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MALAYSIA

BANCI EKONOMI

ECONOMIC CENSUS

2016

STATISTIK MILIKAN WANITA

WOMEN-OWNED STATISTICS

MALAYSIA

JABATAN PERANGKAAN MALAYSIA DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS, MALAYSIA

Pemakluman/Announcement:

Dimaklumkan bahawa Kerajaan Malaysia telah mengisytiharkan Hari

Statistik Negara (MyStats Day) pada 20 Oktober

setiap tahun. Tema sambutan MyStats Day 2017 adalah

“Data Berkualiti, Kehidupan Sejahtera.”

Please be informed that the Government of Malaysia has declared

National Statistics Day on October 20 each year.

MyStats Day 2017 theme is

“Better Data, Better Lives.”

Diterbitkan oleh:

Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia

Blok C6, Kompleks C,

Pusat Pentadbiran Kerajaan Persekutuan,

62514 Putrajaya,

MALAYSIA

Tel. : 03-8885 7000

Faks : 03-8888 9248

Portal : https://www.dosm.gov.my

Facebook : www.facebook.com/StatsMalaysia

Twitter : https://twitter.com/StatsMalaysia

Harga /Price : RM50.00

Diterbitkan pada Disember 2017

Hakcipta terpelihara.

Tiada bahagian daripada terbitan ini boleh diterbitkan semula, disimpan untuk pengeluaran atau

ditukar dalam apa-apa bentuk atau alat apa jua pun kecuali setelah mendapat kebenaran

daripada Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia.

Pengguna yang mengeluarkan sebarang maklumat dari terbitan ini sama ada yang asal atau

diolah semula hendaklah meletakkan kenyataan berikut:

“Sumber: Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia.”

Published by:

Department of Statistics, Malaysia

Block C6, Complex C,

Federal Government Administrative Centre,

62514 Putrajaya,

MALAYSIA

Tel. : 03-8885 7000

Fax : 03-8888 9248

Portal : https://www.dosm.gov.my

Facebook : www.facebook.com/StatsMalaysia

Twitter : https://twitter.com/StatsMalaysia

Published in December 2017

All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means or stored

in database without the prior written permission from Department of Statistics, Malaysia. Users

reproducing content of this publication with or without adaptation should quote the following:

“Source: Department of Statistics, Malaysia.”

ISBN 978-967-2000-54-9

KATA PENGANTAR

Penerbitan Statistik Milikan Wanita adalah hasil daripada Banci Ekonomi (BE) 2016 dan

julung kali diterbitkan oleh Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. Usaha menerbitkan

parameter tambahan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penemuan BE dari dimensi yang

berbeza selari dengan usaha Jabatan untuk merakyatkan statistik. Penerbitan ini

mengeluarkan statistik Milikan Wanita bagi memenuhi keperluan merancang polisi

dan program pembangunan negara. Di samping itu, statistik ini juga berguna untuk

ahli akademik dan individu dalam menjalankan penyelidikan.

Penerbitan ini menyediakan statistik bagi semua industri yang telah dikelaskan di

bawah Piawaian Klasifikasi Industri Malaysia (MSIC) 2008 Ver.1.0, selaras dengan

International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC), Revision

4, 2008. Data utama yang berkaitan dengan nilai output kasar, nilai input

perantaraan, nilai ditambah, bilangan pekerja, gaji & upah dan nilai harta tetap

dilaporkan dalam penerbitan ini. Maklumat pekerja mengikut kelulusan dan pemilikan

wanita turut dipaparkan.

Pelaporan penerbitan ini dibahagikan kepada empat bahagian. Bahagian pertama

memaparkan infografik statistik utama dan ringkasan penemuan bagi statistik Milikan

Wanita. Aspek teknikal seperti skop & liputan, konsep & definisi dan pembolehubah

utama yang digunakan diterangkan dalam bahagian kedua bagi memudahkan

pengguna memahami statistik yang diterbitkan. Manakala, bahagian ketiga

menerangkan konsep asas statistik dan bahagian keempat memaparkan jadual

perangkaan secara terperinci.

Jabatan merakamkan setinggi-tinggi penghargaan atas kerjasama yang diberikan

oleh semua pihak yang terlibat dalam menjayakan penerbitan ini. Setiap maklum

balas dan cadangan untuk penambahbaikan laporan ini pada masa akan datang

amat dihargai.

DATO' SRI DR. MOHD UZIR MAHIDIN

Ketua Perangkawan Malaysia

Disember 2017

i

PREFACE

The publication of Statistics for Women-owned is an outcome of the Economic Census (BE)

2016 which is the first attempt undertaken by the Department of Statistics Malaysia. The

effort to publish this additional parameters is to review BE in different dimensions in tandem

with the Department’s efforts to deliver citizen-centric statistics. This publication produces

statistics for Women-owned to fulfill the requirement of state policy planning and

development. In addition, these statistics are useful for academia and individuals for

research purposes.

This publication provides statistics for all industries classified under the Malaysia Standard

Industrial Classification (MSIC) 2008 Ver. 1.0, in accordance with the International Standard

Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC), Revision 4, 2008. Key data related

to value of gross output, value of intermediate input, value added, number of persons

engaged, salaries & wages and value of fixed assets are reported in this publication.

Information on number of persons engaged by qualification and women ownership are

also published.

The reporting of this publication is divided into four sections. The first section portrays the

infographic of main statistics and summary of findings for Women-owned statistics. The

technical aspects such as scope & coverage, concepts & definitions as well as the main

variables used are elaborated in the second section to facilitate users understanding.

Meanwhile, the third section explains the basic concepts of statistics and the fourth

section portrays the detailed statistics tables.

The Department gratefully acknowledges the co-operation rendered by all parties

involved in making this publication a success. Every feedback and suggestion towards

improving future reports is highly appreciated.

DATO' SRI DR. MOHD UZIR MAHIDIN

Chief Statistician Malaysia

December 2017

ii

KANDUNGAN CONTENTS

Muka Surat

Page

Kata pengantar i

Preface

Kandungan ii

Contents

BAHAGIAN 1: Penemuan utama & ringkasan penemuan 5

SECTION 1: Main findings & summary of findings

BAHAGIAN 2: Nota teknikal 27

SECTION 2: Technical notes

BAHAGIAN 3: Konsep asas statistik 61

SECTION 3: Basic concept of statistics

BAHAGIAN 4: Jadual

SECTION 4: Tables

JADUAL A : Jadual utama

TABLES A: Main tables

A1 Perangkaan utama mengikut sektor, 2015 73

Principal statistics by sector, 2015

A2 Perangkaan utama pertubuhan milikan wanita mengikut sektor, 75

2010 dan 2015

Principal statistics of women-owned establishments by sector,

2010 and 2015

A3 Perangkaan utama pertubuhan milikan wanita mengikut negeri, 2015 76

Principal statistics of women-owned establishments by state, 2015

A4 Perangkaan utama pertubuhan milikan wanita dalam sektor 77

pertanian, 2015

Principal statistics of women-owned establishments in agriculture

sector, 2015

A5 Perangkaan utama pertubuhan milikan wanita dalam sektor pelombongan & 78

pengkuarian, 2015

Principal statistics of women-owned establishments in mining & quarrying

sector, 2015

iii

KANDUNGAN CONTENTS

Muka Surat

Page

A6 Perangkaan utama pertubuhan milikan wanita dalam sektor 79

pembuatan, 2015

Principal statistics of women-owned establishments in manufacturing

sector, 2015

A7 Perangkaan utama pertubuhan milikan wanita dalam sektor pembinaan, 82

2015

Principal statistics of women-owned establishments in construction sector,

2015

A8 Perangkaan utama pertubuhan milikan wanita dalam sektor perkhidmatan, 83

2015

Principal statistics of women-owned establishments in services sector, 2015

A9 Perangkaan utama pertubuhan milikan wanita mengikut saiz output, 2015 85

Principal statistics of women-owned establishments by output size, 2015

A10 Perangkaan utama pertubuhan milikan wanita mengikut saiz pekerja, 2015 86

Principal statistics of women-owned establishments by employment size, 2015

A11 Perangkaan utama pertubuhan milikan wanita mengikut saiz harta tetap, 87

2015

Principal statistics of women-owned establishments by size of fixed assets,

2015

A12 Bilangan pekerja dan gaji & upah pertubuhan milikan wanita mengikut 88

kategori pekerja dan jantina, 2015

Number of persons engaged and salaries & wages in women-owned

establishments by category of workers and sex, 2015

A13 Bilangan pekerja dan gaji & upah pertubuhan milikan wanita mengikut 89

sektor, 2015

Number of persons engaged and salaries & wages in women-owned

establishments by sector, 2015

A14 Bilangan pekerja pertubuhan milikan wanita mengikut kategori pekerja 90

dan kewarganegaraan, 2015

Number of persons engaged in women-owned establishments by category

of workers and citizenship, 2015

A15 Bilangan pekerja pertubuhan milikan wanita mengikut sektor dan 91

kategori kemahiran, 2015

Number of persons engaged in women-owned establishments by sector

and category of skills, 2015

iv

KANDUNGAN CONTENTS

A16 Bilangan pekerja pertubuhan milikan wanita mengikut kelulusan dan 92

sektor, 2015

Number of persons engaged in women-owned establishments by

qualification and sector, 2015

A17 Nilai harta tetap pertubuhan milikan wanita mengikut sektor, 2015 93

Value of fixed assets of women-owned establishments by sector, 2015

A18 Perangkaan utama pertubuhan milikan wanita PKS mengikut sektor, 2015 94

Principal statistics of women-owned establishments SMEs by sector, 2015

JADUAL B: Jadual tambahan

TABLES B: Additional tables

B1 Penggunaan komputer, internet dan web presence mengikut 97

sektor/ subsektor bagi pertubuhan milikan wanita, 2015

Usage of computer, internet and web presence by sector/

sub-sector for women-owned establishments, 2015

B2 Pendapatan dan perbelanjaan e-Dagang pertubuhan milikan wanita 99

mengikut sektor/ subsektor, 2015

Income and expenditure of e-Commerce of women-owned establishments

by sector/ sub-sector, 2015

B3 Pendapatan e-Dagang pertubuhan milikan wanita mengikut jenis 101

pasaran dan sektor/ subsektor, 2015

Income of e-Commerce of women-owned establishments by type of

market and sector/ sub-sector, 2015

B4 Bilangan pertubuhan milikan wanita dan pecahan perbelanjaan 103

perlindungan alam sekitar mengikut sektor, 2015

Number of women-owned establishments and share of environmental

protection expenditure by sector, 2015

B5 Bilangan pertubuhan milikan wanita yang mempunyai pensijilan 104

alam sekitar mengikut sektor, 2015

Number of women-owned establishments with environmental

certification by sector, 2015

B6 Bilangan pertubuhan milikan wanita dan jenis perbelanjaan perlindungan 105

alam sekitar mengikut sektor, 2015

Number of women-owned establishments and type of environmental

protection expenditure by sector, 2015

v

Muka Surat

Page

Muka surat ini sengaja dibiarkan kosong

This page is deliberately left blank

RINGKASAN PENEMUAN

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

BAHAGIAN 1

SECTION 1

PENEMUAN UTAMA


https://www.facebook.com/StatsMalaysia https://twitter.com/StatsMalaysia

BANCI EKONOMI 2016

RM85.0b 187,265

RM35.5b 127,533

853,559 RM39.6b

559,939 RM17.2b

RM37.9b RM14.1b

RM11.4b RM5.5b

2015

2010

Bilangan

pertubuhan

Nilai output

kasar Nilai

ditambah Bilangan

pekerja

Gaji &

upah Nilai harta

tetap

Kadar pertumbuhan tahunan

20.7% 27.2% 8.0% 19.1% 18.2% 8.8%

PERANGKAAN UTAMA

Bilangan Pertubuhan Milikan Wanita 2015 Mengikut Sektor

Perlombongan

& pengkuarian Pembuatan Pertanian Pembinaan Perkhidmatan

1,5411,541 2020 9,5469,546 2,6222,622 173,536173,536

MAIN FINDINGS OF


https://www.facebook.com/StatsMalaysia https://twitter.com/StatsMalaysia

ECONOMIC CENSUS 2016

RM85.0b 187,265

RM35.5b 127,533

853,559 RM39.6b

559,939 RM17.2b

RM37.9b RM14.1b

RM11.4b RM5.5b

2015

2010

Number of

establishments Value of

gross output Value

added Numbers of

persons engaged

Salaries &

wages Value of

fixed assets

KEY STATISTICS

Number of Women-owned Establishments by Sector

Mining &

quarrying Manufacturing Agriculture Construction Services

1,5411,541 2020 9,5469,546 2,6222,622 173,536173,536

Annual growth rate

20.7% 27.2% 8.0% 19.1% 18.2% 8.8%


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1. PENGENALAN

Laporan ini membentangkan perangkaan bagi pertubuhan Milikan Wanita

berdasarkan maklumat yang diperoleh daripada Banci Ekonomi 2016. Laporan

ini merangkumi semua sektor ekonomi: Pertanian, Perlombongan &

pengkuarian, Pembuatan, Pembinaan dan Perkhidmatan.

2. PRESTASI PERTUBUHAN MILIKAN WANITA

Penemuan banci menunjukkan sebanyak 187,265 pertubuhan Milikan Wanita

yang menyumbang 20.3 peratus daripada keseluruhan sektor ekonomi pada

tahun 2015. Nilai output kasar dan nilai ditambah yang dijana oleh pertubuhan

Milikan Wanita masing-masing berjumlah RM85.0 bilion (3.4%) dan RM39.6 bilion

(4.0%). Bilangan pekerja yang terlibat dalam pertubuhan Milikan Wanita adalah

seramai 853,559 orang (9.8%) dengan gaji & upah yang dibayar sebanyak

RM14.1 bilion (5.7%). Nilai harta tetap pertubuhan Milikan Wanita pula

direkodkan sebanyak RM37.9 bilion atau 2.4 peratus seperti di Paparan 1.

Paparan 1: Perangkaan Utama Pertubuhan Milikan Wanita, 2015

920,624

187,265

Nilai

ditambah

(RM bilion)

Bilangan

pertubuhan Gaji & upah

(RM bilion)

RM983.1

RM39.6

RM245.7

RM14.1

Keseluruhan

sektor

Ekonomi

Pertubuhan

Milikan

Wanita

% Sumbangan

Milikan

Wanita

20.3%

RM2,489.5

RM85.0

Nilai

output kasar

(RM bilion)

3.4%

Bilangan

pekerja

(orang)

8,732,238

853,559

9.8%

Nilai harta

tetap

(RM bilion)

RM1,598.6

RM37.9

2.4%

5.7% 4.0%

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3. BILANGAN PERTUBUHAN

Pada tahun 2015, sebanyak 187,265 pertubuhan Milikan Wanita berbanding

127,533 pertubuhan pada tahun 2010 dengan kadar pertumbuhan tahunan

sebanyak 8.0 peratus. Sektor Perkhidmatan mencatatkan sumbangan tertinggi

sebanyak 92.7 peratus (173,536 pertubuhan), diikuti oleh sektor Pembuatan

5.1 peratus (9,546 pertubuhan) dan sektor Pembinaan 1.4 peratus

(2,622 pertubuhan). Sektor Pertanian mencatatkan kadar pertumbuhan yang

tertinggi sebanyak 21.6 peratus diikuti oleh sektor Pembinaan (13.8%) dan sektor

Perkhidmatan (8.2%) seperti yang ditunjukkan pada Paparan 2.

4. NILAI OUTPUT KASAR

Nilai output kasar yang dijana oleh pertubuhan Milikan Wanita berjumlah

RM85.0 bilion atau menyumbang sebanyak 3.4 peratus kepada keseluruhan sektor

ekonomi di Malaysia pada tahun 2015. Sektor Perkhidmatan menjana nilai output

kasar yang tertinggi sebanyak RM56.2 bilion atau 66.1 peratus, seterusnya diikuti

oleh sektor Pembuatan RM16.7 bilion atau 19.7 peratus dan sektor Pembinaan

RM6.8 bilion (8.0%) seperti di Paparan 3.

Paparan 2: Bilangan Pertubuhan Milikan Wanita mengikut Sektor, 2010 dan 2015

Perlombongan


11,628 1,026 49,101 40,558 818,311 Keseluruhan

Ekonomi 920,624

Jumlah

1,541 20 9,546 2,622 173,536 Milikan Wanita

2015 187,265

580 32 8,792 1,371 116,758 Milikan Wanita

2010 127,533

21.6% -9.0% 1.7% 13.8% 8.2% 8.0% Kadar Pertumbuhan

Tahunan

100% 0.8% 0.0% 5.1% 1.4% 92.7%

Peratus

Sumbangan

Kepada

Keseluruhan Milikan

Wanita

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Kadar pertumbuhan tahunan bagi nilai output kasar pertubuhan Milikan Wanita

sebanyak 19.1 peratus berbanding 2010. Sektor Pembuatan menunjukkan kadar

pertumbuhan yang tertinggi sebanyak 40.5 peratus, diikuti oleh sektor Pertanian

(35.1%) dan sektor Perkhidmatan (16.0%).

5. NILAI DITAMBAH

Nilai ditambah yang dijana oleh pertubuhan Milikan Wanita sebanyak

RM39.6 bilion atau menyumbang sebanyak 4.0 peratus kepada keseluruhan

sektor ekonomi di Malaysia pada tahun 2015. Sektor Perkhidmatan kekal

merekodkan nilai ditambah tertinggi sebanyak RM30.1 bilion atau 76.1 peratus.

Ini diikuti oleh sektor Pembuatan (RM4.2 bilion; 10.6%) dan sektor Pertanian

(RM2.8 bilion; 7.1%).

Paparan 3: Nilai Output Kasar Pertubuhan Milikan Wanita mengikut Sektor, 2010 dan 2015

7

Perlombongan

& pengkuarian

Pembuatan

Pertanian

Pembinaan

Perkhidmatan

35.1% 2015: RM5,229 (6.1%)

2010: RM1,163 (3.3%)

40.5%

16.0%

9.4%

2015: RM28 (0.0%)

2010: RM187 (0.5%)

2015: RM16,711 (19.7%)

2010: RM3,051 (8.6%)

2015: RM6,825 (8.0%)

2010: RM4,358(12.3%)

2015: RM56,243 (66.1%)

2010: RM22,776 (75.4%)

Nilai output kasar (RM juta)

(% sumbangan)

2015: RM85,036

2010: RM35,534 19.1%

Kadar

pertumbuhan

tahunan

-31.7%


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Kadar pertumbuhan tahunan bagi nilai ditambah pertubuhan Milikan Wanita

sebanyak 18.2 peratus berbanding RM17.2 bilion pada tahun 2010. Sektor

Pertanian menunjukkan kadar pertumbuhan yang tertinggi sebanyak

34.3 peratus diikuti oleh sektor Pembuatan (33.7%) dan sektor Perkhidmatan

(16.7%) seperti ditunjukkan pada Paparan 4.

6. BILANGAN PEKERJA

Bilangan pekerja bagi pertubuhan Milikan Wanita berjumlah 853,559 orang.

Daripada jumlah ini, seramai 576,462 atau 67.5 peratus merupakan pekerja

bergaji sepenuh masa. Seramai 242,547 orang adalah pemilik yang bekerja

dan pekerja keluarga tanpa gaji (28.4%) manakala 34,550 orang (4.1%) ialah

pekerja bergaji sambilan.

Paparan 4: Nilai Ditambah Pertubuhan Milikan Wanita mengikut Sektor, 2010 dan 2015

Perlombongan

& pengkuarian

Pembuatan

Pertanian

Pembinaan

Perkhidmatan

34.3% 2015: RM2,825 (7.1%)

2010: RM646 (3.8%)

-26.3%

33.7%

16.7%

10.1%

2015: RM14 (0.0%)

2010: RM 67 (0.4%)

2015: RM4,186 (10.6%)

2010: RM980 (5.7%)

2015: RM2,458 (6.2%)

2010: RM1,518 (8.8%)

2015: RM30,128 (76.1%)

2010: RM13,942 (81.3%)

Nilai ditambah (RM juta)

(% sumbangan)

2015: RM39,611

2010: RM17,153 18.2%

Kadar

pertumbuhan

tahunan

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Sektor Perkhidmatan merekodkan bilangan pekerja yang tertinggi dalam

pertubuhan Milikan Wanita seramai 670,628 orang atau 78.6 peratus. Ini diikuti

oleh sektor Pembuatan (86,051 orang; 10.1%) dan sektor Pembinaan

(56,822 orang; 6.7%). Walau bagaimanapun, sektor Pertanian dan sektor

Pembinaan mencatatkan peratus sumbangan pekerja bergaji sepenuh masa

yang tertinggi, masing-masing sebanyak 95.6 peratus dan 95.5 peratus seperti di

Paparan 5.

Paparan 5: Bilangan Pekerja Pertubuhan Milikan Wanita mengikut Kategori Pekerja,

2015

576,462

orang

(67.5%)

Pekerja bergaji

sambilan

Pemilik yang

bekerja & pekerja

keluarga tanpa gaji

Pekerja bergaji

sepenuh masa

Bilangan pekerja pertubuhan Milikan Wanita 2015

853,559 orang

242,547

orang

(28.4%)

34,550

orang

(4.1%)

Perlombongan

& pengkuarian

Pembuatan Pertanian Pembinaan Perkhidmatan

38,088

(95.6%) 205

(94.0%)

73,545

(85.5%)

54,287

(95.5%)

410,337

(61.2%) Pekerja bergaji

sepenuh masa

Jumlah pekerja

39,840

(100%) 218

(100%)

86,051

(100%)

56,822

(100%)

670,628

(100%)

Pemilik yang bekerja

& pekerja keluarga tanpa gaji 879

(2.2%) 8

(3.7%)

10,114

(11.7%)

2,200

(3.9%)

229,346

(34.2%)

Pekerja bergaji sambilan 873

(2.2%) 5

(2.3%)

2,392

(2.8%)

335

(0.6%)

30,945

(4.6%)

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7. GAJI & UPAH YANG DIBAYAR

Pada tahun 2015, gaji & upah yang dibayar oleh pertubuhan Milikan Wanita

adalah berjumlah RM14.1 bilion dengan kadar pertumbuhan tahunan,

20.7 peratus berbanding tahun 2010. Jumlah gaji & upah yang tertinggi

direkodkan dalam sektor Perkhidmatan RM10.1 bilion dengan peratusan

sumbangan 71.3 peratus. Ini diikuti oleh sektor Pembuatan dan sektor Pembinaan

masing-masing mencatatkan jumlah gaji & upah sebanyak RM2.0 bilion (14.1%)

dan RM1.3 bilion (9.3%) seperti di Paparan 6.

Paparan 6: Gaji & Upah yang dibayar Pertubuhan Milikan Wanita mengikut Sektor,

2010 dan 2015

2015: RM738

2010: RM135

2015: RM5

2010: RM23

2015: RM1,992

2010: RM498

2015: RM1,319

2010: RM948

2015: RM10,072

2010: RM3,920

Perlombongan


40.4% -25.0% 32.0% 6.8% 20.8%

RM juta

2015: RM14,126

2010: RM5,524

JUMLAH

20.7%

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8. PRESTASI PERTUBUHAN MILIKAN WANITA MENGIKUT NEGERI

Bilangan pertubuhan

Dari segi bilangan pertubuhan, Selangor mencatatkan bilangan tertinggi

sebanyak 27,111 pertubuhan atau 14.5 peratus. Ini diikuti oleh Kelantan

(18,452 pertubuhan; 9.9%) dan W.P. Kuala Lumpur (17,560 pertubuhan; 9.4%).

Ketiga-tiga negeri ini secara kolektif telah menyumbang 33.8 peratus

kepada keseluruhan bilangan pertubuhan Milikan Wanita pada tahun 2015.

Nilai output kasar

Tiga negeri iaitu Selangor, W.P. Kuala Lumpur dan Johor masing-masing

merupakan penyumbang utama nilai output kasar. Selangor merekodkan

nilai output kasar tertinggi sebanyak RM23,491 juta (27.6%), diikuti W.P. Kuala

Lumpur (RM14,590 juta; 17.2%) dan Johor (RM10,575 juta; 12.4%).

Nilai ditambah

Negeri Selangor menyumbang nilai ditambah tertinggi sebanyak

RM11,466 juta (29.0%) diikuti oleh W.P. Kuala Lumpur (RM7,414 juta; 18.7%)

dan Johor (RM4,328 juta; 10.9%).

Bilangan pekerja

Bilangan pekerja dalam pertubuhan Milikan Wanita merekodkan seramai

853,559 orang, yang mana 19.8 peratus bekerja di Selangor. Seramai

101,327 pekerja (11.9%) dicatatkan di W.P. Kuala Lumpur manakala

101,033 pekerja (11.8%) dilaporkan di Johor.

Gaji & upah dibayar

Gaji & upah yang dibayar di Selangor mencatatkan bayaran gaji tertinggi

iaitu RM3.9 bilion atau 27.8 peratus. Ini diikuti oleh W.P. Kuala Lumpur

(RM2.6 bilion; 18.3%) dan Johor (RM2.0 bilion; 13.9%).

11


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Malaysia

187,265

pertubuhan

RM85,035 juta

RM39,611 juta

853,559

orang

RM14,126 juta

Johor

16,015

pertubuhan

RM10,575 juta

RM4,328 juta

101,033

orang

RM1,962 juta

Kedah

11,812

pertubuhan

RM3,008 juta

RM1,353 juta

43,396

orang

RM454 juta

Kelantan

18,452

pertubuhan

RM1,959 juta

RM1,019 juta

48,009

orang

RM262 juta

Melaka

6,646

pertubuhan

RM2,186 juta

RM1,310 juta

26,760

orang

RM331 juta

Negeri

Sembilan

7,581

pertubuhan

RM2,658 juta

RM1,140 juta

35,809

orang

RM530 juta

Pahang

9,841

pertubuhan

RM3,186 juta

RM1,472 juta

44,155

orang

RM528 juta

Pulau Pinang

10,524

pertubuhan

RM5,654 juta

RM2,538 juta

48,287

orang

RM814 juta

Perak

14,941

pertubuhan

RM3,764 juta

RM1,742 juta

56,129

orang

RM701 juta

Perlis

2,208

pertubuhan

RM411 juta

RM197 juta

7,760

orang

RM61 juta

Paparan 7: Perangkaan Utama Pertubuhan Milikan Wanita mengikut Negeri, 2015

Terengganu

10,142

pertubuhan

RM1,435 juta

RM702 juta

29,918

orang

RM226 juta

Selangor

27,111

pertubuhan

RM23,491 juta

RM11,466 juta

169,275

orang

RM3,926 juta

12

Petunjuk

Bilangan pertubuhan



Gaji & upah dibayar (RM juta)

Bilangan pekerja


RIN

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PEN

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Sabah

19,077

pertubuhan

RM5,428 juta

RM2,546 juta

78,609

orang

RM914 juta

Sarawak

14,376

pertubuhan

RM6,314 juta

RM2,214 juta

58,457

orang

RM774 juta

W.P Labuan

697

pertubuhan

RM240 juta

RM102 juta

2,864

orang

RM36 juta

W.P Kuala Lumpur

17,560

pertubuhan

RM14,590 juta

RM7,414 juta

101,327

orang

RM2,579 juta

W.P Putrajaya

282

RM135 juta

RM67 juta

1,671

orang

RM27 juta

Paparan 7: Perangkaan Utama Pertubuhan Milikan Wanita mengikut Negeri, 2015 (samb.)

Petunjuk

Bilangan pertubuhan



Gaji & upah dibayar (RM juta)

Bilangan pekerja

13


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9. PERTUBUHAN PERUSAHAAN KECIL DAN SEDERHANA (PKS) MILIKAN WANITA

Pada tahun 2015, jumlah PKS yang dimiliki oleh wanita ialah 186,930 pertubuhan

atau 20.3 peratus kepada keseluruhan pertubuhan di Malaysia (Paparan 8).

Dari jumlah ini, 173,323 pertubuhan atau 92.7 peratus terlibat dalam sektor

Perkhidmatan dan diikuti oleh sektor Pembuatan iaitu sebanyak

9,519 pertubuhan (5.1%). Bakinya, 4,088 pertubuhan (2.2%) terlibat dalam sektor

Pembinaan, Pertanian dan Perlombongan & pengkuarian.

Paparan 8: Bilangan PKS Milikan Wanita mengikut Sektor, 2015

100%

12.9%

1.9%

19.4%

6.3%

21.2%

0.8%

0.0%

5.1%

1.4%

92.7%

Perlombongan

& Pengkuarian

Pembuatan

Pertanian

Pembinaan

Perkhidmatan

1,498

20

9,519

2,570

173,323

20.3% 186,930

11,628

1,026

49,101

40,558

818,311

920,624

Keseluruhan

Milikan

Wanita Peratus Milikan

Wanita

Sumbangan pertubuhan PKS

Milikan Wanita

186,930 Bilangan PKS Milikan

Wanita

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1. INTRODUCTION

This report presents statistics on Women-owned establishments that was

compiled based on Economic Census 2016. The report covers all economic

sectors: Agriculture, Mining & quarrying, Manufacturing, Construction and

Services.

2. WOMEN-OWNED ESTABLISHMENTS PERFORMANCE

The census showed that there were 187,265 Women-owned establishments

which contributed 20.3 per cent to the total economic sector in 2015. Value of

gross output and value added generated by Women-owned establishments

amounted to RM85.0 billion (3.4%) and RM39.6 billion (4.0%) respectively.

Number of persons engaged for Women-owned establishments were

853,559 (9.8%) persons with salaries & wages paid of RM14.1 billion (5.7%). The

value of fixed assets for Women-owned establishments were recorded at

RM37.9 billion or 2.4 per cent as shown in Exhibit 1.

Exhibit 1: Key Statistics of Women-owned Establishments, 2015

RM2,489.5

RM85.0

Value of gross

output

(RM billion)

Number of persons

engaged (person)

Value of fixed

assets

(RM billion)

8,732,238

853,559

RM1,598.6

RM37.9

Overall

Economic

Sector

Women-owned

Establishments

% Share of

Women-owned

920,624

187,265

Number of

establishments

20.3%

3.4% 9.8% 2.4%

Salaries & wages

paid

(RM billion)

RM245.7

RM14.1

5.7%

Value

added

(RM billion)

RM983.1

RM39.6

4.0%

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3. NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS

In 2015, there were 187,265 Women-owned establishments as compared to

127,533 establishments in 2010 with an annual growth rate at 8.0 per cent.

Services sector recorded the highest contribution with 92.7 per cent

(173,536 establishments), followed by Manufacturing sector 5.1 per cent

(9,546 establishments) and Construction sector 1.4 per cent

(2,622 establishments). Agriculture sector posted the highest annual growth of

21.6 per cent followed by Construction sector (13.8%) and Services sector (8.2%)

as shown in Exhibit 2.

4. VALUE OF GROSS OUTPUT

Value of gross output generated by the Women-owned establishments

amounted to RM85.0 billion which contributed 3.4 per cent to overall economic

sectors in Malaysia for year 2015. Services sector generated the highest value of

gross output of RM56.2 billion or 66.1 per cent, subsequently followed by

Manufacturing sector of RM16.7 billion or 19.7 per cent and Construction sector

RM6.8 billion (8.0%) as shown in Exhibit 3.

Exhibit 2: Number of Women-owned Establishments by Sector, 2010 and 2015

Mining&


11,628 1,026 49,101 40,558 818,311 Overall

Economic 920,624

Total

1,541 20 9,546 2,622 173,536 Women-owned

2015 187,265

580 32 8,792 1,371 116,758 Women-owned

2010 127,533

21.6% -9.0% 1.7% 13.8% 8.2% 8.0% Annual Growth

Rate

100% 0.8% 0.0% 5.1% 1.4% 92.7%

Percentage

Share to

Overall

Women-owned

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Women-owned establishments registered an annual growth rate of 19.1 per cent for

value of gross output as compared to 2010. Manufacturing sector showed the highest

growth rate of 40.5 per cent followed by Agriculture sector (35.1%) and Services

sector (16.0%).

5. VALUE ADDED

Value added generated by Women-owned establishments was RM39.6 billion which

contributed 4.0 per cent to overall economic sectors in Malaysia for year 2015.

Services sector remained to record the highest value added of RM30.1 billion or

76.1 per cent. This was followed by Manufacturing sector (RM4.2 billion; 10.6%) and

Agriculture sector (RM2.8 billion; 7.1%).

Exhibit 3:Value of Gross Output of Women-owned Establishments by Sectors,

2010 and 2015

Mining &

quarrying

Manufacturing

Agriculture

Construction

Services

35.1% 2015: RM5,229 (6.1%)

2010: RM1,163 (3.3%)

40.5%

16.0%

9.4%

2015: RM28 (0.0%)

2010: RM187 (0.5%)

2015: RM16,711 (19.7%)

2010: RM3,051 (8.6%)

2015: RM6,825 (8.0%)

2010: RM4,358 (12.3%)

2015: RM56,243 (66.1%)

2010: RM26,776 (75.4%)

Value of gross output (RM million)

(% share)

2015: RM85,036

2010: RM35,534 19.1%

Annual

growth rate

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The annual growth rate for value added of women-owned establishments was

18.2 per cent as compared to RM17.2 billion in 2010. Agriculture sector posted the

highest annual growth of 34.3 per cent, followed by Manufacturing sector (33.7%) and

Services sector (16.7%) as shown in Exhibit 4.

6. NUMBER OF PERSONS ENGAGED

The number of persons engaged in Women-owned establishments were

853,559 persons. Out of this total, 576,462 persons or 67.5 per cent were paid full-time

employees. A total of 242,547 persons were working proprietors and unpaid family

workers (28.4%) whilst 34,550 persons (4.1%) were paid part-time employees.

Exhibit 4: Value Added of Women-owned Establishments by Sectors, 2010 and 2015

34.3% 2015: RM2,825 (7.1%)

2010: RM646 (3.8%)

-26.3%

33.7%

16.7%

10.1%

2015: RM14 (0.0%)

2010: RM 67 (0.4%)

2015: RM4,186 (10.6%)

2010: RM980 (5.7%)

2015: RM2,458 (6.2%)

2010: RM1,518 (8.8%)

2015: RM30,128 (76.1%)

2010: RM13,942 (81.3%)

Value added (RM million)

(% share)

2015: RM39,611

2010: RM17,153

Annual

growth rate

18.2%

Mining &

quarrying

Manufacturing

Agriculture

Construction

Services

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Services sector recorded the highest number of persons engaged of Women-owned

establishments amounting to 670,628 persons or 78.6 per cent. This was followed by

Manufacturing sector (86,051 persons; 10.1%) and Construction sector

(56,822 persons; 6.7%). Nevertheless, Agriculture and Construction sector recorded the

highest percentage of paid full-time employees, 95.6 per cent and 95.5 per cent

respectively as shown in Exhibit 5.

Exhibit 5: Number of Persons Engaged of Women-Owned Establishments by Category of

Workers, 2015

576,462

persons

(67.5%)

Part-time

employees

Working proprietors

and unpaid

family workers

Full-time paid

employees

Number of persons engaged for Women-owned establishments 2015

853,559 persons

242,547

persons

(28.4%)

34,550

persons

(4.1%)

Total numbers of

persons engaged

39,840

(100%) 218

(100%)

86,051

(100%)

56,822

(100%)

670,628

(100%)

Full-time paid

employees 38,088

(95.6%) 205

(94.0%)

73,545

(85.5%)

54,287

(95.5%)

410,337

(61.2%)

Working proprietors

and unpaid family workers

879

(2.2%) 8

(3.7%)

10,114

(11.7%)

2,200

(3.9%)

229,346

(34.2%)

Part-time

employees

873

(2.2%) 5

(2.3%)

2,392

(2.8%)

335

(0.6%)

30,945

(4.6%)

Mining &


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7. SALARIES & WAGES PAID

In 2015, salaries & wages paid for Women-owned establishments amounted to

RM14.1 billion, with annual growth of 20.7 percent as compared to 2010. Services

sector recorded the highest total salaries & wages paid RM10.1 billion with

percentage contribution of 71.3 per cent. This was followed by Manufacturing and

Construction sector RM2.0 billion (14.1%) and RM1.3 billion (9.3%) respectively as

shown Exhibit 6.

Exhibit 6: Salaries & Wages Paid of Women-owned Establishments by Sector, 2010 and 2015

2015: RM738

2010: RM135

2015: RM5

2010: RM23

2015: RM1,992

2010: RM498

2015: RM1,319

2010: RM948

2015: RM10,072

2010: RM3,920

Mining &


40.4% -25.0% 32.0% 6.8% 20.8%

RM million

2015: RM14,126

2010: RM5,524

TOTAL

20.7%

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8. PERFORMANCE OF WOMEN-OWNED ESTABLISHMENTS BY STATES

Number of establishments

In terms of number of establishments, Selangor recorded the highest

number of 27,111 establishments or 14.5 per cent. This was followed by

Kelantan (18,452 establishments; 9.9%) and W.P. Kuala Lumpur

(17,560 establishments; 9.4%). These three states collectively contributed

33.8 per cent to the total number of Women-owned establishments in 2015.

Value of gross output

Three states namely Selangor, W.P. Kuala Lumpur and Johor were the major

contributors to value of gross output. Selangor recorded the highest value of

gross output of RM23,491 million (27.6%), followed by W.P. Kuala Lumpur

(RM14,590 million; 17.2%) and Johor (RM10,575 million; 12.4%).

Value added

Selangor contributed the highest value added with RM11,466 million (29.0%)

followed by W.P. Kuala Lumpur (RM7,414 million; 18.7%) and Johor

(RM4,328 million; 10.9%).

Number of persons engaged

The number of persons engaged in Women-owned establishments recorded

853,559 persons with 19.8 per cent worked in Selangor. A total of 101,327

persons (11.9%) were registered at W.P. Kuala Lumpur, while 101,033 persons

(11.8%) were reported in Johor.

Salaries & wages paid

Selangor registered the highest salaries & wages paid with RM3.9 billion or

27.8 per cent. This was followed by W.P. Kuala Lumpur (RM2.6 billion; 18.3%)

and Johor (RM2.0 billion; 13.9%).

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Malaysia

187,265 establishments

RM85,034 million

853,559 persons

RM14,126 million

Johor


RM10,575 million

101,033 persons

RM1,962 million

Kedah


RM3,008 million

43,396 persons

RM454 million

Kelantan


RM1,959 million

48,009 persons

RM262 million

Melaka


RM2,186 million

RM1,310 million

26,760 persons

RM331 million

Negeri Sembilan


RM2,658 million

RM1,140 juta

35,809 persons

RM530 million

Pahang


RM3,186 million

RM1,472 million

44,155 persons

RM528 million

Pulau Pinang


RM5,654 million

RM2,538 million

48,387 persons

RM814 million

Perak


RM3,764 million

RM1,742 million

56,129 persons

RM701 million

Perlis


RM411 million

RM197 million

7,760 persons

RM61 million

Exhibit 7: Key Statistics of Women-owned Establishments by States, 2015

Terengganu


RM1,435 million

RM702 million

29,918 persons

RM226 million

Selangor


RM23,491 million

RM11,466 million

169,275 persons

RM3,926 million

22

Legend

Number of

establishments



Salaries & wages (RM million)

Number of

persons engaged

RM39,611 million

RM4,328 million

RM1,353 million

RM1,019 million


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Exhibit 7: Key Statistics of Women-owned Establishments by States, 2015 (cont’d.)

Legend

Number of

establishments



Salaries & wages (RM million)

Number of

persons engaged

23

Sabah


RM5,428 million

RM2,546 million

78,609 persons

RM914 million

Sarawak


RM6,314 million

RM2,214 million

58,457 persons

RM774 million

W.P. Labuan

697 establishments

RM240 million

RM102 million

2,864 persons

RM36 million

W.P. Kuala Lumpur


RM14,590 million

RM7,414 million

101,327 persons

RM2,579 million

W.P. Putrajaya

282 establishments

RM135 million

RM67 million

1,671 persons

RM27 million


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9. WOMEN-OWNED SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISE (SMEs) ESTABLISHMENTS

In 2015, women-owned SMEs accounted for 186,930 establishments or

20.3 per cent to total in Malaysia (Exhibit 8). Out of the total, 173,323

establishments or 92.7 per cent engaged in Services sector and followed by

Manufacturing sector of 9,519 establishments (5.1%). The remaining

4,088 establishments (2.2%) were involved in Construction, Agriculture and Mining

& quarrying sectors.

Exhibit 8: Number of Women-owned SMEs by Sector, 2015

100%

12.9%

1.9%

19.4%

6.3%

21.2%

0.8%

0.0%

5.1%

1.4%

92.7%

Mining &

quarrying

Manufacturing

Agriculture

Construction

Services

1,498

20

9,519

2,570

173,323

20.3% 186,930

11,628

1,026

49,101

40,558

818,311

920,624

Overall

Women-

owned

Percentage

of Women-

owned

Share of Women-owned

SMEs establishment

186,930 Number of

Women-owned SMEs

24

NOTA TEKNIKAL

TECHNICAL NOTES

BAHAGIAN 2

PART 2

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1. PENDAHULUAN

Banci ini meliputi pertubuhan berdaftar yang terlibat dalam sektor Pertanian,

Perlombongan dan pengkuarian, Pembuatan, Pembinaan dan Perkhidmatan.

Sumber maklumat utama rangka pertubuhan diperoleh daripada Suruhanjaya

Syarikat Malaysia (SSM). Selain daripada SSM, maklumat rangka banci juga

dikemas kini daripada sumber seperti Lembaga Kemajuan Perindustrian Malaysia

(MIDA), Kementerian Pertanian dan Asas Tani, Lembaga Pembangunan Industri

Pembinaan Malaysia (LPIPM), Jabatan Mineral & Geosains Malaysia (JMG),

Suruhanjaya Tenaga (ST), pelbagai persatuan perniagaan dan perdagangan,

iklan surat khabar dan laman web.

Dalam banci ini, usahawan dalam sektor Pertanian yang berdaftar dengan

Kementerian Pertanian dan Industri Asas Tani atau agensi-agensi kerajaan yang

lain bagi maksud menerima bantuan TIDAK diliputi.

Bagi penerbitan ini, data Perdagangan Edaran yang merangkumi Perdagangan

Borong, Perdagangan Runcit dan Kenderaan Bermotor telah dianggarkan

menggunakan data daripada Banci Perdagangan Edaran (CDT) yang

dilaksanakan pada tahun 2014 bagi tahun rujukan 2013. Anggaran dibuat

dengan menggunakan struktur CDT 2014 dan mengunakan data Penyiasatan

Perdagangan Edaran Bulanan (MDT) 2014. Purata yang diperoleh daripada data

MDT bagi tempoh 2010 hingga 2015 terhadap data Perdagangan Edaran 2008

tersebut.

2. KUASA PERUNDANGAN

Banci Ekonomi 2016 ini dilaksanakan di bawah Akta Perangkaan 1965 (Disemak

1989). Seksyen 5 di bawah akta ini menghendaki mana-mana pertubuhan yang

beroperasi di Malaysia untuk memberikan maklumat sebenar atau anggaran

terbaik kepada Jabatan. Mengikut Akta ini, kandungan soal selidik adalah sulit

dan hanya angka agregat diterbitkan.

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3. KONSEP DAN DEFINISI

Pertubuhan

Pertubuhan ditakrifkan sebagai “satu unit ekonomi yang bergiat di bawah satu hak

milik atau penguasaan tunggal, iaitu di bawah satu entiti yang sah. Ia menjalankan

satu jenis aktiviti ekonomi utama di satu tempat/lokasi fizikal”. Setiap pertubuhan

diberikan klasifikasi industri yang berbeza berdasarkan aktiviti utamanya dan bukannya

mengikut aktiviti syarikat induk.

Tahun banci

Tahun banci merujuk kepada tahun pelaksanaan banci.

Tahun rujukan

Tahun rujukan bagi banci ini ialah tahun takwim 2015. Pertubuhan yang mempunyai

tahun perakaunan yang berbeza bagi tahun takwim diminta menyediakan laporan

mengikut tahun perakaunan yang meliputi sebahagian besar daripada tahun rujukan.

Jenis aktiviti perniagaan

Jenis aktiviti perniagaan merujuk kepada aktiviti utama dan sekunder. Aktiviti utama

merujuk kepada aktiviti yang mana pertubuhan menumpukan sebahagian besar

sumbernya atau memberikan sumbangan besar dari segi pendapatan. Aktiviti

sekunder adalah sampingan atau sokongan kepada aktiviti utama. Klasifikasi industri

pertubuhan dibuat berdasarkan aktivti utama dan mengikut Piawaian Klasifikasi Industri

Malaysia (MSIC) versi 1.0. MSIC 2008 versi 1.0 yang diguna pakai adalah selaras

dengan Piawaian Klasifikasi Industri Antarabangsa bagi semua Aktiviti Ekonomi (ISIC),

Semakan Ke-4, Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu, dengan pengubahsuaian untuk

keperluan tempatan.

Definisi tersebut adalah termasuk aktiviti berikut:

i. Pertanian merangkumi aktiviti penanaman, pemeliharaan dan penternakan

haiwan dan pengeluaran produk haiwan, penebangan kayu balak dan

tanaman lain, serta perikanan tangkapan dan akuakultur termasuk

penggunaan sumber semulajadi tumbuh-tumbuhan dan haiwan.

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ii. Tanaman merujuk penanaman dan pengeluaran produk tanaman. Ia juga

termasuk pertanian organik dan penanaman yang dimodifikasikan secara

genetik. Tanaman juga meliputi penanaman tanaman jangka panjang dan

tanaman jangka pendek, pembiakan tumbuhan dan pertanian campur.

iii. Ternakan ialah binatang-binatang atau unggas yang dipelihara untuk tujuan

komersil, sara diri, pembiakbakaan dan rekreasi. Pengeluaran ternakan

termasuk penternakan (ladang) dan pembiakan semua haiwan, kecuali

haiwan akuatik.

iv. Perhutanan dan pembalakan termasuk pengeluaran kayu balak untuk

industri berasas kayu, meliputi pengestrakan dan pengumpulan produk

hutan bukan kayu yang tumbuh liar. Selain pengeluaran kayu balak,

aktiviti perhutanan yang menghasilkan produk melalui proses minima

seperti kayu api, kayu arang, reja kayu dan kayu balak yang digunakan

dalam bentuk yang belum diproses. Aktiviti ini boleh dijalankan dalam hutan

asli dan ladang hutan. Ia juga termasuk sebahagian daripada aktiviti operasi

perhutanan berdasarkan bayaran atau secara kontrak.

v. Perikanan ialah penangkapan, pemungutan dan pembiakan hidupan laut

daripada lautan, pinggir pantai, perairan pedalaman dan kuala atas dasar

komersil dan untuk kegunaan sendiri, tetapi bukan untuk bersukan.

Akuakultur ialah proses pengeluaran yang melibatkan pengkulturan

(termasuk tuaian) organisma akuatik dengan menggunakan teknik yang

direka bentuk untuk meningkatkan pengeluaran organisma tersebut melebihi

kapasiti persekitaran semulajadinya.

vi. Perlombongan adalah ditakrif sebagai pengestrakan, pembersihan dan

pemanfaatan mineral-mineral semulajadi, berbentuk pepejal seperti arang

batu dan bijih, cecair seperti minyak mentah dan berbentuk gas seperti gas

asli. Perlombongan termasuk lombong bawah tanah dan lombong

permukaan, kuari dan telaga-telaga dan semua kegiatan tambahan untuk

pembersihan dan pemanfaatan bijih dan mineral mentah lain seperti

pemecahan, penapisan, pembasuhan, pembersihan, penggredan,

pengilangan, pengapungan, peleburan, penggentelan, pengkacipan dan

persiapan-persiapan lain yang diperlukan bagi menyediakan bahan-bahan

ini untuk membolehkannya dipasarkan. Aktiviti perlombongan juga

dikelaskan kepada kumpulan-kumpulan berdasarkan mineral utama yang

dikeluarkan.

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vii. Pengkuarian merujuk kepada aktiviti pengekstrakan dari lombong atau kuari

dan pengorekan mendapan lanar (aluvium), pemecahan batu dan

penggunaan garam paya. Produk ini digunakan dengan meluas dalam sektor

pembinaan (cth. pasir, batu, dll.), pembuatan bahan mentah (cth. tanah liat,

gipsum, kalsium, dll.), pembuatan bahan kimia, dll.

Ia termasuk pengkuarian, pemotongan kasar bongkah batu dan batu

bangunan seperti marmar, granit, batu pasir, dll, pengkuarian, pemecahan

dan pemotongan batu kapur, perlombongan gipsum dan anhidrit,

perlombongan kapur dan dolomit, pengekstrakan dan penggorekan pasir

industri, pasir untuk pembinaan dan kerikil, memecah dan menghancur batu

dan kerikil, pengkuarian pasir dan perlombongan tanah liat, refraktori tanah liat

dan kaolin. Ia juga termasuk perlombongan mineral kimia dan baja,

pengekstrakan tanah gambut, pengekstrakan garam, dan dll.

viii. Pembuatan

Perubahan fizikal atau kimia ke atas bahan atau komponen menjadi produk

baru sama ada kerja itu dilakukan oleh jentera yang dijalankan dengan

tangan, sama ada dijalankan dalam kilang atau di rumah pekerja, dan sama

ada barang keluaran dijual secara borong atau runcit.

Subsektor Pembuatan terdiri daripada 24 Bahagian iaitu:

i. Pembuatan produk makanan;

ii. Pembuatan minuman;

iii. Pembuatan produk tembakau;

iv. Pembuatan tekstil;

v. Pembuatan pakaian;

vi. Pembuatan produk kulit dan barangan berkaitan;

vii. Pembuatan kayu dan produk kayu dan gabus, kecuali perabot;

pembuatan bagi artikel jerami dan bahan-bahan anyaman;

viii. Pembuatan kertas dan produk kertas;

ix. Percetakan dan penerbitan semula media rakaman;

x. Pembuatan kok dan produk petroleum bertapis;

xi. Pembuatan kimia dan produk kimia;

xii. Pembuatan produk farmaseutikal asas, kimia perubatan dan botani;

xiii. Pembuatan produk getah dan plastik;

xiv. Pembuatan produk galian bukan logam lain;

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xv. Pembuatan logam asas;

xvi. Pembuatan produk logam, kecuali mesin dan kelengkapan;

xvii. Pembuatan komputer, produk elektronik dan optikal;

xviii. Pembuatan kelengkapan elektrik;

xix. Pembuatan jentera dan peralatan t.t.t.l;

xx. Pembuatan kenderaan bermotor, treler dan semi treler;

xxi. Pembuatan kelengkapan pengangkutan lain;

xxii. Pembuatan perabot;

xxiii. Pembuatan lain; dan

xxiv. Membaiki dan pemasangan jentera dan kelengkapan.

ix. Pembinaan

Pembinaan baru, pengubahsuaian, pembaikan dan perobohan. Pemasangan

sebarang jenis jentera atau peralatan yang dipasang ketika pembinaan asal

adalah diambil kira, demikian juga bagi pemasangan jentera atau peralatan

selepas pembinaan asal tetapi memerlukan perubahan struktur bagi

pemasangannya.

x. Perkhidmatan

Perkhidmatan berkaitan Bekalan elektrik, gas, wap & pendingin udara; Bekalan

air; pembentungan, pengurusan sisa & aktiviti pemulihan; Perdagangan

edaran, Pengangkutan & penyimpanan; Maklumat & telekomunikasi,

Penginapan, Makanan & minuman; Kewangan & insurans; Aktiviti hartanah;

Profesional, saintifik & teknikal; Aktiviti pentadbiran & khidmat sokongan;

Pendidikan; Aktiviti kesihatan kemanusiaan & kerja sosial; Kesenian, hiburan &

rekreasi dan Perkhidmatan persendirian & lain-lain aktiviti.

xi. Bekalan air, pembentungan, pengurusan sisa & aktiviti pemulihan meliputi

aktiviti yang berkaitan dengan pengurusan sisa (termasuk pungutan,

perawatan dan pelupusan) seperti sisa terjadual, sisa pepejal dan air sisa

daripada perindustrian dan isi rumah, termasuk juga pemulihan bahan dan

tapak yang tercemar. Hasil sisa daripada proses perawatan boleh dilupus atau

menjadi input kepada proses pengeluaran yang lain. Aktiviti yang berkaitan

dengan perawatan dan bekalan air juga dimasukkan dalam sektor ini.

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xii. Perdagangan edaran merangkumi perdagangan borong dan runcit, jualan

dan pembaikan kenderaan bermotor & motosikal.

xiii. Pengangkutan & penyimpanan meliputi pertubuhan terlibat dalam

menyediakan perkhidmatan darat, pengangkutan muatan melalui jalan raya,

pengangkutan darat lain, pengangkutan air, penggudangan & aktiviti

sokongan seperti pengoperasian terminal, tempat letak kereta, pengoperasian

lebuh raya, pengoperasian pelabuhan, pengendalian kargo/pemunggahan,

agensi perkapalan & penghantaran serta lain-lain aktiviti sokongan

perkhidmatan pengangkutan.

xiv. Maklumat & Komunikasi terdiri daripada aktiviti penerbitan wayang gambar,

video dan program televisyen, rakaman bunyi dan penerbitan muzik, aktiviti

pemprograman dan penyiaran, perkhidmatan telekomunikasi,

pengaturcaraan komputer, perundingan dan aktiviti yang berkaitan dan

aktiviti perkhidmatan maklumat.

xv. Perkhidmatan penginapan merujuk kepada penyediaan tempat penginapan

jangka pendek berbayar, sama ada dibuka kepada orang awam atau terhad

kepada ahli sebuah pertubuhan tertentu.

xvi. Perkhidmatan makanan & minuman termasuk perkhidmatan makanan dan

minuman yang menyediakan hidangan atau minuman lengkap untuk

penggunaan segera, sama ada di restoran tradisional, restoran layan diri atau

bawa pulang, yang didirikan secara kekal atau sementara, dengan atau tiada

kemudahan tempat duduk.

xvii. Perkhidmatan kewangan adalah meliputi aktiviti perantaraan kewangan; aktiviti

perkhidmatan kewangan lain dan aktiviti sokongan kepada perkhidmatan

kewangan; aktiviti insurans/takaful, insurans/takaful semula dan tabungan

pencen & hemat; dan aktiviti sokongan kepada insurans/takaful dan tabungan

pencen.

xvii. Perkhidmatan hartanah termasuk tindakan seperti pemberi pajak, agen dan/

atau broker di dalam satu atau lebih daripada yang berikut: penjualan atau

pembelian hartanah, penyewaan hartanah, penyediaan perkhidmatan

hartanah lain seperti penilaian hartanah, pengurusan hartanah atau bertindak

sebagai agen hartanah eskrow. Aktiviti dalam bahagian ini mungkin dijalankan

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di atas hartanah milikan sendiri atau pajakan dan mungkin berlaku atas

dasar bayaran atau kontrak. Termasuk juga pembangunan struktur, berserta

mengekalkan hak milik atau pajakan bagi struktur tersebut.

xviii. Perkhidmatan profesional, saintifik & teknikal termasuk aktiviti profesional

khusus, saintifik dan teknikal di mana ianya memerlukan tahap latihan yang

tinggi dan menjadikan pengetahuan dan kemahiran khusus tersedia

kepada pengguna. Aktiviti yang dijalankan termasuk aktiviti guaman dan

perakaunan, aktiviti ibu pejabat, aktiviti perundingan pengurusan, aktiviti

arkitek dan kejuruteraan, ujian dan analisis teknikal, penyelidikan dan

pembangunan saintifik, pengiklanan dan penyelidikan pasaran, profesional

lain, aktiviti saintifik dan teknikal dan veterinar.

xix. Perkhidmatan pentadbiran & khidmat sokongan termasuk pelbagai aktiviti

yang menyokong operasi am perniagaan meliputi aktiviti sewaan dan

pajakan, aktiviti pekerjaan, agensi pengembaraan, operator pelancongan

dan aktiviti perkhidmatan penempahan lain, aktiviti keselamatan dan

penyiasatan, aktiviti perkhidmatan kepada bangunan dan lanskap,

pentadbiran pejabat, aktiviti sokongan pejabat dan perniagaan lain.

xx. Perkhidmatan pendidikan merujuk kepada pertubuhan yang berdaftar

dengan Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia dan Kementerian Pengajian

Tinggi yang menyediakan Perkhidmatan pelajaran akademik, vokasional

dan perdagangan. Termasuk dalam kumpulan ini ialah pra sekolah, sekolah

rendah, sekolah menengah, sekolah teknik dan vokasional serta kolej dan

universiti (termasuk sekolah kejururawatan serta institut perdagangan dan

teknik lain). Juga termasuk ialah pendidikan sukan dan rekreasi, pendidikan

kebudayaan, pusat tuisyen, sekolah memandu yang membekalkan

perkhidmatan pelajaran automobil, sekolah agama, sekolah komputer dan

sekolah atau institusi lain serta perkhidmatan sokongan pendidikan.

xxi. Perkhidmatan kesihatan meliputi perkhidmatan hospital, perkhidmatan

perubatan am dan pakar, perkhidmatan rumah bersalin, perkhidmatan

pergigian, pusat dialisis, makmal perubatan, pusat akupuntur, perkhidmatan

ahli herba dan homeopati serta perkhidmatan kesihatan kemanusiaan lain.

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xxii. Perkhidmatan kesenian, hiburan & rekreasi termasuk pelbagai aktiviti bagi

memenuhi minat orang awam dalam aktiviti kebudayaan, hiburan dan

rekreasi meliputi persembahan secara langsung, operasi muzium, perjudian,

sukan dan aktiviti rekreasi.

xxiii. Perkhidmatan persendirian & lain-lain aktiviti termasuk aktiviti keahlian

organisasi, aktiviti organisasi keahlian perniagaan, majikan dan profesionl,

aktiviti kesatuan buruh, aktiviti keahlian organisasi lain, pembaikan komputer

dan barangan persendirian dan isi rumah dan aktiviti perkhidmatan

persendirian lain terutamanya perkhidmatan seperti basuhan dan cucian

kering tekstil dan produk berbulu; dandanan rambut dan penjagaan

kecantikan lain; dan pengebumian dan akitiviti yang berkaitan serta aktiviti

perkhidmatan lain.

4. UNIT MELAPOR

Unit melapor bagi banci ini ialah pertubuhan. Sesebuah pertubuhan secara ideal

ditakrifkan sebagai “satu unit ekonomi yang bergiat di bawah satu hak milik atau

penguasaan tunggal, iaitu di bawah satu entiti yang sah. Ia menjalankan satu

jenis subsektor ekonomi utama di satu tempat/lokasi fizikal”. Setiap pertubuhan

diberikan klasifikasi industri berdasarkan aktiviti utamanya dan bukannya

mengikut aktiviti syarikat induk.

Setiap cawangan daripada organisasi yang mempunyai beberapa cawangan di

lokasi yang berbeza dari segi konsep dianggap sebagai pertubuhan yang

berlainan. Pertubuhan berkenaan diminta memberikan penyata yang berasingan

bagi setiap kegiatannya dari segi nilai. Walau bagaimanapun, dari segi praktis

akaun biasanya disediakan secara berpusat kerana kesukaran untuk

memperoleh data yang berasingan bagi setiap unit atau cawangan. Entiti atau

„enterprise‟ ini akan dianggap sebagai satu unit pelapor dan dibenarkan

mengemukakan soal selidik yang menggabungkan semua unit atau

cawangannya.

5. TARAF SAH

Taraf sah sesebuah pertubuhan ditakrifkan seperti berikut:

i) Hak milik perseorangan

Ia merujuk kepada perniagaan yang dimiliki oleh orang perseorangan dan

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dijalankan semata-mata untuk mendapatkan keuntungan. Pemilik mempunyai

hak mutlak untuk mengendalikan urusan pertubuhannya;

ii) Perkongsian

Merujuk kepada sekumpulan individu yang telah bersetuju untuk mengikat

kontrak dan menjalankan perniagaan dengan matlamat untuk mendapat

keuntungan. Perniagaan tersebut diuruskan oleh semua atau salah seorang

daripada mereka yang bertindak mewakili semua pihak. Perkongsian

perniagaan ini hendaklah mengandungi sekurang-kurangnya dua orang ahli

dan tidak melebihi had maksimum dua puluh orang;

iii) Perkongsian liabiliti terhad

Merujuk kepada perniagaan entiti yang dikawal selia di bawah Akta Perkongsian

Liabiliti Terhad 2012. Ia memberi perlindungan liabiliti terhad kepada rakan-rakan

kongsinya sama seperti liabiliti terhad yang dinikmati oleh pemegang saham

sesebuah syarikat. Ia juga memberi fleksibiliti peraturan perniagaan dalaman

melalui pengaturan perkongsian yang serupa dengan sesebuah perkongsian

konvensional;

iv) Syarikat sendirian berhad

Merupakan syarikat persendirian yang ditubuhkan bagi tujuan menjalankan

perniagaan dengan matlamat untuk mencari keuntungan. Saham dipegang

secara tertutup oleh pemegang-pemegang saham yang mempunyai kawalan

terhadap operasi syarikat;

Ciri - ciri:

i. Dikawal di bawah Akta Syarikat 1965 dan merupakan entiti yang sah terpisah

daripada pemilik;

ii. Dimiliki oleh 2 - 50 orang pemegang saham;

iii. Pemilik syarikat mempunyai liabiliti terhad;

iv. Pemegang saham yang memiliki 51 peratus atau lebih daripada jumlah

saham syarikat berhak untuk mengawal syarikat tersebut. Saham syarikat

boleh dijual beli tetapi tidak dilakukan di pasaran terbuka;

v. Penjualan saham mesti dengan persetujuan pemegang saham yang lain

vi. Tidak disenaraikan di Bursa; dan

vii. Jangka hayat perniagaan adalah panjang dan boleh dikenali perkataan

Sendirian Berhad (Sdn. Bhd.) pada akhir nama syarikat.

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v) Syarikat awam berhad

Syarikat awam berhad merupakan perniagaan yang ditubuhkan dengan

tanggungan berhad, oleh sekurang-kurangnya dua orang untuk menjalankan

perniagaan dengan tujuan untuk mencari keuntungan. Saham syarikat awam

berhad ini dipegang secara terbuka dan bagi sesebuah syarikat yang disenaraikan

di Bursa Malaysia, sahamnya boleh bertukar milik secara bebas;

Ciri - ciri:

i. Dikawal di bawah Akta Syarikat 1965 dan merupakan entiti yang sah terpisah

daripada pemilik;

ii. Dimiliki oleh pemegang pemegang saham dan tiada had bagi pemilik saham

berkenaan;

iii. Pengurusan dan kawalan syarikat adalah di bawah tanggungjawab Lembaga

Pengarah yang dilantik oleh pemegang saham; dan

iv. Disenaraikan di Bursa Malaysia.

vi. Syarikat koperasi

Koperasi adalah organisasi yang ditubuhkan untuk faedah bersama ahli dan

didaftarkan di bawah Akta Koperasi 1993. Kumpulan wang yang ada adalah milik

bersama untuk memenuhi keperluan ahli-ahlinya;

vii. Perbadanan awam

Ia merujuk kepada sebuah perbadanan yang ditubuhkan di bawah Akta Khas

Parlimen atau Dewan Perundangan Negeri; dan

Viii. Pertubuhan persendirian tidak mencari keuntungan

Ia merujuk kepada syarikat tanpa saham yang ditubuhkan dengan tanggungan

berhad. Kebanyakan syarikat ini terdiri daripada pertubuhan kebajikan,

keagamaan, pendidikan, kesihatan, kebudayaan, rekreasi dan pertubuhan yang

memberikan perkhidmatan sosial dan kemasyarakatan kepada isi rumah.

Perkhidmatan diberikan secara percuma atau pada harga yang tidak melebihi

kos perkhidmatan (subsidi). Sebarang keuntungan yang diperoleh dilabur semula

ke dalam pertubuhan berkenaan.

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6. PERTUBUHAN MILIKAN WANITA

Merujuk kepada pertubuhan sekurang-kurangnya 51 peratus pemilikan ekuiti dipegang

oleh wanita ATAU pemegang saham terbesar adalah wanita dan pertubuhan

diuruskan oleh wanita ATAU Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif atau Pengarah Urusan adalah

wanita yang memiliki sekurang-kurangnya 10 peratus ekuiti.

7. STRUKTUR HAK MILIK

Hak milik sesebuah pertubuhan dikelaskan mengikut taraf residen pemilik/

pemilik-pemilik modal berbayar terbesar (melebihi 50%) dan bukannya mengikut

taraf kewarganegaraan mereka. Dalam kes di mana setiap pihak (Residen

Malaysia dan Bukan Residen Malaysia) memegang bilangan saham yang sama

banyak dalam perniagaan berkenaan, maka pertubuhan tersebut telah

dikelaskan di bawah „Hak Milik Bersama‟.

Residen Malaysia ialah individu, enterpris atau organisasi lain yang lazimnya

terletak di Malaysia untuk jangka masa sekurang-kurangnya satu tahun.

Cawangan dan anak syarikat asing yang didaftarkan dan perbadankan di

Malaysia adalah dianggap sebagai residen Malaysia.

Bukan residen Malaysia ialah individu, enterpris atau organisasi lain yang lazimnya

terletak di negara lain selain Malaysia. Cawangan dan anak syarikat milik

residen Malaysia di luar negara dianggap sebagai bukan residen Malaysia.

8. PENDAPATAN

Pendapatan merujuk kepada penerimaan yang diterima atau pendapatan yang

diperoleh daripada perkhidmatan yang diberikan dan lain-lain transaksi yang

dibuat semasa tahun rujukan. Ia terdiri daripada pendapatan operasi dan bukan

operasi. Ia hanya berasaskan kepada Penyata Kira-Kira Perdagangan dan Untung

Rugi bagi tahun rujukan tersebut.

9. PERBELANJAAN

Perbelanjaan merujuk kepada amaun yang perlu dibayar oleh pertubuhan bagi

pembelian barangan dan perkhidmatan semasa tahun rujukan kecuali

perbelanjaan modal. Ia terdiri daripada perbelanjaan operasi dan bukan operasi.

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Nilai output kasar perkhidmatan ditakrifkan dengan memasukkan perkara berikut:


Nilai input perantaraan perkhidmatan ditakrifkan dengan memasukkan unsur

berikut:

12. NILAI DITAMBAH

Nilai ditambah adalah tambahan kepada nilai barangan dan perkhidmatan yang

dikeluarkan oleh sesebuah pertubuhan. Nilai ditambah diperoleh daripada

perbezaan antara nilai output kasar dengan nilai input perantaraan.

Pendapatan daripada perkhidmatan yang diberikan

+ Nilai jualan barangan yang dibeli untuk dijual semula

+ Perkhidmatan pengurusan

+ Komisen dan pembrokeran yang diterima

+ Yuran yang diterima daripada keahlian

+ Pendapatan daripada sewa yang diterima kecuali tanah

+ Pendapatan operasi lain

- Nilai barang yang dibeli untuk dijual semula dalam keadaan sama seperti dibeli

+ Stok akhir

- Stok awal

+ Perbelanjaan penyelidikan dan pembangunan (dalaman)

Pembelian barangan, bahan dan perkhidmatan

+ Premium insurans

+ Royalti dan paten

+ Caj bank

+ Pembelian elektrik dan air

+ Pembelian bahan pembakar, pelincir dan gas

+ Perbelanjaan pematuhan alam sekitar

+ Perbelanjaan operasi lain

+ CBP pada pembelian bersih yang tidak boleh dituntut sebagai cukai input

+ Bayaran kepada pertubuhan lain yang membekalkan pekerja

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13. BILANGAN PEKERJA

Bilangan pekerja merujuk kepada bilangan orang yang bekerja pada bulan

Disember atau pada tempoh pembayaran gaji terakhir bagi tahun rujukan.

Bilangan orang yang bekerja dikategorikan seperti berikut:

i. Pemilik yang bekerja dan rakan niaga yang aktif

Kategori ini merujuk kepada semua pemilik perseorangan dan rakan niaga,

sambilan atau sepenuh masa, yang bekerja dengan aktif dalam sesebuah

pertubuhan itu. Justeru, ia tidak termasuk rakan niaga yang tidak aktif;

ii. Pekerja keluarga tidak bergaji

Kategori ini meliputi semua ahli isi rumah kepada pemilik pertubuhan yang

melaksanakan kerja tertentu (sepenuh masa atau sambilan) dan bekerja sekurang

-kurangnya satu pertiga daripada waktu bekerja biasa yang diamalkan oleh

pertubuhan berkenaan tanpa mendapat bayaran secara tetap, sama ada

dalam bentuk wang tunai atau harta benda bagi kerja yang dilakukan. Biasanya

pekerja berkenaan mendapat makanan, tempat tinggal dan bantuan lain

sebagai sebahagian daripada ahli isi rumah pemilik tersebut dan terus

mendapatnya sama ada ia bekerja atau tidak di dalam pertubuhan itu;

iii. Pekerja bergaji (sepenuh masa)

Ia merujuk kepada semua pekerja bergaji yang bekerja sekurang-kurangnya

enam jam sehari dan sekurang-kurangnya 20 hari sebulan; dan

iv. Pekerja bergaji (sambilan)

Ia merujuk kepada semua pekerja bergaji yang bekerja kurang daripada enam

jam sehari dan/atau kurang daripada 20 hari sebulan.

14. KATEGORI KEMAHIRAN

Kategori pekerjaan telah dikelaskan berdasarkan Piawaian Pengkelasan

Pekerjaan Malaysia (MASCO) 2013 adalah seperti berikut:

Pekerja mahir

Pengurus, profesional, penyelidik serta juruteknik dan profesional bersekutu;

Pekerja separuh mahir

Pekerja sokongan perkeranian, perkhidmatan & jualan, kemahiran & pertukangan

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yang berkaitan serta operator mesin, loji dan pemasang; dan

Pekerja berkemahiran rendah

Pekerjaan asas.

15. NILAI HARTA TETAP

Harta tetap meliputi semua barangan, baru atau terpakai, aset ketara atau aset

tidak ketara yang digunakan secara berulang atau berterusan yang mempunyai

hayat produktif lebih daripada setahun. Ia termasuk tanah, bangunan dan

struktur, alat pengangkutan, komputer dan „peripheral equipment‟, mesin,

peralatan serta perabot dan pemasangan lain. Nilai harta tetap awal dan akhir

bagi tahun rujukan 2015 adalah berasaskan nilai buku bersih. Pembelian, pindaan

dan pembaikan besar atau perbelanjaan modal pada tahun berkenaan dikira

pada nilai kos sebenar yang dibayar. Nilai harta tetap yang dijual dalam tahun

semasa juga dikira pada nilai sebenar.

16. DEFINISI E-DAGANG (BERDASARKAN OECD, 2015)

Transaksi e-Dagang adalah penjualan atau pembelian bagi barangan atau

perkhidmatan, melalui rangkaian komputer yang telah direka untuk tujuan

berkenaan. Transaksi e-Dagang boleh berlaku di antara enterpris, isi rumah,

individu, kerajaan dan organisasi awam atau swasta yang lain.

Barangan atau perkhidmatan yang telah dipesan melalui kaedah e-Dagang,

namun pembayaran atau penerimaan barangan atau perkhidmatan

berkenaan boleh diterima sama ada melalui online atau offline (contoh e-mel).

Transaksi e-Dagang termasuk pesanan yang dibuat dilaman web, extranet atau

Pertukaran Data Elektronik (PDE). Walau bagaimanapun, transaksi yang dibuat

melalui panggilan telefon, faksmili, emel (emel yang ditaip manual) dan

seumpamanya tidak dikategorikan sebagai urusniaga e-Dagang.

17. DEFINISI TEKNOLOGI MAKLUMAT (BERDASARKAN OECD, 2015)

i. Intranet

Merujuk kepada rangkaian komunikasi dalaman menggunakan protokol

internet dan membolehkan komunikasi dalam organisasi.

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ii. Extranet

Merujuk kepada rangkaian tertutup yang menggunakan protokol internet

dengan selamat dalam perkongsian maklumat perniagaan dengan

pembekal, vendor, pelanggan atau rakan kongsi perniagaan lain. Ia juga

boleh menjadi sebahagian daripada laman web peribadi perniagaan, yang

mana rakan perniagaan boleh melayari selepas disahkan dalam halaman log

masuk.

iii. Rangkaian Kawalan Setempat (LAN)

Rangkaian yang menghubungkan komputer dan peranti yang berkaitan di

dalam kawasan setempat seperti bangunan persendirian, jabatan atau

tapak; ia juga mungkin tanpa wayar.

iv. Rangkaian Kawalan Luas (WAN)

Rangkaian yang menghubungkan komputer dan peranti yang berkaitan di

dalam kawasan geografi yang luas, seperti rantau atau negara.

18. DEFINISI PKS

Definisi PKS yang digunakan dalam laporan ini menggunakan definisi dari Majlis

PKS Kebangsaan tahun 2014 berdasarkan kepada dua kriteria iaitu pekerja

sepenuh masa ATAU hasil tahunan.

Sesuatu pertubuhan diklasifikasikan sebagai PKS jika ianya memenuhi salah satu

kriteria tersebut. Jadual di bawah merumuskan definisi PKS untuk setiap sektor.

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19. PEMBUNDARAN

Penjumlahan komponen mungkin berbeza dengan angka jumlah kecil atau besar

disebabkan pembundaran.

20. SIMBOL DAN SINGKATAN

- : tiada

& : dan

/ : atau

% : peratus

> : lebih daripada

< : kurang daripada

} : digabungkan

RM : Ringgit Malaysia

W.P. : Wilayah Persekutuan

B2B : Perniagaan ke Perniagaan

B2C : Perniagaan kepada Pengguna

B2G : Perniagaan kepada Kerajaan

dll. : dan lain-lain

spt. : seperti

t.t.t.l. : tidak terkelas di tempat lain

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1. INTRODUCTION

This census covered all registered establishments engaged in the Agriculture,

Mining & quarrying, Manufacturing, Construction and Services sectors. The main

source for the frame was the Companies Commission of Malaysia (SSM). Other

than SSM, other sources such as the Malaysian Industrial Development Authority

(MIDA), Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry, Construction Industry

Development Broad, Malaysia (CIDB), Department of Minerals & Geosciences,

Malaysia (JMG), Energy Commission, various businesses and trade associations,

newspaper advertisements and websites were used to update the frame of this

cencus.

In this census, entrepreneurs in the Agriculture sector which were registered with

Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry or other government agencies for

the purpose of receiving aid were NOT covered.

For this publication, data on Distributive Trade which encompassed Wholesale

Trade, Retail Trade and Motor Vehicles have been estimated using data from the

Census of Distributive Trade undertaken in 2014 for reference year 2013.

Estimation was made using Distributive Trade structured and Monthly Distributive

Trade Survey data, 2010 to 2015.

2. LEGAL AUTHORITY

Economic Census 2016 was conducted under the provisions of the Statistics Act,

1965 (Revised-1989). Section 5 of this Act requires all establishments operating in

Malaysia to provide actual information or best estimates to the Department. The

Act stipulates that the contents of individual returns are confidential and only

aggregated figures are published.

3. CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS

Establishment

An establishment is defined as “an economic unit engaged under a single

ownership or control which is a single legal entity. It runs one type of major

economic activity operating in a single place physical location”. Each

establishment was assigned an industry classification based on its principal

activity and not to that of its parent company.

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Census year

Census year refers to the year in which a census was conducted.

Reference year

The reference period of the census was the calendar year 2015. Establishments whose

accounting year were different from the calendar year were asked to report according

to the accounting year covering the major part of the reference year.

Type of business activities

Types of business activity refer to principal and secondary activities. The principal activity

refers to the activity to which the establishment devoted most of its resources or activity

which contributes the largest income. Secondary activities are those incidental or

ancillary to the principal activity. The classification of the industry of the establishment is

based on the principal activity and is in accordance to the Malaysian Standard Industrial

Classification (MSIC) 2008 version 1.0. MSIC 2008 version 1.0 conforms to the latest

International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC), Revision 4,

United Nations, with modifications to suit local conditions.

The definitions include the following activities:

i. Agriculture comprising the activities of growing crops, raising and breeding of

animals and production of animal products, harvesting of timber and other plants,

as well as capture fishery and aquaculture and includes the exploitation vegetal

and animals natural resources.

ii. Crops activities refer to the growing and production of crops. It also included

organic agriculture and the growing of genetically modified crops. Crops also

include growing of non-perennial and perennial crops, plant propagation and

mixed farming.

iii. Livestock is animals or bird that preserved for commercial purpose, personal

maintenance, breeding and recreation. Livestock production includes raising

(farming) and breeding of all animals, except aquatic animal.

iv. Forestry and logging includes the production of round wood for the forest-based

manufacturing industries as well as the extraction and gathering of wild growing

non-wood forest product. Besides the production of timber, forestry activities result

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in products that undergo little processing, such as fire wood, charcoal, wood chips

and round wood used in unprocessed form (e.g. pit-props, pulpwood, etc.). These

activities can be carried out in natural or planted forests. This also includes

carrying out part of the forestry operation on a fee or contract basis.

v. Fisheries refers to catching fish, marine life collection and breeding of ocean,

seashore, interior and estuary waters on a commercial basis and for own

consumption, but not for sports. Aquaculture refer to the production process

involving the culturing or farming (including harvesting) of aquatic organisms using

techniques designed to increase the production of the organisms in question

beyond the natural capacity of the environment.

vi. Mining is defined as the extraction, dressing and beneficiating of minerals

occurring naturally as solids, such as coal and ores; liquids, such as crude oil; and

gases, such as natural gas. Mining also includes underground and surface mines,

quarries and wells and all supplemental activities for dressing and beneficiating

ores and other crude minerals such as crushing, screening, washing, cleaning,

grading, milling, flotation, melting, pelleting, topping and other preparations

needed to render the material marketable. Mining activities are classified into

groups on the basis of the principal mineral produced.

vii. Quarrying refers to activity of extraction from a mine or quarry, but also dredging

of alluvial deposits, rock crushing and the use of salt marshes. The products are

used most notably in construction (e.g. sands, stones, etc.), manufacture of

materials (e.g. clay, gypsum, calcium, etc.), manufacture of chemicals, etc.

It includes quarrying, rough trimming and sawing of monumental and building

stone such as marble, granite, sandstones, etc., quarrying, crushing and breaking

of limestone, mining of gypsum and anhydrite, mining of chalk and unclaimed

dolomite, extraction and dredging of industrial sand, sand for construction and

gravel, breaking and crushing of stone and gravel, quarrying of sand and mining

of clays, refractory clays and kaolin. It also includes mining of chemical and

fertilizer minerals, extraction of peat, extraction of salt, etc.

viii. Manufacturing

The physical or chemical transformation of materials or components into new

products, whether the work is performed by power-driven machines or by hand,

whether it is done in a factory or in the worker‟s home, and whether the

products are sold at wholesale or retail.

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The Manufacturing sub-sector consists of 24 Divisions namely:

i. Manufacture of food products;

ii. Manufacture of beverages;

iii. Manufacture of tobacco products;

iv. Manufacture of textiles;

v. Manufacture of wearing apparel;

vi. Manufacture of leather and related products;

vii. Manufacture of wood and products of wood and cork, except furniture;

manufacture of articles of straw and plaiting materials;

viii. Manufacture of paper and paper products;

ix. Printing and reproduction of recorded media;

x. Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products;

xi. Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products;

xii. Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical

preparations;

xiii. Manufacture of rubber and plastics products;

xiv. Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products;

xv. Manufacture of basic metals;

xvi. Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and

equipment;

xvii. Manufacture of computer, electronics and optical products

xviii. Manufacture of electrical equipment;

xix. Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c.;

xx. Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers;

xxi. Manufacture of other transport equipment;

xxii. Manufacture of furniture;

xxiii. Other manufacturing; and

xxiv. Repair and installation of machinery and equipment.

ix. Construction

New construction is defined as a alteration, repair and demolition. Installation

of any machinery or equipment which is built-in at the time of the original

construction is included, as well as installation of machinery or equipment after

the original construction but which requires structural alteration in order to

install.

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x. Services

Services related to Electricity, gas, steam & air conditioning supply; Water

supply, sewerage, waste management & remediation activities, Wholesale &

retail trade, Transportation & storage, Information & communication,

Accommodation, Food & beverage, Financial & insurance, Real estate,

Professional, scientific & technical, Administrative & support services, Education,

Health and social work, Art, entertainment & recreation, Personal services &

other activities;

xi. Water supply, sewerage, waste management & remediation activities

comprised of activities related to waste management includes collection,

treatment and disposal such as scheduled waste, solid waste and waste water

from industrial and household, including recovery materials and contaminated

sites. The waste from the treatment process can be disposed off or used as

input for other production process. Related activities in water treatment and

supply are also included in this sector.

xii. Distributive trade encompass of wholesale and retail trades, sales and repair of

motor vehicles & motorcycles.

xiii. Transportation & storage covers all establishment which provides land transport,

freight transport by road, other land transport, water transport, warehousing &

supporting activities such as terminal operations, car parking services, highway

operations, port operations, cargo handling/stevedoring, shipping agencies &

forwarding of freight and other supporting activities for transportation.

xiv. Information & communication comprised of motion picture, video and

television program production, sound recording and music publishing activities,

programming and broadcasting activities, telecommunication services,

computer programming, consultancy and related activities and information

services activities.

xv. Accommodation refers to the provision on a fee of short-term lodging, whether

open to the general public or restricted to members of a particular

organization.

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xvi. Food & beverage services includes food and beverage serving activities

providing complete meals or drinks fit for immediate consumption, whether in

traditional restaurants, self-service or take-away restaurants, whether as

permanent or temporary stands with or without seating.

xvii. Financial & insurance activities includes monetary intermediation activities;

other financial service activities and activities auxiliary to financial services;

insurance/takaful, reinsurance/ retakaful and pension & provident funding

activities; and activities auxiliary to insurance/ takaful and pension funding.

xviii. Real estate services includes acting as lessors, agents and/or brokers in one or

more of the following: selling or buying real estate, renting real estate,

providing other real estate services such as appraising real estate, property

management or acting as real estate escrow agents. Activities in this division

may be carried out on own or leased property and may be done on a fee or

contract basis. Also included is the building of structures, combined with

maintaining ownership of leasing of such structures.

xix. Professional, scientific & technical includes specialised professional, scientific

and technical activities which require a high degree of training, and

specialised knowledge and skills available to users. Activities performed

includes legal and accounting activities, activities of head offices,

management consultancy activities, architecture and engineering activities,

technical testing and analysis, scientific research and development,

advertising and market research, other professional, scientific and technical

activities, veterinary activities.

xx. Administrative & support services includes a variety of activities that support

general business operations including rental and leasing activities, employment

activities, travel agency, tour operator and other reservation service activities,

security and investigation activities, services to building and landscape

activities, office administrative, office support and other business support

activities.

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xxi. Private educational services refer to establishments registered with the Ministry

of Education, Malaysia and the Ministry of Higher Education that provides

academic, vocational and commercial educational services. Included in this

group are pre primary, primary schools, secondary schools, technical and

vocational secondary schools, private university and colleges (including

schools of nursing, commercial and other technical institute). Also included

are sports and recreation education, cultural education, tuition centers, driving

schools which provide automobile educational services, religious instruction,

computer training, other schools or other institutions as well as other

educational supportive services.

xxii. Human health & social work activities includes hospital services, general and

specialized medical services, maternity home services, dental services, dialysis

centers, medical laboratories, acupuncture centers, herbalist and

homeopathy services and other human health services.

xxiii. Arts, entertainment & recreation services includes a wide range of activities to

meet varied cultural, entertainment and recreational interests of the general

public, including live performances, operation of museum sites, gambling, sport

and recreation activities.

xxiv. Personal services & other activities includes activities of membership

organisations, activities of business, employers and professional membership

organisations, activities of trade unions, activities of others membership

organisations, repair of computers and personal and household goods and

others personal services activities such as washing and dry-cleaning of textiles

and fur products; hairdressing and other beauty treatment and funeral and

other services activities.

4. REPORTING UNIT

The reporting unit used in the survey was establishment. An establishment is defined

as “an economic unit that engaged in one activity, under a single legal entity and

operating in a single physical location”. Each establishment was assigned an industry

classification based on its principal activity.

Each branch of a multi-branch organisation at a different location was conceptually

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treated as a different establishment. The establishment was requested to give

separate returns for each activity in terms of value. However, if in practice, the

accounts were centrally kept such that it was not possible to obtain separate data

for each individual unit or branch, that entity or enterprise was treated as a single

reporting unit and allowed to submit a consolidated questionnaire covering all units

or branches.

5. LEGAL STATUS

The legal status of an establishment is defined as follows:

i) Individual proprietorship

This refers to a business, owned and operated by one person for profit. The owner has

the exclusive right to control the operations of the establishment;

ii) Partnership

This refers to a group of individuals who agree to contract and to carry on a business

with the objective of making a profit. The business is managed by all or any one

acting for all parties. A trading partnership must comprise at least two members and

should not exceed a maximum of twenty members;

iii) Limited liabilities partnership

Refers to business entity regulated under the Limited Liability Partnerships Act 2012. It

is featured with the protection of limited liability to its partners similar to the limited

liability enjoyed by shareholders of a company coupled with flexibility of internal

business regulation through partnership arrangement similar to a conventional

partnership; and

iv) Private limited company

A private company established to undertake a business with the objective of making

a profit. The shares are closely held by the shareholders of the company who have

control over its operation.

Characteristics:

i. Regulated under the Companies Act 1965 and is a legal entity separate from

the owners;

ii. Number of its shareholders between 2 - 50 members;

iii. Company owners have limited liability;

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iv. Shareholders who own 51 per cent or more of the total shares shall be entitled to

manage the company. The company's shares can be traded but not in the open

market;

v. Trading of share must be with the consent of the other shareholders;

vi. Not listed on the Stock Exchange; and

vii. Business life expectancy is longer and can be identified by the words "Sendirian

Berhad" (Sdn. Bhd.) at the end of the company name.

v) Public limited company

A public limited company is a company established with limited liability, by a

minimum of two persons to operate the business with the objective of making a profit.

The shares in a public limited company are openly held and in the case of company

listed on the Bursa Malaysia, the shares are freely transferable.

Characteristics:

i. Shareholders who own 51 per cent or more of the total shares shall be entitled to

ii. Regulated under the Companies Act 1965 and is a legal entity separate from the

owner;

iii. Owned by the shareholders and there is no limit to the shareholder;

iv. Management of the company is under the board of director responsibilities as

appointed by shareholders; and

v. Listed on Bursa Malaysia.

vi) Co-operative

This refers to a voluntary association with unrestricted number of members and regis-

tered under the Co-operatives Act 1993. Funds are collectively owned to meet the

needs of the members.

vii) Public corporation

This refers to a corporation set up under a Special Act of Parliament or by the State

Legislature.

viii) Private non-profit making organisation

This is non-stock company set up with limited liability. It comprises mainly welfare,

religious, educational, health, cultural, recreational and other organisations providing

social and community services to households. These services are provided free of

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charge or at prices, which do not necessarily or fully cover the cost of providing such

services (subsidy). Any profit made is reinvested in the organisation.

6. WOMEN-OWNES ESTABLISHMENTS

Refers to a minimum of 51 per cent of the equity held by a woman or women OR the

biggest shareholders are women and the establishment is managed by a woman OR the

Chief Executive Officer or Managing Director is a woman that owns at least 10 per cent

of the equity.

7. OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE

The ownership of an establishment is classified by the residential status of the owners

of the majority (more than 50%) of the paid-up capital and not by their citizenship

status. In instances where each party (Malaysian Resident and Non-Malaysian

Resident) held equal shares in the business, the establishments were classified as „Joint

Ownership‟.

A Malaysian resident is any individual, enterprise or other organisation ordinarily

domiciled in Malaysia for a period of at least one year. Malaysian registered

branches and incorporated subsidiaries of foreign enterprises are regarded as

Malaysian residents.

A non-Malaysian resident is any individual, enterprise or other organization ordinarily

domiciled in a country other than Malaysia. Foreign branches and/or subsidiaries of

Malaysian companies are regarded as non-Malaysian residents.

8. INCOME

Income refers to income received from services that was given and others

transactions during the reference year. It includes operational and non-operational

income. It should based on Income Statement and Profit & Loss Account during the

reference year.

9. EXPENDITURE

Expenditure refers to amount that establishments have to pay for purchase of

goods and services during the reference year excluding capital expenditure. It

includes operational and non-operational expenses.

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10. VALUE OF GROSS OUTPUT

The value of gross output of services is defined to include the following items:

11. VALUE OF INTERMEDIATE INTPUT

Value of intermediate input of services is defined to include the following items:

12. VALUE ADDED

Value added is the increment to the value of commodities and services contributed

by the establishment. This value added is derived as the difference between the

value of gross output and intermediate input.

13. NUMBER OF PERSONS ENGAGED

Employment covers all persons engaged during December or the last pay period of

the reference year. The number of persons engaged was classified under the

following categories:

i. Working proprietors and active business partners

This category refers to all individual proprietors and partners, part-time or full time, who

are actively engaged in the work of the establishment. It therefore, excludes silent

and inactive partners;

Income from services rendered

+ Value of goods sold in the same condition as purchased

+ Management services

+ Commision and brokerage earned

+ Fees earned from membership

+ Rental income received except land rental

+ Other operating income

+ Value of goods purchased for resale in the same condition

- Closing stocks

+ Opening stocks

- Research and development expenditure (in house)

Purchase of goods, materials and services

+ Insurance premiums

+ Royalty and patent fees

+ Bank charges

+ Purchase of electricity and water

+ Purchase of fuels, lubricants and gas

+ Environmental compliance expenditure

+ Other operating expenditure

+ GST on net purchases are non claimable as input tax

+ Payment to other establishment for providing workers.

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ii. Unpaid family workers

This is defined as all persons (full-time or part-time) in the household of any of the

owners of the establishment who perform a specified job and work for a minimum of

one third of the normal working time for the establishment, but do not receive regular

payment either in cash or in kind for the work done. Such workers generally receive

food, shelter and other support as part of the household of an owner but this would

continue whether they worked in the establishment or not;

iii. Paid full-time employees

This is defined as all paid workers who work for at least 6 hours a day and at least 20

days a month; and

iv. Paid part-time employees

This is defined as all paid workers who work for less than 6 hours a day and/or less than

20 days a month.

14. CATEGORY OF SKILLS

Job category has also been categorised according to Malaysia Standard

Classification of Occupations 2013 (MASCO) as follows:

Skilled workers

Managers and professionals, researcher, technician and associate professionals;

Semi-skilled workers

Clerical support, service and sales, craft and related trades workers, and plant and

machine operators and assemblers; and

Low-skilled workers

Elementary occupations.

15. VALUE OF FIXED ASSETS

Fixed assets cover all goods, new or used, tangible or intangible and used repeatedly

or continuously that have a normal economic life span of more than one year. This

included land, buildings and structure, transport equipment, computer and

peripheral equipment, other machinery, equipment and furniture and fittings. Value

of fixed assets as at the beginning and end of 2015 was based on net book value.

Purchases, alterations and major repairs or capital expenditure during the year were

valued at actual costs incurred. Value of fixed assets sold during the year refers to the

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realised value.

16. e-COMMERCE DEFINITIONS (BASED ON OECD 2015)

e-Commerce transaction is the sale or purchase of goods or services, conducted

over computer network that have been designed for this purpose. e-Commerce

transactions can occur between enterprises, households, individuals, governments

and public or private organisation to another.

Goods or services that have been ordered through e-Commerce methods, but the

payment or receipt of goods or services can be received either through online or

offline (e.g. email)

e-Commerce transaction, includes orders placed on websites, extranet or Electronic

Data Interchange (EDI). Nevertheless, order made by telephone calls, facsimile,

e-mail (mail that is typed manually) and the similar transactions are not categorised

as e-Commerce transactions.

17. ICT DEFINITION (BASED ON OECD 2015)

i. Intranet

Refers to the internal communications network using Internet protocols and

allowing communication within the organisation.

ii. Extranet

Refers to a closed network that uses Internet protocols to secure the sharing of

business information with suppliers, vendors, customers or other business

partners. It also can be part of a personal website business, where business

partners can navigate after being confirmed in the login page.

iii. Local Area Network (LAN)

A network connecting computers and associated devices within a localised

area such as a single building, department or site; it may be wireless.

iv. Wide Area Network (WAN)

A network that connects computers and associated devices within a wide

geographic area, such as a region or country.

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18. DEFINITION OF SMEs

The definition of SMEs used in this report follows the definition by the National SME

Development Council 2014 based on two criteria, namely full-time employees OR

annual turnover .

An establishment will be classified as an SMEs if meets either one of the criteria. The

table below summarise the SME definition for each specific sector.

19. ROUNDING

The sum of the component figures may not tally with the subtotal or total figures due

to rounding.

Sector Manufacturing Agricultural; Mining and Quarrying;

Construction and Services

Size Full-time employees

Micro Less than 5 employees Less than 5 employees

Small From 5 and less than 75 employees From 5 and less than 30 employees

Medium From 75 and 200 employees From 30 and 75 employees

Size Annual turnover

Micro Less than RM300,000 Less than RM300,000

Small From RM300,000 and less than

RM15 million

From RM300,000 and less than

RM3 million

Medium From RM15 million and RM50

million

From RM3 million and RM20 million

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20. SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS

- : nil

& : and

/ : or

% : percent

> : more than

< : less than

} : combined

RM : Ringgit Malaysia

W.P. : Federal Territory

B2B : Business to Business

B2C : Business to Consumers

B2G : Business to Government

e.g. : for example

etc. : et cetera

i.e. : that is

n.e.c. : not elsewhere classified

46



KONSEP ASAS STATISTIK BASIC CONCEPT OF STATISTICS

BAHAGIAN 3

SECTION 3

KONSEP ASAS STATISTIK

KO

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1. PENGENALAN

i. Statistik

Statistik merupakan satu cabang matematik yang menggunakan kaedah saintifik

dalam mengumpul, menyusun, mempersembah dan menganalisis data bagi

membantu dalam membuat keputusan yang lebih efektif.

ii. Populasi dan Sampel

Populasi, ditandakan sebagai N, adalah sekumpulan elemen yang kita ingin

membuat kesimpulan terhadapnya. Sampel, ditandakan sebagai n, adalah

subset elemen yang terpilih daripada populasi.

2. STATISTIK DESKRIPTIF DAN INFERENS

Statistik deskriptif adalah kaedah dalam menyusun, meringkaskan dan

mempersembahkan data menggunakan angka dan graf bagi menggambarkan

dapatan.

Statistik inferens adalah kaedah dalam membuat keputusan atau kesimpulan

mengenai sesuatu populasi berdasarkan kajian atau pemerhatian terhadap sampel.

3. JENIS DATA

i. Variabel Kuantitatif

Variabel kuantitatif ialah data bernombor bagi menyatakan jumlah atau kuantiti.

Kuantiti boleh dikelaskan sebagai diskret atau selanjar.

ii. Variabel Diskrit dan Selanjar

Variabel diskrit adalah nombor yang boleh dikira. Nilai bagi nombor ini pada

umumnya dinyatakan sebagai integer atau nombor bulat. Tiada nilai yang

mungkin antara unit bersebelahan pada skala.

Variabel selanjar adalah nombor yang mempunyai nilai tidak terhingga antara

unit bersebelahan pada skala.

iii. Variabel Kualitatif

Variabel kualitatif adalah data bukan bernombor yang mewakili kategori data.


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4. SKALA PENGUKURAN

i. Skala Nominal

Tahap pengukuran yang paling rendah dan digunakan bagi variabel yang

bersifat kualitatif. Data adalah dalam bentuk label, nama atau kategori. Tiada

susunan tertentu bagi label, nama atau kategori dan ia tidak boleh diukur.

ii. Skala Ordinal

Tahap pengukuran yang agak rendah secara magnitud. Data boleh disusun

mengikut turutan. Ciri-ciri data ini adalah sama dengan data bagi skala nominal

dan susunan data adalah bermakna.

iii. Skala Interval

Data bagi skala interval mempunyai ciri-ciri yang sama dengan skala ordinal dan

ia adalah bernombor. Ia mempunyai magnitud dan selang yang sama antara

unit bersebelahan tetapi tidak mempunyai titik sifar mutlak.

iv. Skala Nisbah

Tahap pengukuran yang paling tinggi. Ia mempunyai semua ciri-ciri data bagi

skala interval dan mempunyai titik sifar mutlak.

5. PENGUKURAN KECENDERUNGAN MEMUSAT

Pengukuran kecenderungan memusat adalah pengukuran statistik untuk menentukan

skor bagi pusat sesuatu taburan data. Tujuan pengukuran kecenderungan memusat

adalah untuk menentukan skor yang paling tipikal bagi mewakili keseluruhan sesuatu

taburan data. Tiga jenis pengukuran kecenderungan memusat adalah min, median

dan mod.

i. Purata Aritmetik

Min aritmetik ditakrifkan sebagai jumlah bagi nilai dalam set data dibahagikan

dengan bilangan nilai.

Min aritmetik bagi nilai populasi diwakili oleh simbol μ (dibaca sebagai "mew"),

manakala min aritmetik bagi nilai sampel diwakili oleh simbol (dibaca sebagai

'x bar'). Formula bagi min populasi dan min sampel adalah:

min populasi:


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min sampel:

ii. Min Berwajaran

Min berwajaran adalah min aritmetik di mana setiap nilai diberi pemberat

mengikut kepentingan dalam keseluruhan kumpulan. Formula bagi min

berwajaran populasi dan sampel adalah:

di mana

iii. Median

Median ialah nilai x yang berada di tengah apabila data disusun mengikut

urutan dari yang terkecil ke terbesar.

Jika bilangan data, n, adalah ganjil, maka median ialah nilai yang terletak di

tengah atau berada di kedudukan

Jika bilangan data, n, adalah genap, median adalah purata nilai tengah yang

terletak antara dan + 1.

iii. Mod

Mod adalah nilai yang paling kerap muncul dalam sesuatu set data.

6. PENGUKURAN SERAKAN

Pengukuran serakan menggambarkan serakan antara nilai-nilai dalam sesuatu

taburan data. Kita boleh melihat serakan dari segi jarak antara setiap titik dengan

min. Jika jaraknya besar, taburan data dikatakan lebih terserak. Tiga kaedah umum

untuk mengukur serakan adalah julat, varians dan sisihan piawai.

i. Julat

Julat adalah perbezaan antara nilai tertinggi dengan nilai terendah dalam

taburan data.


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ii. Varians

Varians adalah purata kuasa dua sisihan antara setiap nilai data dengan min, μ.

Bagi populasi, varians ditulis sebagai:

atau

Bagi sampel, varians ditulis sebagai:

atau

iii. Sisihan Piawai

Secara umum, unit bagi varians dinyatakan dalam nilai kuasa dua. Bagi

memperoleh pengukuran serakan diukur dalam unit yang sama seperti data,

sisihan piawai, s, dikira. Ia dikira sebagai punca kuasa dua varians. Sisihan piawai

bagi populasi dan sampel ditulis seperti berikut:

Sisihan piawai bagi populasi:

atau

Sisihan piawai bagi sampel:

atau

iv. Pekali Variasi

Pekali variasi menunjukkan ukuran relatif serakan sisihan piawai berbanding

dengan min. Formula ini ditulis sebagai:

Populasi:

Sampel:

Pekali digunakan untuk membandingkan serakan bagi dua taburan data.

Semakin kecil nilai CV, semakin stabil (kurang variasi) bagi sesuatu taburan data.

BASIC CONCEPT OF STATISTICS

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1. INTRODUCTION

i. Statistics

Statistics is a branch of mathematics that uses scientific methods of collecting,

compiling, presenting and analyzing data to assist in making more effective

decisions.

ii. Population and Sample

Population, denoted by N, is a collection of elements about which we wish to

make an inference. A sample, denoted by n, is a subset of elements selected

from the population.

2. DESCRIPTIVE AND INFERENTIAL STATISTICS

Descriptive statistics is a method in organising, summarising and presenting data in

an informative way and utilises both numerical and graphical tools to describe a

finding.

Inferential statistics is a method by which decisions about a statistical population are

made based on a sample that is observed.

3. TYPES OF DATA

i. Quantitative Variable

A quantitative variable is a numerical data or observation that represents an

amount or quantity. The quantity can be discrete or continuous.

ii. Discrete and Continuous Variables

A discrete variable is a countable number of values. The values are generally

expressed as integers or whole numbers. It has no possible value between

adjacent units on the scale.

A continuous variable is a number that can have an infinite number of values

between adjacent units on the scale.


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iii. Qualitative Variable

A qualitative variable is a non-numerical observation that represents a category

of data.

4. SCALES OF MEASUREMENT

i. Nominal scale

The lowest level of measurement and is most often used with variables that are

qualitative in nature rather than quantitative. The data are labels, names or

categories. There is no particular order to the labels, names or categories and no

measurement involved.

ii. Ordinal level data

It has a relatively low level of the property magnitude. It allows ordering or

ranking. The characteristics of this data are the same as nominal scale and the

order of the data is meaningful.

iii. Interval scale

The data have the properties of ordinal level data and always numeric. It has

the property of magnitude and equal interval between adjacent units but does

not have an absolute zero point.

iv. Ratio scale

The highest level of measurement. It has all properties of interval scale data and

has an absolute zero point.

5. MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY

Measures of central tendency is a statistical measure to determine a single score that

defines the center of a distribution. The goal of central tendency is to find the single

score that is most typical or most representative of the entire group (sample). The

three measures of central tendency are mean, median and mode.

i. Arithmetic Mean

The arithmetic mean is defined as the sum of the values in the data set divided

by the number of values.


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The arithmetic mean for a population of values is represented by the symbol µ

(read as “mew”), while the arithmetic mean for a sample of values is

represented by the symbol (read as „ bar‟). The formulae for the population

mean and the sample mean are:

population mean:

sample mean:

ii. The Weighted Mean

The weighted mean is an arithmetic mean in which each value is weighted

according to its importance in the overall group. The formulas for the population

and sample weighted means are given as:

where

iii. Median

A median is the value of x that falls in the middle when the measurements are

arranged in order from the smallest to the largest.

If the number of measurements, n, is odd, then the median is the value located

at the middle or th position.

If the number of measurements, n, is even, then the median is the average of

the middle values located between and + 1.

iv. Mode

The mode is the value that occurs most frequently in a data set.

6. MEASURE OF DISPERSION VARIABILITY

Measures of variability are concerned with describing the variability among the

values. We can view variability in terms of the distance between each dot and the

mean. If the distance is large, the data set is said to be more varied. The three

common methods to measure variability are range, variance and standard

deviation.


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i. Range

The range is the difference between the highest and the lowest values included

in a data set.

ii. Variance

The variance is the average of the squares of deviations about their mean, µ.

For a population, the variance is written as:

or

For a sample, the variance is written as:

or

iii. Standard Deviation

In general, the units expressed for a variance are in squared values. In order to

have a measure of variability measured in the same units as the observations,

the standard deviation, s, is computed. It is calculated as the square root of the

variance. The standard deviation for a population and a sample are written,

respectively, as follows:

Population standard deviation:

or

Sample standard deviation:

or


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iv. The Coefficient of Variation

The coefficient of variation indicates the relative measure of dispersion of the

standard deviation as compared with the mean. The formula is written as:

Population:

Sample:

The coefficient is used to compare the variability of two data sets. The smaller

the value of CV, the more stable (less variation) is the data set.

JADUAL A: JADUAL UTAMA

TABLES A: MAIN TABLE

BAHAGIAN 4

PART 4

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Ta

ble

A2

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rin

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tistics o

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nd

20

15

hasnida.mahyudin

Text Box

75

Ne

ge

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mb

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15

Ta

ble

A3

: P

rin

cip

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tistics o

f w

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ts b

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01

5

hasnida.mahyudin

Text Box

76

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Ta

ble

A4

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rin

cip

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tistics o

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ts in

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01

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hasnida.mahyudin

Text Box

77

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Pe

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20

28

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Ja

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20

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Ta

ble

A5

: P

rin

cip

al sta

tistics o

f w

om

en

-ow

ne

d e

sta

blis

hm

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ts in

min

ing

& q

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ecto

r, 2

01

5

hasnida.mahyudin

Text Box

78

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Ja

du

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A6

: P

era

ng

ka

an

uta

ma

pe

rtu

bu

ha

n m

ilik

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wa

nit

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mb

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, 2

01

5

Ta

ble

A6

: P

rin

cip

al sta

tistics o

f w

om

en

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ne

d e

sta

blis

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ts in

ma

nu

factu

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g s

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r, 2

01

5

57

74

20

90

91

27

11

82

46

hasnida.mahyudin

Text Box

79

Su

bs

ek

tor

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b-s

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r

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an

ga

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mb

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ju

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mb

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93

Ma

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Pe

mb

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eu

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Ta

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Text Box

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Text Box

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Ta

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hasnida.mahyudin

Text Box

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Ta

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01

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co

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hasnida.mahyudin

Text Box

84

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i p

ad

a a

kh

ir

tah

un

Va

lue

of

fixe

d a

sse

ts

ow

ne

d a

s a

t th

e e

nd

of

the

ye

ar

(RM

ju

ta

mill

ion

)

(RM

ju

ta

mill

ion

)

(RM

ju

ta

mill

ion

)

(RM

ju

ta

mill

ion

)

(RM

ju

ta

mill

ion

)

18

7,2

65

85

,03

54

5,4

24

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53

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tal

99

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4,6

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84

an

d a

bo

ve

Ku

ran

g d

ari

pa

da

10

0

Be

low

Ja

du

al

A9

: P

era

ng

ka

an

uta

ma

pe

rtu

bu

ha

n m

ilik

an

wa

nit

a m

en

gik

ut

sa

iz o

utp

ut,

20

15

Ta

ble

A9

: P

rin

cip

al sta

tistics o

f w

om

en

-ow

ne

d e

sta

blis

hm

en

ts b

y o

utp

ut

siz

e,

20

15

Sa

iz o

utp

ut

Ou

tpu

t siz

e

(RM

'0

00

)

Ju

mla

h

50

0 -

< 1

,00

0

1,0

00

- <

5,0

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0

10

,00

0 d

an

le

bih

10

0 -

< 2

00

20

0 -

< 5

00

hasnida.mahyudin

Text Box

85

Bil

an

ga

n p

ert

ub

uh

an

Nu

mb

er

of

esta

blis

hm

en

ts

Nil

ai

ou

tpu

t k

as

ar

Va

lue

of

gro

ss o

utp

ut

Nil

ai

inp

ut

pe

ran

tara

an

Va

lue

of

inte

rme

dia

te

inp

ut

Nil

ai

dit

am

ba

h

Va

lue

ad

de

d

Ju

mla

h p

ek

erj

a p

ad

a

bu

lan

Dis

em

be

r a

tau

pa

da

te

mp

oh

ga

ji a

kh

ir

To

tal

nu

mb

er

of

pe

rso

ns

en

ga

ge

d d

urin

g

De

ce

mb

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or

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la

st

pa

y

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rio

d

Ga

ji &

up

ah

ya

ng

dib

aya

r

Sa

larie

s &

wa

ge

s p

aid

Nil

ai

ha

rta

te

tap

ya

ng

dim

ilik

i p

ad

a a

kh

ir

tah

un

Va

lue

of

fixe

d a

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ts

ow

ne

d a

s a

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e e

nd

of

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ye

ar

(RM

ju

ta

mill

ion

)

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ju

ta

mill

ion

)

(RM

ju

ta

mill

ion

)

(RM

ju

ta

mill

ion

)

(RM

ju

ta

mill

ion

)

1

87

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5

85

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45

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tal

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6

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low

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7

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37

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20

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3

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2

Ku

ran

g d

ari

pa

da

5

10

0 d

an

le

bih

a

nd

ab

ove

Ja

du

al

A1

0 :

Pe

ran

gk

aa

n u

tam

a p

ert

ub

uh

an

mil

ika

n w

an

ita

me

ng

iku

t s

aiz

pe

ke

rja

, 2

01

5

Ta

ble

A1

0:

Prin

cip

al sta

tistics o

f w

om

en

-ow

ne

d e

sta

blis

hm

en

ts b

y e

mp

loym

en

t siz

e,

20

15

Sa

iz p

ek

erj

a

Em

plo

ym

en

t siz

e

Ju

mla

h

hasnida.mahyudin

Text Box

86

Bil

an

ga

n p

ert

ub

uh

an

Nu

mb

er

of

esta

blis

hm

en

ts

Nil

ai

ou

tpu

t k

as

ar

Va

lue

of

gro

ss o

utp

ut

Nil

ai

inp

ut

pe

ran

tara

an

Va

lue

of

inte

rme

dia

te

inp

ut

Nil

ai

dit

am

ba

h

Va

lue

ad

de

d

Ju

mla

h p

ek

erj

a p

ad

a

bu

lan

Dis

em

be

r a

tau

pa

da

te

mp

oh

ga

ji a

kh

ir

To

tal

nu

mb

er

of

pe

rso

ns

en

ga

ge

d d

urin

g

De

ce

mb

er

or

the

la

st

pa

y

pe

rio

d

Ga

ji &

up

ah

ya

ng

dib

aya

r

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larie

s &

wa

ge

s p

aid

Nil

ai

ha

rta

te

tap

ya

ng

dim

ilik

i p

ad

a a

kh

ir

tah

un

Va

lue

of

fixe

d a

sse

ts

ow

ne

d a

s a

t th

e e

nd

of

the

ye

ar

(RM

ju

ta

mill

ion

)

(RM

ju

ta

mill

ion

)

(RM

ju

ta

mill

ion

)

(RM

ju

ta

mill

ion

)

(RM

ju

ta

mill

ion

)

Ju

mla

h

1

87

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5

85

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45

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39

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1

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tal

Ku

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81

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13

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8

an

d a

bo

ve

(RM

'0

00

)

Ta

ble

A1

1:

Prin

cip

al sta

tistics o

f w

om

en

-ow

ne

d e

sta

blis

hm

en

ts b

y s

ize

of

fixe

d a

sse

ts,

20

15

Sa

iz h

art

a t

eta

p

Siz

e o

f fixe

d a

sse

ts

Ja

du

al

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1:

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ran

gk

aa

n u

tam

a p

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ub

uh

an

mil

ika

n w

an

ita

me

ng

iku

t s

aiz

ha

rta

te

tap

, 2

01

5

hasnida.mahyudin

Text Box

87

Ka

teg

ori

pe

ke

rja

Ca

teg

ory

of

wo

rke

rs

Ju

mla

hL

ela

ki

Pe

rem

pu

an

Ju

mla

hL

ela

ki

Pe

rem

pu

an

To

tal

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leF

em

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Ju

mla

h

8

53

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9

37

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4

75

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4

1

4,1

26

7

,76

9

6,3

57

To

tal

Pe

mil

ik y

an

g b

ek

erj

a d

an

pe

ke

rja

ke

lua

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tid

ak

b

erg

aji

24

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65

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96

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rkin

g p

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rie

tors

an

d u

np

aid

fa

mily

wo

rke

rs

Pe

ke

rja

be

rga

ji (

se

pe

nu

h m

as

a)

57

6,4

62

2

98

,53

6

27

7,9

26

13

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2

7,6

23

6

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8

Pa

id e

mp

loye

es (

full-

tim

e)

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ng

uru

s,

Pro

fes

ion

al

da

n P

en

ye

lid

ik

84

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2

3

9,7

77

44

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5

4,4

15

2

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8

2,0

97

Ma

na

ge

rs,

Pro

fessio

na

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nd

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se

arc

he

rs

Ju

rute

kn

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an

Pro

fes

ion

al

Be

rse

ku

tu

34

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8

2

5,7

07

9

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1

1,1

88

8

96

2

92

Te

ch

nic

ian

s a

nd

Asso

cia

te P

rofe

ssio

na

ls

Pe

ke

rja

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ko

ng

an

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rke

ran

ian

1

06

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5

3

0,2

51

76

,12

4

2,4

07

6

89

1

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8

Cle

rica

l S

up

po

rt W

ork

ers

Pe

ke

rja

Pe

rkh

idm

ata

n d

an

Ju

ala

n

6

7,4

41

21

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3

4

6,2

58

1

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65

5

Se

rvic

e a

nd

Sa

les W

ork

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ke

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hir

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nia

n,

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tan

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tern

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da

n

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rik

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an

2

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98

24

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2

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36

4

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59

Ag

ricu

ltu

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str

y,

Liv

esto

ck a

nd

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he

rie

s S

kill

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rke

rs

Pe

ke

rja

Ke

ma

hir

an

da

n P

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erj

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uk

an

ga

n y

an

g b

erk

ait

an

64

,80

8

5

3,3

46

11

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1,3

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1

,10

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20

1

Cra

ft a

nd

Re

late

d T

rad

es W

ork

ers

Op

era

tor

Me

sin

da

n L

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da

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em

as

an

g

5

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42

36

,80

2

1

4,8

40

1

,00

2

75

1

25

1

Pla

nt

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ach

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era

tors

an

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ke

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as

1

38

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8

6

6,9

08

71

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0

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45

1

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0

87

5

Ele

me

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ry O

ccu

pa

tio

ns

Pe

ke

rja

be

rga

ji (

sa

mb

ila

n)

3

4,5

50

13

,76

8

2

0,7

82

3

54

1

46

2

09

Pa

id e

mp

loye

es (

pa

rt-t

ime

)

(RM

Ju

ta

Mill

ion

)

Ja

du

al

A1

2 :

Bil

an

ga

n p

ek

erj

a d

an

ga

ji &

up

ah

pe

rtu

bu

ha

n m

ilik

an

wa

nit

a m

en

gik

ut

ka

teg

ori

pe

ke

rja

da

n ja

nti

na

, 2

01

5

Ta

ble

A1

2 :

Nu

mb

er

of

pe

rso

ns e

ng

ag

ed

an

d s

ala

rie

s &

wa

ge

s in

wo

me

n-o

wn

ed

esta

blis

hm

en

ts b

y c

ate

go

ry o

f w

ork

ers

an

d s

ex,

20

15

Bil

an

ga

n p

ek

erj

aG

aji &

up

ah

ya

ng

dib

aya

r

Nu

mb

er

of

pe

rso

ns e

ng

ag

ed

Sa

larie

s &

wa

ge

s p

aid

hasnida.mahyudin

Text Box

88

Se

kto

r

Se

cto

r

Ju

mla

h

To

tal

Pe

mil

ik y

an

g b

ek

erj

a &

pe

ke

rja

ke

lua

rga

ta

np

a g

aji

Wo

rkin

g p

rop

rie

tors

& u

np

aid

fam

ily w

ork

ers

Pe

ke

rja

se

pe

nu

h m

as

a

Fu

ll-tim

e e

mp

loye

es

Pe

ke

rja

sa

mb

ila

n

Pa

rt-t

ime

em

plo

ye

es

Bil

an

ga

n

Nu

mb

er

Bil

an

ga

n

Nu

mb

er

Bil

an

ga

n

Nu

mb

er

Bil

an

ga

n

Nu

mb

er

(RM

Ju

ta

Mill

ion

)

Ju

mla

h

8

53

,55

9

2

42

,54

7

5

76

,46

2

34

,55

0

14

,12

6

To

tal

Pe

rta

nia

n

39

,84

0

8

79

3

8,0

88

87

3

7

38

Ag

ricu

ltu

re

Pe

rlo

mb

on

ga

n &

pe

ng

ku

ari

an

21

8

8

20

5

5

5

Min

ing

& q

ua

rryin

g

Pe

mb

ua

tan

8

6,0

51

1

0,1

14

7

3,5

45

2,3

92

1,9

92

Ma

nu

factu

rin

g

Pe

mb

ina

an

5

6,8

22

2,2

00

5

4,2

87

33

5

1

,31

9

Co

nstr

uctio

n

Pe

rkh

idm

ata

n

6

70

,62

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2

29

,34

6

4

10

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7

30

,94

5

10

,07

2

Se

rvic

es

Ja

du

al

A1

3 :

Bil

an

ga

n p

ek

erj

a d

an

ga

ji &

up

ah

pe

rtu

bu

ha

n m

ilik

an

wa

nit

a m

en

gik

ut

se

kto

r, 2

01

5

Ta

ble

A1

3:

Nu

mb

er

of

pe

rso

ns e

ng

ag

ed

an

d s

ala

rie

s &

wa

ge

s in

wo

me

n-o

wn

ed

esta

blis

hm

en

ts b

y s

ecto

r, 2

01

5

Ju

mla

h p

ek

erj

a p

ad

a b

ula

n D

ise

mb

er

ata

u p

ad

a t

em

po

h g

aji a

kh

ir

To

tal n

um

be

r o

f p

ers

on

s e

ng

ag

ed

du

rin

g D

ece

mb

er

or

the

la

st

pa

y p

erio

d

Ga

ji &

up

ah

ya

ng

dib

aya

r

Sa

larie

s &

wa

ge

s p

aid

hasnida.mahyudin

Text Box

89

Ka

teg

ori

pe

ke

rja

Ca

teg

ory

of

wo

rke

rs

Ju

mla

h

To

tal

Le

lak

iP

ere

mp

ua

nL

ela

ki

Pe

rem

pu

an

Ma

leF

em

ale

Ma

leF

em

ale

Ju

mla

h

85

3,5

59

31

4,6

74

46

0,4

67

6

3,3

81

1

5,0

37

To

tal

Pe

mil

ik y

an

g b

ek

erj

a d

an

pe

ke

rja

ke

lua

rga

tid

ak

b

erg

aji

2

42

,54

7

65

,09

0

1

76

,53

8

6

61

25

8

Wo

rkin

g p

rop

rie

tors

an

d u

np

aid

fa

mily

wo

rke

rs

Pe

ke

rja

be

rga

ji (

se

pe

nu

h m

as

a)

5

76

,46

2

2

36

,74

0

2

63

,82

8

61

,79

6

14

,09

8

Pa

id e

mp

loye

es (

full-

tim

e)

Pe

ng

uru

s,

Pro

fes

ion

al

da

n P

en

ye

lid

ik

8

4,7

22

3

9,4

40

4

4,7

70

33

7

1

75

Ma

na

ge

rs,

Pro

fessio

na

ls a

nd

Re

se

arc

he

rs

Ju

rute

kn

ik d

an

Pro

fes

ion

al

Be

rse

ku

tu

3

4,8

08

2

5,3

11

9,0

65

39

6

36

Te

ch

nic

ian

s a

nd

Asso

cia

te P

rofe

ssio

na

ls

Pe

ke

rja

So

ko

ng

an

Pe

rke

ran

ian

1

06

,37

5

29

,27

4

75

,23

3

9

77

89

1

Cle

rica

l S

up

po

rt W

ork

ers

Pe

ke

rja

Pe

rkh

idm

ata

n d

an

Ju

ala

n

6

7,4

41

1

9,6

44

4

4,4

34

1,5

39

1,8

24

Se

rvic

e a

nd

Sa

les W

ork

ers

Pe

ke

rja

Ma

hir

Pe

rta

nia

n,

Pe

rhu

tan

an

, P

en

tern

ak

an

da

n P

eri

ka

na

n

2

8,4

98

7,9

33

1,1

33

1

6,6

29

2,8

03

Ag

ricu

ltu

ral, F

ore

str

y,

Liv

esto

ck a

nd

Fis

he

rie

s S

kill

Wo

rke

rs

Pe

ke

rja

Ke

ma

hir

an

da

n P

ek

erj

a P

ert

uk

an

ga

n y

an

g b

erk

ait

an

64

,80

8

33

,74

8

10

,98

9

19

,59

8

4

73

Cra

ft a

nd

Re

late

d T

rad

es W

ork

ers

Op

era

tor

Me

sin

da

n L

oji,

da

n P

em

as

an

g

5

1,6

42

2

3,0

74

1

1,4

44

1

3,7

28

3,3

96

Pla

nt

an

d M

ach

ine

Op

era

tors

an

d A

sse

mb

lers

Pe

ke

rja

As

as

1

38

,16

8

58

,31

6

66

,76

0

8

,59

2

4

,50

0

Ele

me

nta

ry O

ccu

pa

tio

ns

Pe

ke

rja

be

rga

ji (

sa

mb

ila

n)

34

,55

0

12

,84

4

20

,10

1

9

24

68

1

Pa

id e

mp

loye

es (

pa

rt-t

ime

)

Citiz

en

No

n-c

itiz

en

Ja

du

al

A1

4 :

Bil

an

ga

n p

ek

erj

a p

ert

ub

uh

an

mil

ika

n w

an

ita

me

ng

iku

t k

ate

go

ri p

ek

erj

a d

an

ke

wa

rga

ne

ga

raa

n,

20

15

Ta

ble

A1

4 :

Nu

mb

er

of

pe

rso

ns e

ng

ag

ed

in

wo

me

n-o

wn

ed

esta

blis

hm

en

ts b

y c

ate

go

ry o

f w

ork

ers

an

d c

itiz

en

sh

ip,

20

15

Bil

an

ga

n p

ek

erj

a p

ad

a b

ula

n D

ise

mb

er

Nu

mb

er

of

pe

rso

ns e

ng

ag

ed

du

rin

g D

ece

mb

er

or

the

la

st

pa

y p

erio

d

Wa

rga

ne

ga

raB

uk

an

Wa

rga

ne

ga

ra

hasnida.mahyudin

Text Box

90

Se

kto

r

Se

cto

r

Bil

an

ga

n p

ek

erj

aG

aji &

up

ah

ya

ng

dib

aya

r

Bil

an

ga

n p

ek

erj

aG

aji &

up

ah

ya

ng

dib

aya

r

Bil

an

ga

n p

ek

erj

aG

aji &

up

ah

ya

ng

dib

aya

r

Bil

an

ga

n p

ek

erj

aG

aji &

up

ah

ya

ng

dib

aya

r

Nu

mb

er

of

pe

rso

ns

en

ga

ge

d

Sa

larie

s &

wa

ge

s

pa

id

Nu

mb

er

of

pe

rso

ns

en

ga

ge

d

Sa

larie

s &

wa

ge

s

pa

id

Nu

mb

er

of

pe

rso

ns

en

ga

ge

d

Sa

larie

s &

wa

ge

s

pa

id

Nu

mb

er

of

pe

rso

ns

en

ga

ge

d

Sa

larie

s &

wa

ge

s

pa

id

(RM

ju

ta

mill

ion

)

(RM

ju

ta

mill

ion

)

(RM

ju

ta

mill

ion

)

(RM

ju

ta

mill

ion

)

Ju

mla

h

57

6,4

62

13

,77

0

11

9,4

39

5

,60

1

31

8,7

64

6

,22

4

13

8,2

59

1

,94

5

To

tal

Pe

rta

nia

n

3

8,0

88

7

31

3

,38

8

13

4

3

2,3

80

5

67

2

,32

0

2

9

Ag

ricu

ltu

re

Pe

rlo

mb

on

ga

n &

pe

ng

ku

ari

an

2

05

5

47

2

1

34

3

24

0

.4

Min

ing

& q

ua

rryin

g

Pe

mb

ua

tan

73

,54

5

1,9

62

9

,33

0

74

3

5

4,8

75

1

,06

3

9,3

40

1

55

Ma

nu

factu

rin

g

Pe

mb

ina

an

54

,28

7

1,3

15

5

,56

0

30

5

4

7,0

40

9

80

1

,68

7

3

0

Co

nstr

uctio

n

Pe

rkh

idm

ata

n

41

0,3

37

9

,75

6

10

1,1

14

4

,41

6

18

4,3

35

3

,61

1

12

4,8

88

1

,72

9

Se

rvic

es

* T

erm

as

uk

pe

ng

uru

sa

n &

pro

fes

ion

al

da

n ju

rute

kn

ik &

pro

fes

ion

al

be

rse

ku

tu/I

nclu

de

s m

an

ag

ers

& p

rofe

ssio

na

ls a

nd

te

ch

nic

ian

s &

asso

cia

te p

rofe

ssio

na

ls

Inclu

de

s c

lerica

l su

pp

ort

wo

rke

rs,

se

rvic

e &

sa

les w

ork

ers

, cra

ft &

re

late

d t

rad

es w

ork

ers

an

d p

lan

t &

ma

ch

ine

op

era

tors

& a

sse

mb

lers

***

Te

rma

su

k p

ek

erj

a a

sa

s/

Inclu

de

s e

lem

en

tary

wo

rke

rs

** T

erm

as

uk

pe

ke

rja

so

ko

ng

an

pe

rke

ran

ian

, p

ek

erj

a p

erk

hid

ma

tan

& ju

ala

n,

pe

ke

rja

ke

ma

hir

an

& p

ek

erj

a p

ert

uk

an

ga

n y

an

g b

erk

ait

an

da

n o

pe

rato

r m

es

in &

lo

ji p

em

as

an

ga

n

Ju

mla

h

To

tal

Ja

du

al

A1

5 :

Bil

an

ga

n p

ek

erj

a p

ert

ub

uh

an

mil

ika

n w

an

ita

me

ng

iku

t s

ek

tor

da

n k

ate

go

ri k

em

ah

ira

n,

20

15

Ta

ble

A1

5 :

Nu

mb

er

of

pe

rso

ns e

ng

ag

ed

in

wo

me

n-o

wn

ed

esta

blis

hm

en

ts b

y s

ecto

r a

nd

ca

teg

ory

of

skill

s,

20

15

Ma

hir

/ S

kill

ed

*S

ep

aru

h m

ah

ir/

Se

mi-S

kill

ed

**K

ura

ng

ma

hir

/ L

ow

-Skill

ed

***

hasnida.mahyudin

Text Box

91 1

Ke

lulu

sa

n

Qu

alif

ica

tio

n

Ju

mla

h

To

tal

Pe

rta

nia

n

Ag

ricu

ltu

re

Pe

rlo

mb

on

ga

n &

pe

ng

ku

ari

an

Min

ing

& q

ua

rryin

g

Pe

mb

ua

tan

Ma

nu

factu

rin

g

Pe

mb

ina

an

Co

nstr

uctio

n

Pe

rkh

idm

ata

n

Se

rvic

es

Ju

mla

h

8

53

,55

9

3

9,8

40

2

18

86

,05

1

5

6,8

22

6

70

,62

8

To

tal

Pa

sc

as

isw

aza

h

Po

stg

rad

ua

te

6,3

83

93

4

2

41

1

84

5

,86

1

Ija

za

h s

arj

an

a m

ud

a/D

iplo

ma

la

nju

tan

ata

u s

eta

raf

Ba

ch

elo

r/A

dva

nce

s d

iplo

ma

or

eq

uiv

ale

nt

6

6,1

16

9

26

17

4

,13

1

2,6

94

58

,34

8

Dip

lom

a

Dip

lom

a

8

1,8

13

1

,36

1

2

8

5,5

51

3

,66

8

7

1,2

05

ST

PM

ata

u y

an

g s

eta

raf

ST

PM

or

eq

uiv

ale

nt

34

,50

9

6

90

9

2

,65

5

1,2

36

29

,91

9

Sijil

Ce

rtific

ate

56

,24

0

89

8

1

0

6,6

18

6

,44

5

4

2,2

69

SP

M/S

PM

(V)

ata

u y

an

g s

eta

raf

SP

M/S

PM

(V)

or

eq

uiv

ale

nt

41

7,2

01

31

,90

9

11

0

3

8,3

05

17

,22

6

32

9,6

51

Di

ba

wa

h t

ara

f k

elu

lus

an

SP

M/S

PM

(V)

Be

low

SP

M/S

PM

(V)

qu

alif

ica

tio

n

19

1,2

97

3

,96

3

4

0

2

8,5

50

25

,36

9

13

3,3

75

Ja

du

al

A1

6 :

Bil

an

ga

n p

ek

erj

a p

ert

ub

uh

an

mil

ika

n w

an

ita

me

ng

iku

t k

elu

lus

an

da

n s

ek

tor,

20

15

Ta

ble

A1

6 :

Nu

mb

er

of

pe

rso

ns e

ng

ag

ed

in

wo

me

n-o

wn

ed

esta

blis

hm

en

ts b

y q

ua

lific

atio

n a

nd

se

cto

r, 2

01

5

* M

eru

juk

ke

pa

da

ke

lulu

sa

n d

ala

m p

en

gk

hu

su

sa

n T

ek

no

log

i ya

ng

dip

ero

leh

i d

ari

pa

da

Ra

ng

ka

ian

Un

ive

rsit

i T

ek

nik

al

Ma

lays

ia (

MT

UN

)

R

efe

rs t

o q

ua

lific

atio

n s

pe

cia

lise

d in

Te

ch

no

log

y o

bta

ine

d f

rom

Ma

laysia

n T

ech

nic

al U

niv

ers

ity N

etw

ork

(M

TU

N)

hasnida.mahyudin

Text Box

92 2

Se

kto

r

Se

cto

r

Pe

rbe

lan

jaa

n m

od

al

Ca

pita

l e

xp

en

ditu

re

Pe

lup

us

an

Dis

po

sa

l

Su

su

t n

ila

i s

em

as

a

Cu

rre

nt

de

pre

cia

tio

n

Nil

ai

ha

rta

te

tap

ya

ng

dim

ilik

i

pa

da

ak

hir

ta

hu

n

Va

lue

fix

ed

asse

ts o

wn

ed

as a

t

the

en

d o

f ye

ar

(RM

ju

ta

mill

ion

)

(RM

ju

ta

mill

ion

)

(RM

ju

ta

mill

ion

)

(RM

ju

ta

mill

ion

)

Ju

mla

h4

,57

8

17

2

1,8

05

3

7,8

59

To

tal

Pe

rta

nia

n3

10

6

5

2

58

8

,73

9

Ag

ricu

ltu

re

Pe

rlo

mb

on

ga

n &

pe

ng

ku

ari

an

1

0.4

3

2

3

Min

ing

& q

ua

rryin

g

Pe

mb

ua

tan

55

6

49

44

5

5,4

70

Ma

nu

factu

rin

g

Pe

mb

ina

an

19

3

4

10

1

85

8

Co

nstr

uctio

n

Pe

rkh

idm

ata

n3

,51

7

54

99

8

22

,76

8

Se

rvic

es

Ja

du

al

A1

7 :

Nil

ai

ha

rta

te

tap

pe

rtu

bu

ha

n m

ilik

an

wa

nit

a m

en

gik

ut

se

kto

r, 2

01

5

Ta

ble

A1

7 :

Va

lue

of

fixe

d a

sse

ts o

f w

om

en

-ow

ne

d e

sta

blis

hm

en

ts b

y s

ecto

r, 2

01

5

hasnida.mahyudin

Text Box

0 3

hasnida.mahyudin

Text Box

93 2

Sa

iz

Siz

e

Bil

an

ga

n p

ert

ub

uh

an

Nu

mb

er

of

esta

blis

hm

en

ts

Nil

ai

ou

tpu

t k

as

ar

Va

lue

of

gro

ss o

utp

ut

Nil

ai

inp

ut

pe

ran

tara

an

Va

lue

of

inte

rme

dia

te

inp

ut

Nil

ai

dit

am

ba

h

Va

lue

ad

de

d

Ju

mla

h p

ek

erj

a p

ad

a

bu

lan

Dis

em

be

r a

tau

pa

da

te

mp

oh

ga

ji a

kh

ir

To

tal

nu

mb

er

of

pe

rso

ns

en

ga

ge

d d

urin

g

De

ce

mb

er

or

the

la

st

pa

y p

erio

d

Ga

ji &

up

ah

ya

ng

dib

aya

r

Sa

larie

s &

wa

ge

s p

aid

Nil

ai

ha

rta

te

tap

ya

ng

dim

ilik

i p

ad

a a

kh

ir

tah

un

Va

lue

of

fixe

d a

sse

ts

ow

ne

d a

s a

t th

e e

nd

of

the

ye

ar

(RM

ju

ta

mill

ion

)

(RM

ju

ta

mill

ion

)

(RM

ju

ta

mill

ion

)

(RM

ju

ta

mill

ion

)

(RM

ju

ta

mill

ion

)

Ju

mla

h1

86

,93

0

69

,21

3

3

5,7

48

33

,46

6

7

81

,43

8

11

,85

9

3

1,3

40

To

tal

Pe

rta

nia

n

1,4

98

3

,01

2

1,3

84

1

,62

8

29

,61

2

5

36

6

,91

9

Ag

ricu

ltu

re

Pe

rlo

mb

on

ga

n &

pe

ng

ku

ari

an

2

0

2

8

1

3

1

4

2

18

5

2

3

Min

ing

& q

ua

rryin

g

Pe

mb

ua

tan

9

,51

9

11

,01

1

8

,21

2

2,7

99

6

8,4

26

1,3

32

3

,64

9

Ma

nu

factu

rin

g

Pe

mb

ina

an

2

,57

0

3,8

57

2

,49

5

1,3

62

3

7,5

36

78

1

60

5

Co

nstr

uctio

n

Pe

rkh

idm

ata

n1

73

,32

3

51

,30

4

2

3,6

44

27

,66

2

6

45

,64

6

9,2

04

2

0,1

42

Se

rvic

es

Ja

du

al

A1

8 :

Pe

ran

gk

aa

n u

tam

a p

ert

ub

uh

an

mil

ika

n w

an

ita

PK

S m

en

gik

ut

se

kto

r, 2

01

5

Ta

ble

A1

8:

Prin

cip

al sta

tistics o

f w

om

en

-ow

ne

d e

sta

blis

hm

en

ts S

ME

s b

y s

ecto

r, 2

01

5

hasnida.mahyudin

Text Box

83

JADUAL B: JADUAL

TAMBAHAN

TABLES B: ADDITIONAL

TABLE

BAHAGIAN 4

PART 4

Se

kto

r/ S

ub

se

kto

r

Se

cto

r/ S

ub

-se

cto

r

Pe

ng

gu

na

an

ko

mp

ute

r d

ala

m p

ern

iag

aa

n

ICT

usa

ge

in

bu

sin

ess

Pe

ng

gu

na

an

in

tern

et

da

lam

pe

rnia

ga

an

Inte

rne

t u

sa

ge

in

bu

sin

ess

Pe

ng

gu

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res

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Ju

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To

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56

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4

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.7

Pe

rta

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Ag

ricu

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68

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48

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5

.8

Pe

rlo

mb

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ga

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ng

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Min

ing

an

d Q

ua

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75

.0

50

.0

15

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Pe

mb

ua

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Ma

nu

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89

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mb

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nstr

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66

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9

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Pe

rkh

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54

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38

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14

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Uti

liti

Utilit

ies

71

.6

67

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6

.0

Pe

rda

ga

ng

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Bo

ron

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an

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nc

it

Wh

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tail

Tra

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66

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49

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24

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Pe

ng

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gk

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nyim

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Tra

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Sto

rag

e

33

.8

33

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23

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Pe

ng

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Acco

mm

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82

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63

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ka

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Ko

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Info

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1

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88

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wa

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da

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Fin

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du

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ter,

in

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Ta

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hm

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20

15

hasnida.mahyudin

Text Box

97

Se

kto

r/ S

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se

kto

r

Se

cto

r/ S

ub

-se

cto

r

Pe

ng

gu

na

an

ko

mp

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ala

m p

ern

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aa

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ICT

usa

ge

in

bu

sin

ess

Pe

ng

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na

an

in

tern

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an

Inte

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sin

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Pe

ng

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na

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we

b p

res

en

ce

da

lam

pe

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ga

an

We

b p

rese

nce

usa

ge

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bu

sin

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%%

%

Ha

rta

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h

Re

al E

sta

te

99

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98

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12

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Pro

fes

ion

al,

Sa

inti

fik

da

n T

ek

nik

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Pro

fessio

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l, S

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97

.9

92

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16

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Pe

nta

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idm

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So

ko

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Ad

min

istr

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81

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Pe

nd

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82

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68

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Ke

sih

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n K

em

an

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Ke

rja

So

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ma

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73

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60

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Ke

se

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ura

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Re

kre

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, E

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84

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11

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Pe

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55

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31

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Ja

du

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20

15

(co

nt.

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hasnida.mahyudin

Text Box

98

Pe

nd

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Pe

rbe

lan

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Inco

me

Exp

en

ditu

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(RM

'0

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)(R

M '0

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)

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5

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83

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2,3

33

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9

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Ag

ricu

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7

3,4

56

14

4

Pe

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ga

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Pe

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5

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4

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7

1,0

88

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2

Uti

liti

Utilit

ies

-

-

-

Pe

rda

ga

ng

an

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ron

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nc

it

Wh

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53

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Pe

ng

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48

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Ma

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Ma

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Ke

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Ja

du

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B2

: P

en

da

pa

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da

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g p

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20

15

Ta

ble

B2

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co

me

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5

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me

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Nu

mb

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me

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tra

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hasnida.mahyudin

Text Box

99

Pe

nd

ap

ata

n

Pe

rbe

lan

jaa

n

Inco

me

Exp

en

ditu

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(RM

'0

00

)(R

M '0

00

)

Ha

rta

na

h

Re

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sta

te

3

3,5

01

7

7

Pro

fes

ion

al,

Sa

inti

fik

da

n T

ek

nik

al

Pro

fessio

na

l, S

cie

ntific a

nd

Te

ch

nic

al

22

9,1

90

2,4

19

Pe

nta

db

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an

Kh

idm

at

So

ko

ng

an

Ad

min

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ative

an

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up

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36

39

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1

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98

Pe

nd

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1

75

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36

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3

11

0

3

59

Ke

se

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Re

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Art

, E

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11

9,1

25

65

3

Pe

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45

4,2

79

83

8

Ja

du

al

B2

: P

en

da

pa

tan

da

n p

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an

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an

g p

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an

mil

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an

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me

ng

iku

t s

ek

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su

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20

15

(s

am

b.)

Ta

ble

B2

: In

co

me

an

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xp

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01

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co

nt.

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Se

kto

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cto

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an

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me

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ak

si

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hm

en

t in

vo

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d in

e-C

om

me

rce

tra

nsa

ctio

n

hasnida.mahyudin

Text Box

100

(RM

ju

ta

mill

ion

)

(RM

ju

ta

mill

ion

)

(RM

ju

ta

mill

ion

)

Ju

mla

h/

To

tal

6,5

83

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89

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6

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94

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9

Pe

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nia

n

Ag

ricu

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3

,45

6

3

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6

-

Pe

rlo

mb

on

ga

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an

Pe

ng

ku

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Min

ing

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ua

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g

-

-

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Pe

mb

ua

tan

Ma

nu

factu

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g

2,4

74

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2,4

68

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9

5,8

49

Pe

mb

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3

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3

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Se

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es

4,1

02

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7

3,5

13

,84

7

5

88

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0

Uti

liti

Utilit

ies

-

-

-

Pe

rda

ga

ng

an

Bo

ron

g d

an

Ru

nc

it

Wh

ole

sa

le a

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tail

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3,2

07

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55

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2

35

1,4

55

Pe

ng

an

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Pe

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pa

na

n

Tra

nsp

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Sto

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74

3

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Pe

ng

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Acco

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n

4

36

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2

02

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8

23

3,3

61

Ma

ka

na

n d

an

Min

um

an

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od

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rag

es

4

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7

4

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7

-

Ma

klu

ma

t d

an

Ko

mu

nik

as

i

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Co

mm

un

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tio

n

10

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10

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4

35

Ke

wa

ng

an

da

n I

ns

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ns

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ka

ful

Fin

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su

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ful

58

5

8

-

Ja

du

al

B3

: P

en

da

pa

tan

e-D

ag

an

g p

ert

ub

uh

an

mil

ika

n w

an

ita

me

ng

iku

t je

nis

pa

sa

ran

da

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ek

tor/

su

bs

ek

tor,

20

15

Ta

ble

B3

: In

co

me

of

e-C

om

me

rce

of

wo

me

n-o

wn

ed

esta

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hm

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ts b

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01

5

Se

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Ju

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h

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Te

mp

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n

Do

me

stic

An

tara

ba

ng

sa

Inte

rna

tio

na

l

hasnida.mahyudin

Text Box

101

(RM

ju

ta

mill

ion

)

(RM

ju

ta

mill

ion

)

(RM

ju

ta

mill

ion

)

Ha

rta

na

h

Re

al E

sta

te

3

,50

1

3

,50

1

-

Pro

fes

ion

al,

Sa

inti

fik

da

n T

ek

nik

al

Pro

fessio

na

l, S

cie

ntific a

nd

Te

ch

nic

al

9

,19

0

9

,19

0

-

Pe

nta

db

ira

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an

Kh

idm

at

So

ko

ng

an

Ad

min

istr

ative

an

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up

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3

94

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0

3

92

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0

2,4

00

Pe

nd

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Ed

uca

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n

22

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9

22

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7

52

Ke

sih

ata

n K

em

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us

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Hu

ma

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1

10

7

7

33

Ke

se

nia

n,

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an

Re

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, E

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9

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5

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5

1,0

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Pe

rkh

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4

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9

4

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6

44

Ja

du

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: P

en

da

pa

tan

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ag

an

g p

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uh

an

mil

ika

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an

ita

me

ng

iku

t je

nis

pa

sa

ran

da

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ek

tor/

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bs

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tor,

20

15

(s

am

b.)

Ta

ble

B3

: In

co

me

of

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me

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of

wo

me

n-o

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ed

esta

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hm

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ts b

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01

5 (

co

nt.

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Ju

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To

tal

Te

mp

ata

n

Do

me

stic

An

tara

ba

ng

sa

Inte

rna

tio

na

l

hasnida.mahyudin

Text Box

102

Se

kto

r

Se

cto

r

Ju

mla

h

To

tal

Bil

an

ga

n

Nu

mb

er

%(R

M'0

00

)(R

M'0

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)%

(RM

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0)

%

Ju

mla

h

To

tal

86

11

00

.02

8,7

40

7,6

50

26

.62

1,0

90

73

.4

Pe

rta

nia

n

Ag

ricu

ltu

re4

35

.0

1

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5

17

1

10

.01

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4

9

0.0

Pe

rlo

mb

on

ga

n &

pe

ng

ku

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& q

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g3

0

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8

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8

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0.0

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mb

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nu

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82

6

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59

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Pe

mb

ina

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87

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25

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Pe

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65

6

76

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8

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5

54

1

6.4

7,9

64

93

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Ja

du

al

B4

: B

ila

ng

an

pe

rtu

bu

ha

n m

ilik

an

wa

nit

a d

an

pe

ca

ha

n p

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ela

nja

an

pe

rlin

du

ng

an

ala

m s

ek

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en

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01

5

Ta

ble

B4

: N

um

be

r o

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hm

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sh

are

of

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viro

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Text Box

95

PENERBITAN INI BOLEH JUGA DIPEROLEH DI JABATAN PERANGKAAN NEGERI SEPERTI BERIKUT:

THIS PUBLICATION IS ALSO AVAILABLE AT THE FOLLOWING STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS:

Pengarah,

Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Negeri Johor,

Tingkat 14, Menara Tabung Haji,

Jalan Air Molek,

80000 Johor Bahru, Johor.

Tel : 07 - 225 3700

Faks : 07 - 224 9972

E-mel : [email protected]

Pengarah,

Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Negeri Kedah,

Aras 1, Zon C, Wisma Persekutuan,

Pusat Pentadbiran Kerajaan Persekutuan,

Bandar Muadzam Shah,

06550 Anak Bukit, Alor Setar, Kedah

Tel : 04 - 700 1240

Faks : 04 - 733 8412


Pengarah,

Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Negeri Kelantan,

Tingkat 8, Bangunan Persekutuan,

Jalan Bayam,

15514 Kota Bharu, Kelantan.

Tel : 09 - 7419449

Faks : 09 - 7482142


Pengarah,

Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Negeri Melaka,

Aras 7 & 8, Wisma Persekutuan,

Jalan MITC, Hang Tuah Jaya,

75450 Ayer Keroh, Melaka.

Tel : 06 - 252 2725

Faks : 06 - 252 2711


Pengarah,

Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Negeri Sembilan,

Tingkat 12, Wisma Persekutuan,

Jalan Dato’ Abdul Kadir,

70000 Seremban, Negeri Sembilan.

Tel : 06 - 765 5000

Faks : 06 - 765 5002


Pengarah,

Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Negeri Pahang,


Jalan Gambut,

25000 Kuantan, Pahang.

Tel : 09 - 516 3931/7

Faks : 09 - 514 4636


Pengarah,

Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Negeri Pulau

Pinang,


10400, Jalan Anson,

Pulau Pinang.

Tel : 04 - 226 6244

Faks : 04 - 229 9499


Pengarah,

Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Negeri Perak,

Tingkat 3, Blok A, Bangunan Persekutuan Ipoh,

Jalan Dato’ Seri Ahmad Said (Greentown)

30450 Ipoh, Perak

Tel : 05 - 255 4963

Faks : 05 - 255 1073


Pengarah,

Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Negeri Perlis,

Tingkat 1, Bangunan Perodua Kangar,

No. 2, Persiaran Jubli Perak,

01000 Kangar,

Perlis

Tel : 04 - 976 7381

Faks : 04 - 976 8950


Pengarah,

Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Negeri Selangor,

Tingkat 9, Bangunan Darul Ehsan,

Jalan Indah, Seksyen 14,

40000 Shah Alam, Selangor

Tel : 03 - 5515 0200

Faks : 03 - 5518 0408


Pengarah,

Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Negeri Terengganu,

Tingkat 9, Wisma Persekutuan,

Jalan Sultan Ismail,

20200 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu.

Tel : 09 - 622 3062

Faks : 09 - 622 9659


Pengarah,

Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Negeri Sabah,

Tingkat 1-3, Blok C, Kompleks Pentadbiran

Kerajaan Persekutuan Sabah, Jalan UMS,

Beg Berkunci No. 2046, 88999 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah.

Tel : 088 - 484 602

Faks : 088 - 484 659


Pengarah,

Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Negeri Sarawak,

Tingkat 7 & 8, Bangunan Tun Datuk Patinggi

Tuanku Haji Bujang, Jalan Simpang Tiga,

93514 Kuching, Sarawak.

Tel : 082 - 240 287

Faks : 082 - 242 609


Pengarah,

Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia

Wilayah Persekutuan,

Tingkat 14 & 15, Wisma Sime Darby,

Jalan Raja Laut,

50350 Kuala Lumpur.

Tel : 03 - 2267 2400

Faks : 03 - 2274 5075


mailto:[email protected]



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