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Teaching and Learning with Technology

What is Educational Technology?

Educational technology is any technologyused by educators in support of the teaching

and learning process Educators study educational technology in

order to have a sound foundation in thetechnologies needed to teach

NETS-T standards articulate what teachersand students should know about technology

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Educational Technology & Instruction

Educational technologies are the toolsteachers use to create an effectiveinstructional event

An instructional event includes all activitiesthat promote the transfer of knowledge and/orskills in the learning environment

The learning environment includes thephysical and non-physical aspects of the areain which the instructional event takes place

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About Learning

A variety of theories explain how people learn

Each theory offers a different perspective onlearning

Some theories may be contradictory

Each teacher must personally decide which

theory he or she agrees with

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Learning Theories

Learning as Communication

Knowledge is transferred by sending a

message from sender to receiver Receiver then returns feedback to sender

Sender receives feedback

All messages are impacted by variables thatmay alter the pure meaning of the intendedmessage

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Learning Theories

Environmental

Factors

Psychological

Factors

Personal

Filters

Factors Affecting Learning

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Learning Theories

Environmental Factors

Any factor in the environment that may cause

a learner to lose focus Environmental conditions can block

communications

Lighting, movement, temperature may allinterfere with communications

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Learning Theories

Psychological Factors

Unique individual differences that define and

impact reception of communicatedinformation

Emotional state may interfere with messagereception

Learning styles (preferred sensory gateways)may interfere with transmission

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Learning Theories

Personal Filters

Individuals values, heritage, and belief

system that may alter intended messages May include attitudes, cultural differences,

and opinions

Filters are present in both sender andreceiver

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Learning Theories

Behaviorists

All behavior is a response to external stimuli

Students learn (acquire behaviors, skills andknowledge) in response to rewards andpunishments

Learning is a passive response to theenvironment

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Learning Theories

Cognitivists

Focus is on learning as a mental operation

Information enters through senses, ismentally manipulated, stored and used

Learning is explained in terms of how one

thinks Believe learning is more complex than simple

behavioristic responses

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Learning Theory

Constructivists

Knowledge is constructed as a result of the

learning process and is unique to the personwho constructs it

Learning happens when knowledge isassimilated or accommodated (Piaget)

Knowledge may be constructed best in asocial context

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The Learner

Cognitive Styles

The manner in which one thinks and

interprets the environment Myers-Briggs helps to determine cognitive

preferences

Understanding cognitive styles helpsteachers create a supportive instructionalenvironment

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The Learner

Learning Styles

Conditions under which one learns best

Relates to individual sensory dominance Auditory learners learn best by listening

Visual learners learn best by seeing

Kinesthetic/Tactile learners learn best bydoing and touching

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The Learner

Intelligence

Inherent capabilities to learn and understand

Standford-Binet IQ tests emphasize verbaland mathematical abilities

Howard Gardners Multiple Intelligence theory

suggests everyone has some degree of eachof nine types of intelligence

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The Learner

Multiple Intelligences

Verbal-Linguistic

Mathematical-Logical

Musical

Visual-Spatial Bodily-Kinesthetic

Interpersonal

Intrapersonal Naturalistic

Existential

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Teaching and Learning

Teaching is a systematic planned sequenceof events

Teaching is a process that communication ofideas and skills

Teaching takes into account individual andenvironmental factors related to the learner

Skilled teachers are aware of learningtheories and learner characteristics thatimpact the process

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Teaching and Learning

Technology is a component of the teachingand learning process

Educational technology includes anyresource used to facilitate teaching andlearning

This view of technology has been an

evolution consistent with the evolution oflearning theories

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Educational Technology

An Historical Overview

The audio-visual movement began in theearly 1900s with the advent of movies

Slides, radio, sound recordings were added inthe 1920s-1930s to support the wars

Television drove audio-visuals in the 1950s

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An Historical Overview

In the 1960s A-V was expanded to a broader

systems view By the 1970s educational technology wasredefined to include all types of learningresources and systems

With the advent of the computer in the 1980s,educational technology entered the DigitalAge

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Today

The systems view of educational technology

embraces all media and systems that supportthe teaching and learning process

Each teacher must decide how to best utilizetechnology in support of his or her students

kuliah 1 kpt6044

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