5(/((n di*i e*e0( d(n )el((* )(h( 0en/(%((nn/( (d(l(h (2h le)ih

en(02%0(n d(ip(d( (p( /(n" e*e0( )(/(n"0(n.&

• Te*(pi psi0!din(i0( )e*!*ien%(si

Pende0(%(n ini )i(s(n/( end202n"4 %e*(pi ep(%i den"(n p(sien /(n"

eili0i *(s( /(n" 02(% d(*i *(s( (l2 d(n %id(0 (p2 2n%20 en5ip%(0(n

h2)2n"(n 0epe*5(/((n. Te*(pi )i(s(n/( )e*"e*(0 pe*l(h(n p(d( ((ln/(

0(*en( !*(n" den"(n "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* eili0i pe*(s((n

52*i"( %e*h(d(p !*(n" l(in4 pen"!)(%(n d(l( 0e(d((n e!si!n(l /(n"

%e*l(l2 5ep(% d(p(% en/e)()0(n pen(*i0(n di*i le)ih p*!%e0%if !leh e*e0(.

Sepe*%i endi*i0(n 0epe*5(/((n d(n p(sien e*(s( le)ih ((n d(l(

endis02si0(n si%2(si d(n 0e(d((n e*e0(4 indi8id2 2n"0in d(p(%

en(*i0 h2)2n"(n pen%in" (n%(*( pe*(s((n s(n"(% (l2 d(n pe*il(02 e*e0(

d(l( si%2(si s!si(l.&

• $!"ni%i8e )eh(8i!2*(l %he*(p/ 9$BT;

Te*(pi pe*il(02 0!"ni%if 9$BT; d(p(% e)(n%2 d(l( en"!)(%i indi8id2

den"(n "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(*. Pende0(%(n ini en"(s2si0(n

)(h( p!l( 0!"ni%if %e*dis%!*si den"(n ee*i0s( 8(lidi%(s (s2si e*e0(.

Ci0( se!*(n" p(sien e*(s( di( 0(l(h den"(n %e(n6%e(nn/(4 %id(0 dis20(i4

d(n %id(0 d(p(% di%e*i( se5(*( s!si(l4 %e*(pis 0!"ni%if (0(n en"2i *e(li%(s

(s2si ini den"(n ein%( p(sien 2n%20 en/e)2%0(n n(( %e(n6%e(n

d(n 0el2(*"( /(n" eni0(%i pe*2s(h((nn/(4 (%(2 en""()(*0(n

pe*%e2(n s!si(l di (s( l(l2 /(n" )e*0es(n 2n%20 di(. Den"(n

en2n200(n p(sien /(n" en"h(*"(i pe*2s(h((n !*(n" l(in d(n si%2(si

17



s!si(l )is( en(di en/en(n"0(n4 i*(si!n(li%(s 0e%(02%(n s!si(l d(n

0e%id(0((n(n /(n" %e*0en(. P*!ses ini di0en(l se)("(i *es%*20%2*is(si

0!"ni%if.&

• Te*(pi 0el!p!0

Te*(pi 0el!p!0 d(p(% e)e*i0(n p(sien den"(n "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n

en"hind(* den"(n pen"(l((n s!si(l en"e0sp!s e*e0( 2n%20 2p(n

)(li0 d(*i !*(n" l(in d(l( lin"02n"(n /(n" ((n d(n %e*0end(li. Me*e0(

2n"0in4 n(2n4 en""(n 2n%20 (s20 d(l( %e*(pi 0el!p!0 0(*en(

e*e0( %(02% (0(n pen!l(0(n s!si(l. Lin"02n"(n ep(%i d(l( pen"(%2*(n

0el!p!0 d(p(% e)(n%2 se%i(p (n""!%( en"(%(si 0e5e(s(n s!si(ln/(.

Pel(%ih(n 0e%e*(pil(n s!si(l 2"( d(p(% di(s200(n 0e d(l( %e*(pi

0el!p!0 2n%20 enin"0(%0(n 0es(d(*(n s!si(l d(n 2p(n )(li0.&

• Te*(pi 0el2(*"( d(n pe*0(in(n

Te*(pi 0el2(*"( (%(2 p(s(n"(n d(p(% )e*(nf((% )("i p(sien /(n" in"in

0el2(* d(*i p!l( 0el2(*"( /(n" epe*02(% pe*il(02 en"hind(*. F!02s

%e*(pi pe*0(in(n (0(n en5(02p en5!)( 2n%20 e2%2s si0l2s

pen!l(0(n4 0*i%i0 (%(2 ee0(n /(n" )i(s(n/( en5i*i0(n pe*ni0(h(n p(lin"

(8!id(n%. S%*(%e"i l(in %e*(s20 e)(n%2 p(s(n"(n 2n%20

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*(s( (l2.&

. F(*(0!%e*(pi

F(*(0!%e*(pi %el(h di"2n(0(n 2n%20 en(n"(ni 0e5e(s(n d(n dep*esi

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pen"h()(%6)e%(4 sepe*%i (%en!l!l 9Ten!*in;4 2n%20 en"(%(si hipe*(0%i8i%(s

sis%e s(*(f !%!n!i04 /(n" 5ende*2n" %in""i p(d( p(sien den"(n "(n""2(n

0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(*4 0h2s2sn/( i0( e*e0( en"h(d(pi si%2(si /(n"

en(02%0(n.

Tid(0 (d( !)(% /(n" %el(h dise%22i se5(*( 0h2s2s 2n%20 pen"el!l((n

indi8id2 den"(n "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(*. N(2n peneli%i(n %el(h

end!02en%(si0(n penin"0(%(n p(d( p(sien /(n" een2hi 0*i%e*i( 2n%20

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den"(n se*!%!nin *e2p%(0e inhi)i%!* d(n )en<!di(<epines.114-

18



• Sele5%i8e se*!%!nin *e2p%(0e inhi)i%!* 9SSRI;

Me0(nise 0e*( !)(% ini en"h()(% *e2p%(0e se*!%!nin di p*esin(ps4

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d(l( sin(ps. Mes0ip2n %id(0 (d( !)(% /(n" dise%22i !leh F!!d (nd

D*2" Adinis%*(%i!n 9FDA; 2n%20 en"!)(%i "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n

en"hind(* /(n" SSRI p(*!e%ine 9P(il; d(n se*%*(line 9!l!f%; d(n

SNRI 8enl(f(ine 9Effe!*; (d(l(h dise%22i FDA 2n%20 en"!)(%i

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(n%idep*es(n l(in 0(*en( p*!fil efe0 s(pin" SSRI 02*(n" en!n!l.

SSRI %id(0 eili0i *esi0! (*i%i( (n%2n" /(n" %e*0(i% den"(n

(n%idep*es(n %*isi0li0. Resi0! (*i%i( ini %e*2%(( *ele8(n d(l( 0(s2s6

0(s2s !8e*d!sis4 d(n *esi0! )2n2h di*i h(*2s sel(l2 dipe*%i)(n"0(n

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pe*%(( 2n%20 "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* d(n f!)i( s!si(l.

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0e((n(n *el(%if d(l( !8e*d!sis. Pe)e*i(n ((l & " POGh(*i.

D(p(% enin"0(% & " p(d( in%e*8(l 1 in""2 %id(0 le)ih d(*i --

"Gh(*i.

• Ben<!di(<epines

A"en ini %e*i0(% 0e *esep%!* )en<!di(<epine %e*%en%2 p(d( 0!ple0s

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(fini%(s *esep%!* 'ABA 2n%20 *esep%!* %e*se)2%. Me*e0( 2"(

enin"0(%0(n f*e02ensi pe)20((n s(l2*(n 0l!*in d(n e*esp!n

pen"i0(%(n 'ABA. Resep%!* 'ABA (d(l(h s(l2*(n 0l!*in /(n"

eedi(si pen"h()(%(n p!s% sin(ps4 sehin""( ne2*!n p!s% sin(ps

en(di hipe*p!l(*is(si. H(sil (0hi*n/( (d(l(h efe0 sed(%i8e6hipn!%is

d(n efe0 (ni!li%i0. Ben<!di(<epine p!%ensi %in""i 5ende*2n" efe0%if

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9+l!n!pin; di"2n(0(n se5(*( 0linis 2n%20 en"!)(%i 0e5e(s(n s!si(l4

es0ip2n %id(0 (d( peneli%i(n %e*0!n%*!l /(n" dil(020(n p(d( p!p2l(si

19



ini 2n%20 end!02en%(si0(n 0e(2(nn/(. O)(% ini di/(0ini )e0e*(

p(d( *esep%!* di !%(0 'ABA4 0h2s2sn/( d(e*(h li)i0.1

Te*lep(s d(*i !d(li%(s pen"!)(%(n4 )("(i(n(p2n4 s(l(h s(%2 02n5i 2n%20

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en"(n%isip(si i0( %e*(pis end202n" p(sien d(n end!*!n" e*e0( 2n%20

en"h(d(pi 0e%(02%(n e*e0(.11

BAB III

KESIMP)(AN

'(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n (8!id(n% (%(2 "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n 5e(s

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0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* en"(l(i f!)i( s!si(l4 5(n""2n" d(n e*(s( %id(0

n/((n den"(n !*(n"6!*(n".>

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se0i%(* &7 di 0!2ni%(s d(n h(pi* 1&7 di (n%(*( p(sien *((% (l(n 0ei((n.

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0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* 14#7 p(d( l(0i6l(0i d(n 4&7 p(d( (ni%(.?4@

20



Pen/e)() "(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* %id(0 d(p(% didefinisi0(n

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pe*il(024 %e*(s20 fi%2* en(di pe(l24 %(02%4 d(n di%(*i0 d(l( si%2(si )(*2.11

'(n""2(n 0ep*i)(di(n en"hind(* (d(l(h s(l(h s(%2 "(n""2(n

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(n%(*( l(in:

1; Men"hind(*i 0e"i(%(n 0e*( /(n" eli)(%0(n 0!n%(0 in%e*pe*s!n(l

/(n" si"nifi0(n4 0(*en( %(02% (0(n 0*i%i04 5el((n4 (%(2 pen!l(0(n.

; Tid(0 (2 %e*li)(% den"(n !*(n" l(in 0e52(li e*(s( /(0in (0(n

disen(n"i.

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se5(*( p*i)(di4 (%(2 le)ih *end(h d(*i !*(n" l(in.

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B(l%es4 P. B. 9eds.; 'nternational encyclopedia of t!e social &e!avioral

sciences4 As%e*d(: Else8ie*.

#. Ae*i5(n Ps/5hi(%*i5 Ass!5i(%i!n 9-13;. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual

of Mental Disorders 9Fif%h ed.;. A*lin"%!n4 A: Ae*i5(n Ps/5hi(%*i5

P2)lishin". pp. ,#,,#@.

&. Ae*i5(n Ps/5hi(%*i5 Ass!5i(%i!n: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of

Mental Disorders *ourt! +ditionext ,evision. (shin"%!n D.$.4 Ae*i5(n

Ps/5hi(%*i5 Ass!5i(%i!n. ---.

,. (n el<en4 $. C. M. 9--;. Social P!o&ia and Personality Disorders-

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'*!nin"en.

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22



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Gen Psyc!iatry. --, M(/. ,39&;:&>@6?>.

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Psyc!iatry. --3 Sep. #9@;:1163-.

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nd Ed. 9pp. &>6,,;. A5(dei5 P*ess: S(n Die"!.

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23



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