Ambik Ko Zaila
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Transcript of Ambik Ko Zaila
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TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE PAGES
1.1 introduction 1
2.1 literature review 2
2.1.1 Definition of soil
2.1.2 Definition of soil erosion
2.1.3 Types of soil erosion
3.1 Soil erosion In Malaysia 3
3.1.1 Introduction of soil erosion in Malaysia
3.1.2 Issues related to soil erosion
3.2 Potential solution 5
4.1 Conclusion 7
5.1 References 8
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1.1 INTRODUCTION
According to Kevin Lynch and Gary Hack, site planning is the art of arranging structures on
the land and shaping the space between, an art linked to architecture, engineering, landscape
architecture, and city planning. Site planning also can be defined as a process which is
following the logical sequence and action in order to achieve the ultimate solution. The
process is started with the finding of problem to be solved. The problem usually related to
land use of the site. At this point, the designer has to identify the site and begins collecting
data related to the site and it surrounding area. The data will be process to determine the
strength, weakness, opportunities, and thread of the site.
Site investigation is a process consists of geological, geotechnical, and other relevant
information which might affect the development of the site. It is a must for any development
activities. The expert in planning or engineering which is related with development activity
will carry out site investigation. There are 4 methods to carry out site investigation which is
desk study and geotechnical advice, standard ground investigation, limited investigation
coupled with monitoring and the observation methods.
The development of the site in Malaysia is controlled by planning standard and guidelines.
Before any building is allowed being constructing, the site must go through several activitiesto make sure it is suitable for development. For example classification of soil may determine
the site can hold the weight of building and for safety purpose. The contain of soil is different
in certain area such as in high ground and near water bodies. From that point, site
investigation must be carry out by the expert. The flow of process will start with the activity
of soil sampling until laboratory test. Other aspect that needs to be considered is hydrology.
Some of the site consists of water activity such as water ways, river and lake. The building
cannot be constructing too near to water area. It is because the building may be risk to flood
tragedy or soil erosion. Another problem may occur is if water ways is cut off by building
construction, the water may flow deep to underground and slowly will cause landslide to the
area.
For the conclusion of introduction, throughout the process of completing this assignment, the
students should obtain many benefits such as skill of good observer to identified urban
planning issues and problems related to site planning. Site planning will be practised by
students in their future as a town planner.
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2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1.1 DEFINITION OF SOIL
Soil is a thin layer of material on the Earth's surface in which plants have their roots. It ismade up of many things, such as weathered rock and decayed plant and animal matter. Soil is
formed over a long period of time. Soil Formation takes place when many things interact,
such as air, water, plant life, animal life, rocks, and chemicals.
http://library.thinkquest.org/J003195F/definiti.htm
2.1.2 DEFINITION OF SOIL EROSION
Soil is naturally removed by the action of water or wind. Soil erosion has been occurring for
some 450 million years, since the first land plants formed the first soil. Accelerated soil
erosion by water or wind may affect both agricultural areas and the natural environment, and
is one of the most widespread of today's environmental problems. Soil erosion affects a large
part of the Earth surface, and accelerated soil erosion is recognized as one of the main soil
threats, compromising soil productive and protective functions
soilerosion.net
2.1.3 TYPE OF SOIL EROSION
There are several ways of classifying erosion. One general way is to distinguish between
accelerated and geologic erosion. Geological erosion occurs where soil is in its natural
environment surrounded by its natural vegetation without human disturbance. Accelerated
erosion is a concept referring to an essentially natural process occurring at an increased rate
under conditions of ecological disequilibrium.
i. Splash erosionii. Sheet erosion
iii. Rill erosioniv. Gully erosionv. Stream channel erosion
vi. Tunnel erosionvii. Tillage erosion
http://library.thinkquest.org/J003195F/definiti.htmhttp://library.thinkquest.org/J003195F/definiti.htmhttp://www.soilerosion.net/doc/extent_of_erosion.htmlhttp://www.soilerosion.net/doc/extent_of_erosion.htmlhttp://library.thinkquest.org/J003195F/definiti.htm -
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3.1 SOIL EROSION IN MALAYSIA
3.1.1 INTRODUCTION TO SOIL EROSION IN MALAYSIA
Soil erosion is a common natural occurrence in Malaysia because of the particular
topography, soils and corresponding vegetation that predominate and the extensive rainfall
that the country experiences. However, due to rapid land use developments, accelerated soil
erosion is becoming a serious problem.
3.1.2 ISSUE RELATED TO SOIL EROSION
i. Improper drainage systemSome of the place in Malaysia does not have proper drainage system. It will cause
major devastating such as landslide and flash flood. Improper drainage will create
localized areas of saturated soils, which soften the soils and allow the foundation to
settle. Poor drainage can be due to the localized topography of the area. Sometimes
these drainage systems do not properly channel water away from a home, resulting in
pooling or paddling around the foundation.
The article in the star newspaper on 3 January 2010 state that improper drainage
system is a major problem to cause soil erosion in Taman Seri Desa, Bukit
Chendering. It is state that about 22 terrace house is at risk of landslide and soil
erosion is started a year before the date. The soil becomes worst when monsoon
season is start. Most of drainage is broke and need to be repair. As a town planner,
they must know what type of soil is suitable for development and identified the soil in
site. They also must plan drainage system properly and channel the water away from
the residential area.
Taman Seri Desa residential area
Source: apakataorang.blogspot.com
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ii. Unplanned developmentUnplanned development in this instance is development outside the existing legal
framework for legal settlement. It is solely dependent on the dominant legal or
enforceable policy that is in place.Development is needed to improve the quality ofhumans life in the aspects of economy, social, physical, technology and education.
Expansion of industries, transport network and other living conditions are carried out
at the expense of the environment when they are not properly planned and managed.
In order to construct the building, developer must go through deforestation process.
Deforestation is the act of clearing of the forest by cutting down trees for giving space
to the building. When trees are cut down, the soil surface is exposed directly to the
force of rainfall. The top most fertile layers gets washed away causing soil erosion.
The Highland Tower tragedy occurred on 11 December 1993 in Taman Hillview, Ulu
Klang, Selangor. The collapse of the building caused the deaths up to 48 people. The
main reason of the tragedy is soil erosion caused by the unplanned development.
Behind the building, there is small water ways known as East Creek. When the
building is being develop, they cut off the flow of water and replace by pipe system to
bypass the towers.
Unplanned development is clearly occurring in this development because any building
construction cannot be built near water ways. The soil near to water ways more
deeply moist and unsuitable for any development.
The graph show the number of landslides happen in Malaysia in a 34 years
Source: blogs.agu.org
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3.2. POTENTIAL SOLUTION
i. Follow the right site clearing processSite clearing process consist of cutting down trees, cut trees, pull out stumps, dump
the timber, wood burning and clearing the area. During the process, there is several
conditions that need to follow:
a) For the big area, site clearing process must be done stage by stage to avoid thelong term exposure of soil to erosion process.
b) Site clearing process is more suitable to be done during dry seasonc) Deforestation should only be done for the crops like vegetables, fruits, rubber
and palm oil. If the deforestation required to cut the big trees, selective cutting
down of trees is encouraged. Trees that are left will help protect the soil from
erosion.
d) When pull out the stumps, it is recommended to select the priority of pull itout. Some of the building construction doesnt need to clear a few stumps
because it can help to prevent the soil erosion
e) Wood burning process is occurring when it needed only. The left over woodsfrom cutting down process can help to withstand the erosion.
f)
The trees beside the water ways must be left undisturbed.ii. Build soil conservation structures
Soil conservation structures are effective to control the erosion. Proper drainage
system and structure can channel the water flow to safety area. Many structures is
build by grout the soil and use the nature things only like the soil itself, rock and
wood. There are several types of soil conservation structures:
a) Gutter structuresMove water from a more elevated part of soil to a lower-lying terrace
b) Tyre structureThese structures are not recommended unless great care is taken to stack tyre
properly. Fast-flowing water can cause any number of problems.
c) Small concrete structuresSmall concrete structures, brickwork or stone masonry can be used in small
gullies where the reefs are clearly exposed.
d) Bare spotsDivide by two type which is branches and loosening
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e) Stone stacksThe stones must be stacked correctly to enable them to absorb the force of the
water.
iii. Other solutionOther solution is probably enforcing the law of town planning act. Before this, the
development is more loose in term of follow the planning standard guidelines. After
the Highland Towers tragedy, local authority started to enforce the law and force the
developer to follow the guidelines.
Other than enforcing law, the planners should realizes that when he or she is taking
bribe, it will kill somebody life. Corruption in town planning world is worst day by
day. The attitude of planners which is selfish without thinking other people should be
change because when the planners fail to follow the guidelines; there will be tragedy
after the construction is completed.
Water flow from high ground
Source: http://mesra-alam-yapchin.blogspot.com
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4.1 CONCLUSION
Soil erosion is a serious problem in site planning. Development in area with soil
erosion risk is will affect the community of the area. For example, when landslide is
happen in particular area, the surrounding area is affect in term of economy. The
tourist is scare by the tragedy and trying to avoid the place. If there is resort or
landmarks, it will make the industry dropped and probably going to bankrupt. Beside
that, the existing residential area adjacent to the landslide will affect in term of house
sale. The developer of existing resident will face the loss of money. The tragedy will
make the people thing that the whole area not suitable to live in. So that they will
cancel their house payment and make the developer bankrupt because many house is
not being sold.
The Highland Tower tragedy cause by soil erosion
Source: animhosnan.blogspot.com
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5.1 REFERENCES
5.1.1 BOOKS AND REPORT
1. Kevin Lynch Gary Hack,1984. Site planning 3e2. Economic planning unit prime ministers department Malaysia , 2011. Malaysia the
millennium development goals at 2010
3. Kamarulain Bt Kamal, 1989. Aktiviti pembangunan perumahan dan kaitannyadengan kejadian hakisan tanah
4. Department of Agriculture Malaysia, 2000. Panduan pembangunan di tanah bercerun5. Shazarina Bt Hashim, 2009. Kajian hakisan tanah dan keberkesanan perangkap
sedimen di tapak pembinaan
5.1.2 INTERNET SOURCE
1. http://library.thinkquest.org/J003195F/definiti.htm2. soilerosion.net3. apakataorang.blogspot.com4.
blogs.agu.org
5. http://mesra-alam-yapchin.blogspot.com6. animhosnan.blogspot.com7. www.fairfaxcounty.gov8. http://apaorangkata.blogspot.com/2010/01/hakisan-tanah-di-taman-seri-desa-
bukit.html
9. http://www.elsenburg.com/info/els/074/074e.html
http://www.google.com.my/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Kevin+Lynch+Gary+Hack%22http://library.thinkquest.org/J003195F/definiti.htmhttp://mesra-alam-yapchin.blogspot.com/http://mesra-alam-yapchin.blogspot.com/http://library.thinkquest.org/J003195F/definiti.htmhttp://www.google.com.my/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Kevin+Lynch+Gary+Hack%22