fakta bahas bahasa Inggeris untuk tajuk Informasi Teknologi

8/19/2019 fakta bahas bahasa Inggeris untuk tajuk Informasi Teknologi

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Peraturan Baharu Peniaga Dalam Talian Berkuat Kuasa 1 Julai


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Telemedicine Technology

The evolution of innovative technologies has changed the way we can practice telemedicine.

When considering the right technologies for your telemedicine program, it is important to make sure your choice

will easily integrate into your existing infrastructure and is scalable for potential future applications. The right

systems architecture and open systems approach can lead to a nationwide, telemedicine deployment at the

fraction of the cost, effort and time compared to second generation (in-band) telemedicine.

Live content sharing is NOT real-time telemedicine

As telemedicine technologies have evolved, it is no longer good enough for many medical situations to be able to

“capture and share” patient information. The true benefit of a clinical telemedicine encounter is being able to

accurately deliver real-time patient information between the exam site and remote provider. The use of oldertelemedicine technologies, such as in-band telemedicine, has its limitations for today's’ clinical requirements and

is more costly than new architecture technologies.

Clinical telemedicine applications in today's healthcare environment typically use one of two methods to transmit

images, data and sound -either "live", real-time transmission or store and forward transmission. While either

technology choice may be sufficient for your practice, there are many benefits that real-time telemedicine offers

over store-and-forward platforms or "content sharing" applications.

Connected medical device technology

Regardless of the transmission method, connect medical devices are a critical component of clinical telemedicineexamination. Medical devices that are reliable to work every time, are easy to use and have seamless integration

into your existing clinical workflow, have the most success.

AMD Global Telemedicine will walk you through the process of figuring out what telemedicine technologies are

the right fit for your specific needs. Our product and technologies were developed specifically for telemedicine

applications and are seamless to integrate into general healthcare practices.


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Telemedicine Defined

Telemedicine (also referred to as "telehealth" or "e-health") allows health care professionals to evaluate, diagnose

and treat patients in remote locations using telecommunications technology. Telemedicine allows patients in

remote locations to access medical expertise quickly, efficiently and without travel. Telemedicine provides more

efficient use of limited expert resources who can "see" patients in multiple locations wherever they are needed

without leaving their facility. In developed and developing countries telemedicine offers a reduced cost solution to

delivering remote care when and where it is needed without the building and staffing added facilities.

Telemedicine also reduces isolation that clinicians can experience in small medical facilities in distant locations.

Telemedicine allows local practitioners to consult with their peers and with clinical experts when needed.

Telemedicine further allows them to participate in grand rounds and education opportunities they would not

normally have access to without travel and time away from their patients.

Telemedicine has become standard medical practice and is in daily use across dozens of countries. Over 10,000

peer review papers have been published over the past 20 years supporting the clinical effectiveness and cost

savings of telemedicine. For more information consult theAmerican Telemedicine Association, the International

Society for Telemedicine and eHealth or the National Library of Medicine.

The impact telemedicine has made on applications worldwide is astounding! There are hundreds of "use" cases

showing how telemedicine technology is being used to improve the quality of healthcare and to deliver medical

care in rural and remote locations. Here are some recent research studies done on the impact telemedicine has

made.

The Financial Impact of a Pediatric Telemedicine Program: A Children’s Hospital’s Perspective

- TELEMEDICINE and e-HEALTH, JULY 2013

Examples of Research Outcomes: Telemedicine’s Impact on Healthcare Cost and Quality

- American Telemedicine Association, April 2013

http://www.americantelemed.org/http://www.americantelemed.org/http://www.isft.net/http://www.isft.net/http://www.isft.net/http://www.isft.net/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/http://www.amdtelemedicine.com/telemedicine-resources/telemedicine-applications.htmlhttp://www.amdtelemedicine.com/telemedicine-resources/telemedicine-applications.htmlhttp://www.amdtelemedicine.com/telemedicine-resources/documents/FinancialImpactofaPediatricTelemedPrograminacompetitivehospitalregion_2013.pdfhttp://www.amdtelemedicine.com/telemedicine-resources/documents/ATATelemedicineResearchPaper_impact-on-healthcare-cost-and-quality_April2013.pdfhttp://www.isft.net/http://www.isft.net/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/http://www.amdtelemedicine.com/telemedicine-resources/telemedicine-applications.htmlhttp://www.amdtelemedicine.com/telemedicine-resources/documents/FinancialImpactofaPediatricTelemedPrograminacompetitivehospitalregion_2013.pdfhttp://www.amdtelemedicine.com/telemedicine-resources/documents/ATATelemedicineResearchPaper_impact-on-healthcare-cost-and-quality_April2013.pdfhttp://www.americantelemed.org/


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Telemedicine FAQs

What is Telemedicine?

Is the diagnostic quality of the data, images or sound used in telemedicine to diagnosis and treat a patient as

good as that collected in a face-to-face exam?

What factors most affect the success of a telemedicine program?

The technology is so complex, how can I be sure that everything will work as planned?

When should I first contact AMD about medical device selections?

Our telemedicine program plans to serve a number of remote regions with little access to trained professionals

and the potential for high turnover. Can we effectively train people in remote regions to operate sophisticated

equipment?

What is Telemedicine?

Telemedicine (also referred to as "telehealth" or "e-health") allows health care professionals to use "connected"

medical devices in the evaluation, diagnosis and treatment of patients in other locations. These devices are

enhanced through the use of telecommunications technology, network computing, video-conferencing systems

and CODECs. Specialized application software, data storage devices, database management software, and

medical devices capable of electronic data collection, storage and transmission are all key components of the

Telemedicine infrastructure.

Telemedicine customarily uses two methods to transmit images, data and sound - either "live", real-time

transmission where the consulting professional participates in the examination of the patient while diagnostic

information is collected and transmitted, or "store and forward" transmission, where the consulting professional

reviews data asynchronous with its collection. Many programs employ both transmission capabilities, to maximize

efficient use of resources appropriate to the medical services being provided.

Is the diagnostic quality of the data, images or sound used in telemedicine to

diagnosis and treat a patient as good as that collected in a face-to-face exam?

AMD and its manufacturing partners recognize that physicians will not participate in telemedicine programs

unless they are comfortable with the quality of diagnostic information. AMD devices capture diagnostic

information at least comparable to that customarily relied upon by physicians and, in many instances, capture

more complete data than obtained in a typical physician's office. With AMD devices, physicians can review and

analyze data in ways that is often not available in a physician's office.

As a simple example, physicians typically receive ECG data on a difficult-to-read paper strip representing only

several seconds of the data set. The data strip is often placed manually in a medical record and is subject to

degradation over time. With a paper strip, the interpreting physician does not have access to all of the underlying

data, and analysis is limited to data presented on the strip. In comparison, the AMD-3875 12 Lead ECG captures

and transmits complete ECG data sets in digital format. A physician may segment the data in a variety of ways for

analysis, apply a large number of analytical tools, print reports in customized formats, and electronically archive in

a medical record.

In most video-based diagnostic applications, AMD devices highly magnify subject anatomy, and physicians

benefit from viewing the images on monitors with powerful software tools to enhance images, to make

annotations, and to archive for future reference.

http://www.amdtelemedicine.com/telemedicine-resources/telemedicine-faqs.html#faq01http://www.amdtelemedicine.com/telemedicine-resources/telemedicine-faqs.html#faq02http://www.amdtelemedicine.com/telemedicine-resources/telemedicine-faqs.html#faq02http://www.amdtelemedicine.com/telemedicine-resources/telemedicine-faqs.html#faq03http://www.amdtelemedicine.com/telemedicine-resources/telemedicine-faqs.html#faq04http://www.amdtelemedicine.com/telemedicine-resources/telemedicine-faqs.html#faq05http://www.amdtelemedicine.com/telemedicine-resources/telemedicine-faqs.html#faq06http://www.amdtelemedicine.com/telemedicine-resources/telemedicine-faqs.html#faq06http://www.amdtelemedicine.com/telemedicine-resources/telemedicine-faqs.html#faq06http://www.amdtelemedicine.com/telemedicine-resources/telemedicine-faqs.html#faq01http://www.amdtelemedicine.com/telemedicine-resources/telemedicine-faqs.html#faq02http://www.amdtelemedicine.com/telemedicine-resources/telemedicine-faqs.html#faq02http://www.amdtelemedicine.com/telemedicine-resources/telemedicine-faqs.html#faq03http://www.amdtelemedicine.com/telemedicine-resources/telemedicine-faqs.html#faq04http://www.amdtelemedicine.com/telemedicine-resources/telemedicine-faqs.html#faq05http://www.amdtelemedicine.com/telemedicine-resources/telemedicine-faqs.html#faq06http://www.amdtelemedicine.com/telemedicine-resources/telemedicine-faqs.html#faq06http://www.amdtelemedicine.com/telemedicine-resources/telemedicine-faqs.html#faq06


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AMD works carefully with physicians to make sure that AMD devices provide the high quality data that physicians

need and rely upon to support their diagnosis and treatment decisions.

What factors most affect the success of a telemedicine program?

Successful telemedicine programs start with a well-crafted plan to guide the development of the program and itssubsequent operation. Critical factors affecting the success of the program include:

• A well-crafted plan

• Clear program objectives with an ability to measure performance

• Consulting physician support

• Technology selections, including medical devices, designed to achieve program objectives

• Adequate funding

• Training, Training and more Training!!! and

• Integration of the program into everyday clinical practice

If you address these issues in the planning process, it is far more likely that the program will achieve success and

continuing institutional support.

With over 7,200 telemedicine site installations in more than 92 countries, AMD brings a wealth of expertise and

experience to assist you in the development of your telemedicine program. Feel free to contact us to obtain

assistance in the planning of your program.

The technology is so complex, how can I be sure that everything will work as

planned?

First, document the requirements of the program to avoid misunderstandings or technology conflicts or

deficiencies. Second, use modular design to the extent possible and plan for flexibility. Technology always

changes. New applications will appear and existing ones may become obsolete. You want the flexibility to add to

your program while changing the parts that are obsolete, not the entire system. Third, try to use standards-based

products to assure ready availability of interface applications and inter-operability of component parts. Avoid the

"home grown" trap. Finally, select vendors who have experience, are committed to the industry, have a history of

working with other vendors to deliver a fully integrated product, and stand behind their products and applications.

When should I first contact AMD about medical device selections?

When planning medical device selections, it is important to keep in mind what your program is trying to achieve -

the capture of high quality images, data and sound that can be transmitted from the patient location to consulting

professionals who assist in the evaluation, diagnosis and treatment of the patient. In order to embrace

telemedicine, those health care professionals must be convinced that the selected devices will produce data they

can rely on to make a diagnosis. The program must be planned around diagnostic data acquisition, and that

starts with medical devices. Contact AMD early in the planning process.

In most programs, medical devices are the last items of technology installed. The other technology choices you

make, however, can dramatically affect your medical diagnostic options - often limiting those options in ways that

can dramatically compromise program success. AMD telemedicine specialists will be happy to consult early in the

http://www.amdtelemedicine.com/contact-amd-telemedicine.htmlhttp://www.amdtelemedicine.com/contact-amd-telemedicine.htmlhttp://www.amdtelemedicine.com/contact-amd-telemedicine.htmlhttp://www.amdtelemedicine.com/contact-amd-telemedicine.html


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planning process - even if you are not planning on acquiring medical devices for many months. Trained in a

number of related technologies such as video conferencing systems and CODECS, telecom and IP, network

computing and software applications and interfaces, AMD telemedicine specialists can provide answers and help

you find the right resources to lessen the time and lower the cost of program development.

Feel free to contact AMD early in the planning process. AMD is committed to the development of your successfultelemedicine program.

Our telemedicine program plans to serve a number of remote regions with little

access to trained professionals and the potential for high turnover. Can we effectively

train people in remote regions to operate sophisticated equipment?

Nothing affects the success of a telemedicine program more than effective training programs, which allow

program participants to use the technology with confidence. The first step is to assess the tasks of each

participant. In many remote regions, tele-presenters are trained principally for data acquisition and

documentation, not data interpretation. Data interpretation is left to the consulting health care professionals. Once

the role of each program participant is defined, it is much easier to develop an effective training program.

AMD recommends that the program provide for the training of participants at inception, with a refresher training

program within 60 - 90 days to address specific participant questions and to reinforce the earlier training effort. If

the program anticipates expansion or turnover, a "train the trainer" program can be established to allow your

personnel to conduct the first level of training. AMD can then provide periodic refresher training, or training for

new participants.

AMD offers a number of training options, including on-site training (popular at program inception and for "train the

trainer" programs), video conference training available on a per session basis (great for refresher training), and

custom training programs for large telemedicine programs that may require more frequent training support.

In the end, you will find that a small investment in training pays significant dividends in program performance.

Health information technology[edit]

Main article: Health information technology

Health information technology (HIT) provides the umbrella framework to describe the

comprehensive management of health information across computerized systems and its secure

exchange between consumers, providers, government and uality entities, and insurers! Health

information technology (HIT) is in general increasingly viewed as the most promising tool for

improving the overall uality, safety and efficiency of the health delivery system ("haudhry et al!,#$$%)! &road and consistent utilization of HIT will'

• Improve health care uality

• revent medical errors

• *educe health care costs

• Increase administrative efficiencies and

• +ecrease paperwork and

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• xpand access to affordable care!

Interoperable HIT will improve individual patient care, but it will also bring many public health

benefits including'

• arly detection of infectious disease outbreaks around the country

• Improved tracking of chronic disease management and

• valuation of health care based on value enabled by the collection of de-identified price

and uality information that can be compared!

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Telehealth Innovations in Health ducation and Training

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4uthor information E 4rticle notes E "opyright and .icense information E

4bstract

Bo to'

http://dx.doi.org/10.1089%2Ftmj.2009.0152https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/mid/NIHMS197992/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/mid/NIHMS197992/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Conde%20JG%5Bauth%5Dhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=De%20S%5Bauth%5Dhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Hall%20RW%5Bauth%5Dhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Hall%20RW%5Bauth%5Dhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Johansen%20E%5Bauth%5Dhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Meglan%20D%5Bauth%5Dhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Meglan%20D%5Bauth%5Dhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Peng%20GC%5Bauth%5Dhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Peng%20GC%5Bauth%5Dhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937346/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937346/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937346/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937346/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937346/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937346/http://dx.doi.org/10.1089%2Ftmj.2009.0152https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/mid/NIHMS197992/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Conde%20JG%5Bauth%5Dhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=De%20S%5Bauth%5Dhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Hall%20RW%5Bauth%5Dhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Johansen%20E%5Bauth%5Dhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Meglan%20D%5Bauth%5Dhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Peng%20GC%5Bauth%5Dhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937346/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937346/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937346/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937346/


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Introduction

Teleheath applications are increasingly important for graduate and postgraduate education

in the health professions, professional certification and recertification, continuing medical

education, and health education for consumers and patients. Realizing telehealth's broad

potential, for example, in telelearning, telementoring, telesurgical planning environments,

telerobotic surgery, and teleconsultation, will allow forward-looking institutions to teach

anything, anytime, anywhere with the same uality of curriculum and mentorship as

delivered in traditional classroom settings, focusing on competence mastery rather than

information mastery. !n addition, telehealth applications will play a vital role in the

conduct of biomedical research and research training by facilitating remote collaborations

and providing remote access to expensive instrumentation that is not widely available

otherwise.

"ey innovations will be necessary in order to turn this vision into a reality. These includescalable, online, on-demand computational models for simulation that can be accessed

from low-end computers# simplified interfaces for software and hardware $including

video-conference systems%# software frameworks for simulations# portable telepresence

systems,& ( artificial intelligence applications $e.g., )econd *ife+ *inden Research, !nc.,

)an rancisco, /0% when simulated human patients are not options, and the

development of more simulator applications, focusing initially on minimally invasive

surgical and medical procedures. Remote 1-2 visualization techniues may also provide

innovations in training, education, and research.

/lthough many of these innovations may emerge from telehealth-and simulation-orientedresearch, innovations will also emerge from the application and3or integration of

technologies already available but used in other fields.& 4 Translation of these technologies

into the telehealth arena may provide opportunities for innovation in the short term.

Bo to'

Innovation

5esides technology development, other activities will contribute to innovations in

telehealth for training, education, and research. 6atterns of healthcare delivery need to

change in order to incorporate the benefits of telehealth applications. or example,

teletraining programs such as /ntenatal and 7eonatal 8uidelines, 9ducation, and

*earning )ystem and 6eds6*/9, a combined obstetrical and pediatric telemedicine

outreach program that connects hospitals throughout the state of /rkansas with each other

and the single academic medical center through weekly telemedicine conferences and

:;3< consultation, can reduce unnecessary costs while improving community health

outcomes.


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Research at the intersection of computational mechanics, real-time computing, computer

graphics, and computer haptics is key to the development of novel computational

technology for real-time surgical simulation with visual and touch feedback. Technically,

there is a need for network architectures that support multiple simulation users through

direct interfaces with computer clouds. 9xamples linked to telehealth include thedevelopment of the )oftware ramework for >ultimodal !nteractive )imulations,? a

research resource that allows rapid development of networked interactive environments

with real-time graphics and haptics# a hybrid network architecture that allows client-

server as well as peer-to-peer communications for better synchronization#&@ an

environment where surgical students, geographically separated, can collaboratively learn

and interact with specialists# telementoring environments where trainees may be Ahand

heldB by geographically separated experts# and telesurgical planning environments where

experts who are geographically separated may collaborate to plan a surgery. !n addition,

implementation and access to dynamic circuit networks technology should improve both

network utilization and user experience.

Bo to'

&arriers

)everal barriers may hinder the widespread use of teleheath innovations. There is a lack

of ualified instructors to guide trainees during remote simulations. This need may be

fulfilled through mechanisms such as the creation of communities of collaboration and

automated guidance systems based on learner feedback. 7etwork time delay is also an

issue, especially for remote simulations.

)ocial barriers include resistance to adopt new technologies and models for collaboration#

inadeuate access to uality cyber-infrastructure from underserved3remote areas#

professional credentialing standards that center on information mastery rather than

competence mastery, thus denying remote simulation to play a role in skills assessment#

and Cealth !nsurance 6ortability and /ccountability /ct issues and liability.

There is wide agreement that formal evaluation of telehealth technologies is necessary to

assess their effectiveness in real-world conditions. Cowever, outcomes research studies

are complex activities that reuire time, effort, and attention to detail. !n order to finally

bring the benefits of telehealth to the user in a timely fashion, outcomes research studies

should be designed, implemented, and analyzed with utmost care so that they can readily

provide the evidence reuired by users and policy makers.

Bo to'

*ecommendations

&.Increase support for research in key areas.

These in5lu$es5alable, 'nline, 'n!$eman$ 5'm#utati'nal m'$els 4'r simulati'n

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937346/#B9https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937346/#B10https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937346/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937346/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937346/#B9https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937346/#B10https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937346/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937346/


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that 5an be a55esse$ 4r'm l'+!en$ 5'm#uters9 sim#li


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bet+een $e:el'#ers an$ health5are #r'4essi'nals) -n a$$iti'n,simulati'n a##li5ati'ns sh'ul$ 5'm#l. +ith #r'4essi'nalgui$elines t' assure that trainees +ill im#r':e their #er4'rman5ein the real +'rl$ thr'ugh their :irtual training)

/) $ccelerate development of telehealth tools for biomedical,translational, and clinical researchers. Telehealth a##li5ati'ns 5an#r':i$e rem'te a55ess t' e@#ensi:e 'r rem'te resear5hinstrumentati'n, thus in5reasing its a:ailabilit. an$ use) -na$$iti'n, telehealth a##li5ati'ns (be.'n$ :i$e'5'n4eren5ing 5anim#r':e the resear5h an$ resear5h training en:ir'nments '4instituti'ns a5r'ss the nati'n b. 4'stering intera5ti'ns bet+eenge'gra#hi5all. se#arate$ resear5h teams) The %ati'nal -nstitutes'4 *ealth %-* alrea$. su##'rts a number '4 resear5h #r'gramsthat 5an $ri:e inn':ati'n in telehealth te5hn'l'g., su5h as the

P1 Bi'me$i5al Te5hn'l'g. Resear5h enters 4un$e$ b. the%ati'nal enter 4'r Resear5h Res'ur5es (%RR an$ the %ati'nal-nstitute '4 Bi'me$i5al -maging an$ Bi'engineering(%-B-B,12,1 an$ %-B-BEs Telehealth Pr'gram Area)1 -n a$$iti'n, the%RREs hare$ -nstrumentati'n rant #r'gram1 an$ the trans!%-* mall Business Resear5h Fun$ing ;##'rtunities#r'grams16 are #'tential s'ur5es '4 4un$ing 4'r ma'r share$e>ui#ment items (e)g), imaging s.stems an$ ne+ te5hn'l'g.$e:el'#ment, res#e5ti:el.) The %-* sh'ul$ #artner +ith theAmeri5an Teleme$i5ine Ass'5iati'n an$ 'ther stakeh'l$er gr'u#s

t' raise a+areness ab'ut these 'ng'ing grant #r'grams an$#r':i$e te5hni5al assistan5e t' #'tential a##li5ants)

Bo to'

"onclusions

Telehealth applications have the potential of greatly improving training, education, and

research. "ey innovations will emerge from research and development in specific areas,

and by the integration of technologies already in use for other purposes. 7!C may play a

lead role in facilitating telehealth innovation by establishing specific research initiatives,setting up collaboration3demonstration centers, collaborating with professional societies,

and facilitating access to adeuate cyber-infrastructure. These efforts will enhance

training, education, and research activities across the nation.

Bo to'

+isclosure @tatement

2r. >eglan is hief Technology Dfficer at )imEuest, a company developing a

simulation-based training system that is partially supported by 7!C grant R;;95@@=4@;.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937346/#B12https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937346/#B12https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937346/#B13https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937346/#B14https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937346/#B15https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937346/#B16https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937346/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937346/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937346/#B12https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937346/#B13https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937346/#B14https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937346/#B15https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937346/#B16https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937346/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937346/


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Bo to'

*eferences

1) The R"- enter 4'r -n4'rmati'n Ar5hite5ture in Resear5h Uni:ersit.

'4 Puert' Ri5' "e$i5al 5ien5es am#usG &@am#les '4 'llab'rati'n

tru5ture an$ T''ls) %e+ Y'rk (%YG lini5al an$ Translati'nal 5ien5e

enter, eill 'rnell "e$i5al 'llege9 H;5t 192003 I) lini5al an$

Translati'nal -n4'rmati5s %et+'rk "eeting H-nternetI

2) -nternet2 Fall "eeting 200/ H-nternetI) Ann Arb'r ("-G -nternet29 5

2003) 'llab'rati'ns -9 200/ A#r

22) htt#Ge:ents)internet2)e$u200/s#ring!mmsessi'nDetails)54m

sessi'nL/Me:entL2/0) H;5t

192003 I)htt#Ge:ents)internet2)e$u200/s#ring!

mmsessi'nDetails)54msessi'nL/Me:entL2/0

) -nternet2 Fall "eeting 2003 H-nternetI) Ann Arb'r ("-G -nternet29 5

2003) Telehealth 'llab'rati'ns9 2003 ;5t

6) htt#Ge:ents)internet2)e$u20034all!mmagen$a)54m

g'Lsessi'nMi$L1000086) H;5t

1092003 I)htt#Ge:ents)internet2)e$u20034all!mmagen$a)54m

g'Lsessi'nMi$L1000086

) -nternet2 Fall "eeting 2003 H-nternetI) Ann Arb'r ("-G -nternet29 5

2003) *igh De


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-nternati'nal .m#'sium 'n *ealth Dis#arities, De5ember 1O, 2003) in

#ress)

3) "a5iel A) *ali5 T) 'nghua N) %e$el NP) De ) Using the Ph.sQ engine

4'r #h.si5s!base$ surger. +ith 4'r5e 4ee$ba5k) -nt J "e$ R'b'ti5s

'm#uter Assiste$ urg) 20039G1O) HP" 4ree arti5leI HPub"e$I

10) ankaranara.anana ) De' D) De ) *.bri$ net+'rk ar5hite5ture

4'r intera5ti:e multi!user surgi5al simulat'r +ith s5alable $e4'rmable

m'$els) tu$ *ealth Te5hn'l -n4'rm) 2003912G232O23) HPub"e$I

11) The ?isible *uman Pr'e5t H-nternetI) Bethes$a ("D %ati'nal

Nibrar. '4 "e$i5ine, %ati'nal -nstitutes '4 *ealth Hu#$ate$ August 2/,

2003Ihtt#G+++)n5rr)nih)g':bi'me$i5alte5hn'l'g.share$instrumen

tati'n H;5t

892003 I)htt#G+++)n5rr)nih)g':bi'me$i5alte5hn'l'g.share$instrumentati'n

12) Bi'me$i5al Te5hn'l'g. Resear5h enters H-nternetI) Bethes$a ("D

%ati'nal -nstitutes '4 *ealth, %ati'nal enter 4'r Resear5h Res'ur5es

Hu#$ate$ ;5t'ber 8,

2003Ihtt#G+++)n5rr)nih)g':bi'me$i5alte5hn'l'g.bi'me$i5alte5hn

'l'g.resear5h5enters H;5t

892003 I)htt#G+++)n5rr)nih)g':bi'me$i5alte5hn'l'g.bi'me$i5alte5

hn'l'g.resear5h5enters

1) Bi'te5hn'l'g. Res'ur5e enters H-nternetI) Bethes$a ("D %ati'nal-nstitutes '4 *ealth, %ati'nal -nstitute '4 Bi'me$i5al -maging an$

Bi'engineering Hu#$ate$ e#tember /,

2003Ihtt#G+++)nibib)nih)g':Resear5hRes'ur5eenters ) H;5t

892003 I)htt#G+++)nibib)nih)g':Resear5hRes'ur5eenters

1) Telehealth Pr'gram Area H-nternetI) Bethes$a ("D %ati'nal

-nstitutes '4 *ealth, %ati'nal -nstitute '4 Bi'me$i5al -maging an$

Bi'engineering Hu#$ate$ "a. ,

2003Ihtt#G+++)nibib)nih)g':Resear5hPr'gramAreasTelehealth ) H;5t

892003 I)htt#G+++)nibib)nih)g':Resear5hPr'gramAreasTelehealth

1) hare$ -nstrumentati'n H-nternetI) Bethes$a ("D %ati'nal

-nstitutes '4 *ealth, %ati'nal enter 4'r Resear5h Res'ur5es Hu#$ate$

;5t'ber 8,

2003Ihtt#G+++)n5rr)nih)g':bi'me$i5alte5hn'l'g.share$instrumen

tati'n H;5t

892003 I)htt#G+++)n5rr)nih)g':bi'me$i5alte5hn'l'g.share$instru

mentati'n

16) mall Business Resear5h Fun$ing ;##'rtunities H-nternetI)Bethes$a ("D %ati'nal -nstitutes '4 *ealth, ;C5e '4 &@tramural

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2810833/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19449317https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19377171http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/biomedical_technology/shared_instrumentation/http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/biomedical_technology/shared_instrumentation/http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/biomedical_technology/shared_instrumentation/http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/biomedical_technology/shared_instrumentation/http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/biomedical_technology/biomedical_technology_research_centers/http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/biomedical_technology/biomedical_technology_research_centers/http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/biomedical_technology/biomedical_technology_research_centers/http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/biomedical_technology/biomedical_technology_research_centers/http://www.nibib.nih.gov/Research/ResourceCentershttp://www.nibib.nih.gov/Research/ResourceCentershttp://www.nibib.nih.gov/Research/ProgramAreas/Telehealthhttp://www.nibib.nih.gov/Research/ProgramAreas/Telehealthhttp://www.ncrr.nih.gov/biomedical_technology/shared_instrumentation/http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/biomedical_technology/shared_instrumentation/http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/biomedical_technology/shared_instrumentation/http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/biomedical_technology/shared_instrumentation/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2810833/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19449317https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19377171http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/biomedical_technology/shared_instrumentation/http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/biomedical_technology/shared_instrumentation/http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/biomedical_technology/shared_instrumentation/http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/biomedical_technology/shared_instrumentation/http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/biomedical_technology/biomedical_technology_research_centers/http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/biomedical_technology/biomedical_technology_research_centers/http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/biomedical_technology/biomedical_technology_research_centers/http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/biomedical_technology/biomedical_technology_research_centers/http://www.nibib.nih.gov/Research/ResourceCentershttp://www.nibib.nih.gov/Research/ResourceCentershttp://www.nibib.nih.gov/Research/ProgramAreas/Telehealthhttp://www.nibib.nih.gov/Research/ProgramAreas/Telehealthhttp://www.ncrr.nih.gov/biomedical_technology/shared_instrumentation/http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/biomedical_technology/shared_instrumentation/http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/biomedical_technology/shared_instrumentation/http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/biomedical_technology/shared_instrumentation/


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Resear5h Hu#$ate$ ;5t'ber 6,

2003I htt#Ggrants)nih)g':grants4un$ingsbir)htm) H;5t

892003 I) htt#Ggrants)nih)g':grants4un$ingsbir)htm

4rticles from Telemedicine 1ournal and e-Health are provided here courtesy of Mary Ann

Liebert, Inc.

http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/sbir.htmhttp://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/sbir.htmhttp://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/sbir.htmhttp://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/sbir.htm


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23/25

Combating Cyber Crime

T'$a.Ss +'rl$ is m're inter5'nne5te$ than e:er be4're) Yet, 4'r all its a$:antages, in5rease$

5'nne5ti:it. brings in5rease$ risk '4 the4t, 4rau$, an$ abuse) As Ameri5ans be5'me m're reliant 'n

m'$ern te5hn'l'g., +e als' be5'me m're :ulnerable t' 5.beratta5ks su5h as 5'r#'rate se5urit.

brea5hes, s#ear #hishing, an$ s'5ial me$ia 4rau$) 'm#lementar. 5.berse5urit. an$ la+

en4'r5ement 5a#abilities are 5riti5al t' sa4eguar$ing an$ se5uring 5.bers#a5e) Na+ en4'r5ement

#er4'rms an essential r'le in a5hie:ing 'ur nati'nSs 5.berse5urit. 'be5ti:es b. in:estigating a

+i$e range '4 5.ber 5rimes, 4r'm the4t an$ 4rau$ t' 5hil$ e@#l'itati'n, an$ a##rehen$ing an$

#r'se5uting th'se res#'nsible) The De#artment '4 *'melan$ e5urit. (D* +'rks +ith 'ther

4e$eral agen5ies t' 5'n$u5t high!im#a5t 5riminal in:estigati'ns t' $isru#t an$ $e4eat 5.ber

5riminals, #ri'riti=e the re5ruitment an$ training '4 te5hni5al e@#erts, $e:el'# stan$ar$i=e$

meth'$s, an$ br'a$l. share 5.ber res#'nse best #ra5ti5es an$ t''ls) riminal in:estigat'rs an$

net+'rk se5urit. e@#erts +ith $ee# un$erstan$ing '4 the te5hn'l'gies mali5i'us a5t'rs are using

an$ the s#e5iui##e$ 5'm#uter 4'rensi5s lab'rat'r., +hi5h s#e5iali=es in

$igital e:i$en5e re5':er., an$ 'ers training in 5'm#uter in:estigati:e an$ 4'rensi5 skills)

Law Enforcement Cyber Incident Reporting

The Na+ &n4'r5ement .ber -n5i$ent Re#'rting res'ur5e #r':i$es in4'rmati'n 4'r state, l'5al, tribal,

an$ territ'rial (NTT la+ en4'r5ement 'n +hen, +hat an$ h'+ t' re#'rt a 5.ber in5i$ent t' a

4e$eral entit.) The $'5ument als' #r':i$es in4'rmati'n 'n 4e$erall. s#'ns're$ training'##'rtunities an$ 'ther use4ul res'ur5es a:ailable t' NTT la+ en4'r5ement)

http://www.secretservice.gov/http://www.secretservice.gov/http://www.secretservice.gov/http://www.ice.gov/http://www.ice.gov/http://www.ice.gov/hsi/http://www.ice.gov/cyber-crimes/http://www.ice.gov/cyber-crimes/http://www.ice.gov/cyber-crimes/https://www.dhs.gov/publication/law-enforcement-cyber-incident-reporting-documentshttps://www.dhs.gov/publication/law-enforcement-cyber-incident-reporting-documentshttp://www.secretservice.gov/http://www.ice.gov/http://www.ice.gov/hsi/http://www.ice.gov/cyber-crimes/http://www.ice.gov/cyber-crimes/https://www.dhs.gov/publication/law-enforcement-cyber-incident-reporting-documents


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Last Published Date: %anuary &, #'()

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